In 1290, after the death of Margaret I of Scotland, the Crown of Scotland was without an immediate heir; however, there existed many distant heirs. Some leaders of the nation appealed to King Edward I of England to adjudicate between thirteen claimants, called competitors. For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... This article is about Margaret, Queen of Scots. ... The Crown of Scotland first worn by King James V in 1540. ... For other uses, see inheritance (disambiguation). ... King Edward I of England (June 17, 1239 – July 7, 1307), popularly known as Longshanks because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the Hammer of the Scots (his tombstone, in Latin, read, Hic est Edwardvs Primus Scottorum Malleus, Here lies Edward I, Hammer of the Scots), achieved...

Competitors

The Competitors for the Crown of Scotland were:

1. Floris V, Count of Holland, son of William II, Count of Holland, son of Floris IV, Count of Holland, son of William I, Count of Holland, son of Floris III, Count of Holland by his wife Ada, daughter of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, son of King David I. He claimed that Earl David of Huntingdon had renounced his hereditary rights to throne of Scotland.
2. Patrick de Dunbar, 7th Earl of Dunbar, son of Patrick, 6th Earl of Dunbar, son of Patrick, 5th Earl of Dunbar, son of Patrick, 4th Earl of Dunbar by his wife Ada, natural daughter of King William the Lion. His another claim was as the agnate of the House of Dunkeld, being (a) the closest agnate, and (b) a candidate based on tanistry of agnates of the house where Alexander III belonged to. He descended, in an allegedly legitimate unbroken male line, from a younger brother of King Duncan I of Scotland (who allegedly also was a younger son of Princess Bethoc of Scotland, the male line being that of Lords of Dunbar, originally Earls of Northumbria, later Earls of Dunbar (see Earl of March). His sone became recognized as the Earl of Scottish March. Also, an additional claim in his favor was that made by his wife, Marjory, daughter of Alexander Comyn, earl of Buchan, allegedly descended from King Donald Bane.
3. William de Vesci, Baron de Vesci, son of William de Vesci, son of Eustace de Vesci by his wife Margaret, natural daughter of King William the Lion.
4. William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros, son of Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros, son of William de Ros, of Hamlake, son of Robert de Ros by his wife Isabella, natural daughter of King William the Lion.
5. Robert de Pinkeney, son of Henry de Pinkeney by his wife Alicia, daughter of John Lindesay by his wife Marjorie, an alleged natural daughter of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, son of King David I.
6. Nicholas de Soules, son of ... de Soules by his wife Ermengarde, daughter of Alan Durward by his wife Marjorie, natural daughter of King Alexander II.
7. Patrick Galithly, son of Henry Galithly, natural son of King William the Lion.
8. Roger de Mandeville, son of ... de Mandeville by his wife Agatha, daughter of Robert Wardone by his wife Aufrica, daughter of William de Say by his wife Aufrica, natural daughter of King William the Lion.
9. John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, son of John Comyn, son of Richard Comyn, son of William Comyn, son of Richard Comyn by his wife Hextilda, daughter of Ughtred of Tynedale by his wife Bethoc, daughter of King Donald Bane.
10. John de Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings, son of Henry de Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, son of Henry de Hastings by his wife Ada, fourth daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, son of King David I.
11. John Balliol, son of John Balliol by his wife Devorguilla, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway by his wife Margaret, eldest daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, son of King David I. He pleaded primogeniture in legitimate, cognatic line.
12. Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale, son of Robert de Brus the Lord of Annandale by his wife Isabella, second daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, son of King David I. This Robert Bruce was Regent of Scotland sometime during minority of King and was occasionally recognized as a Tanist of the Scottish Throne. In the succession dispute, he pleaded tanistry and proximity in degree of kinship to the deceased King.
13. Eric II, King of Norway, father of Queen Margaret I and son-in-law of King Alexander III.

Count Floris V of Holland (1254–1296), der Keerlen God (God of the Peasants), is one of the most important figures of the first, native dynasty of Holland (833-1299). ... Count Willem II of Holland Granting Privileges by Caesar van Everdingen (1654) William II of Holland, (February 1228-28 January 1256), was a count of Holland (1235-1256) and king of Germany (1247-1256). ... Floris IV was Count of Holland from 1222 to 1234. ... Count Floris III of Holland ( 1141 - August 1, 1190) was Count of Holland from 1157 to his death, succeeding his father, Dirk VI. On September 28, 1162 he married Ada, sister of king William I of Scotland, also known as William the Lion. ... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... KIng David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Coluim), known as the Saint, (1084 – May 24, 1153), king of Scotland, the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling), was born in 1084. ... ... Patrick de Dunbar, 7th Earl of Dunbar (-1289) was lord of the fortress of Dunbar, dominating much of Lothian, and the most important fiefholder in the border regions of Scotland against England, as well as one of the Competitors for the Crown of Scotland in 1290-92. ... William I (William the Lion, William Leo, William Dunkeld or William Canmore), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. ... Patrilineality (a. ... Tanistry (Irish/Gaeilge Tàinste;Scottish Gaelic: Tànaisteachd) was the office of heir-apparent, or second-in-command, among the royal dynastys of Ireland and her offshoot nations. ... Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1001 - August 15, 1040) was a son of Crinan the Thane de Mormaer, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Princess Bethoc of Scotland. ... Bethóc inghean Mhaoil Choluim, Princess of Scotland was the eldest daughter of King Malcolm II of Alba (Scotland), who had no sons. ... The title Earl of March has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of England. ... Donald III of Scotland (about 1033 - 1099) was king of Scotland from 1093 to 1094 and 1094 to 1097. ... William I (William the Lion, William Leo, William Dunkeld or William Canmore), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. ... William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros (1255 - 1317) was a claimant to the crown of Scotland. ... Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros (c. ... William I (William the Lion, William Leo, William Dunkeld or William Canmore), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. ... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... KIng David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Coluim), known as the Saint, (1084 – May 24, 1153), king of Scotland, the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling), was born in 1084. ... Alexander II (August 24, 1198 - July 6, 1249), king of Scotland, son of William I, the Lion, and of Ermengarde of Beaumont, was born at Haddington, East Lothian, in 1198, and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214. ... William I (William the Lion, William Leo, William Dunkeld or William Canmore), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. ... William I (William the Lion, William Leo, William Dunkeld or William Canmore), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ... Donald III of Scotland (c. ... David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (d. ... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... KIng David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Coluim), known as the Saint, (1084 – May 24, 1153), king of Scotland, the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling), was born in 1084. ... John Balliol and his wife. ... John de Balliol (d. ... David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (d. ... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... KIng David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Coluim), known as the Saint, (1084 – May 24, 1153), king of Scotland, the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling), was born in 1084. ... Primogeniture is the common tradition of inheritance by the first-born of the entirety of a parents wealth, estate or office; or in the absence of children, by collateral relatives, in order of seniority of the collateral line. ... Robert Bruce a. ... David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (d. ... Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) was a Scottish prince and English peer. ... KIng David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Coluim), known as the Saint, (1084 – May 24, 1153), king of Scotland, the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling), was born in 1084. ... Tanistry (Irish/Gaeilge Tàinste;Scottish Gaelic: Tànaisteachd) was the office of heir-apparent, or second-in-command, among the royal dynastys of Ireland and her offshoot nations. ... Proximity or closeness in degree of kinship is one of the ways to determine succession based on genealogy. ... Eirik Magnusson, king of Norway from 1280 until 1299. ... This article is about Margaret, Queen of Scots. ... Alexander III (September 4, 1241 – March 19, 1286), king of Scots, also known as Alexander the Glorious, ranks as one of Scotlands greatest kings. ...

Election

Edward I decided in favor of the senior legitimate heir by primogeniture, John Balliol; however, in 1306, the crown was assumed by a grandson of the Competitor Bruce, who became King Robert I. Primogeniture is the common tradition of inheritance by the first-born of the entirety of a parents wealth, estate or office; or in the absence of children, by collateral relatives, in order of seniority of the collateral line. ... John Balliol and his wife. ... Events March 25 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland June 19 - Forces of Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruces Scottish rebels at the Battle of Methven Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property In London, a city ordinance degrees that heating with... Robert I, (Robert de Brus in Norman French and Roibert a Briuis in medieval Gaelic), usually known in modern English today as Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274 – June 7, 1329), was King of Scotland (1306 – 1329). ...

Bibliography

• Burke, Sir John B. Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. London: Burke's Peerage, 1973.