A compiled language is a programming language whose implementations are typically compilers (translators which generate machine code from source code), and not interpreters (step-by-step executors of source code, where no translation takes place). A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. ... A programming language implementation is a system for executing programs written in a programming language. ... A diagram of the operation of a typical multi-language, multi-target compiler. ... Machine code or machine language is a system of instructions and data directly understandable by a computers central processing unit. ... Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ... An interpreter is a computer program that executes other programs. ... Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ...

The term is somewhat vague; in principle any language can be implemented with a compiler or with an interpreter. A combination of both solutions is also increasingly common: a compiler can translate the source code into some intermediate form (often called bytecode), which is then passed to an interpreter which executes it. Byte-code is a sort of intermediate code that is more abstract than machine code. ...

A program translated by a compiler is often much faster than an interpreter executing the same program: even a 10:1 ratio is not uncommon. The mixed solution's efficiency is typically somewhere in between. The downsides of the "compiler" solution are the inherent complexity of a good implementation, and longer edit-run cycles.

A pure compiler implementation is the typical solution for low-level languages, because it comes out as more "natural", and because of efficiency concerns; however with some effort it is always possible to write compilers even for traditionally interpreted languages such as Lisp and Prolog. In computer programming, an interpreted language is a programming language whose programs may be executed from source form, by an interpreter. ... Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully-parenthesized syntax. ... Prolog is a logic programming language. ...

Languages

Some languages that are commonly considered to be compiled:

• Ada
• ALGOL
  • Algol 60
  • Algol 68
  • SMALL
• BASIC
• C
  • C++
  • C#
  • Objective-C
  • D
• CLEO
• COBOL
• Common Lisp
• Corn
• Delphi
• Eiffel
  • Sather
  • Ubercode
• Fortran
• JOVIAL
• Lush
• ML
  • Standard ML
    • Alice
  • Ocaml
• Pascal
• Urq
• Visual Basic
• Visual Foxpro
• Visual Prolog

Ada is a structured, statically typed programming language, designed by Jean Ichbiah of Cii Honeywell Bull in the 1970s. ... ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language) is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which became the de facto standard way to report algorithms in print for almost the next 30 years. ... ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language) is a programming language originally developed in the mid 1950s which became the de facto standard way to report algorithms in print for almost the next 30 years. ... ALGOL 68 (short for ALGOrithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and a more rigorously defined syntax and semantics. ... Small can refer to the following: Look up small in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of high-level programming languages. ... Wikibooks has a book on the topic of C Programming The C programming language (often, just C) is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie for use on the Unix operating system. ... C++ (generally pronounced /si plʌs plʌs/) is a general-purpose, high-level programming language with low-level facilities. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Objective-C, often referred to as ObjC or more seldomly as Objective C or Obj-C, is an object oriented programming language implemented as an extension to C. It is used primarily on Mac OS X and GNUstep, two environments based on the OpenStep standard, and is the primary language... D is an object-oriented, imperative, multiparadigm system programming language designed by Walter Bright of Digital Mars as a re-engineering of C++. This was done by re-designing many C++ features, and borrowing ideas from other programming languages. ... Cleo is a female given name that is short for Cleopatra and an alternate spelling for Clio. ... COBOL is a third-generation programming language, and one of the oldest programming languages still in active use. ... Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, standardised by ANSI X3. ... Delphi is the primary programming language of Borland Delphi. ... Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language which emphasizes the production of robust software. ... Sather is an object-oriented programming language. ... Ubercode is a high level programming language designed by Ubercode Software and released in 2005 for Microsoft Windows. ... Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ... JOVIAL stands for The International Algorithmic Language part of the name is from ALGOL. This high order language was developed to write software for the embedded systems of military aircraft by Jules Schwartz in 1959. ... Lush, the Lisp Universal Shell, is an object-oriented dialect of Lisp that was initially developed as a scripting language for machine learning applications, but can also be used for general purpose, systems, and network programming or administration tasks. ... ML is a general-purpose functional programming language developed by Robin Milner and others in the late 1970s at Edinburgh University, whose syntax is inspired by ISWIM. Historically, ML stands for metalanguage as it was conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (the language of which ML... Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. ... Alice is a functional programming language designed by the Programming Systems Lab at Saarland University. ... Objective Caml (OCaml) is the main implementation of the Caml programming language, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy and others in 1996. ... Pascal is an imperative computer programming language, developed in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a language particularly suitable for structured programming. ... This article is about the Visual Basic language shipping with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. ... Visual FoxPro is a data-centric object-oriented and procedural programming language produced by Microsoft. ... Visual Prolog, also formerly known as PDC Prolog and Turbo Prolog. ...

Tools

• ANTLR
• CodeWorker
• Lex
• Yacc
• GNU bison

The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Lex is a program that generates lexical analyzers (scanners). Lex is commonly used with the yacc parser generator. ... Yacc is a piece of computer software that serves as the standard parser generator on Unix systems. ... GNU bison is a free parser generator computer program written for the GNU project, and available for virtually all common operating systems. ...

See also

• compiler
• interpreter (computing)
• interpreted language

A diagram of the operation of a typical multi-language, multi-target compiler. ... An interpreter is a computer program that executes other programs. ... In computer programming, an interpreted language is a programming language whose programs may be executed from source form, by an interpreter. ...

External links

• DMOZ.org Open Directory Category