Complementary colors are pairs of colors that are of “opposite” hue in some color model. The exact hue “complementary” to a given hue depends on the model in question, and perceptually uniform, additive, and subtractive color models, for example, have differing complements for any given color. Color is an important part of the visual arts. ... An image with the hues cyclically shifted The hues in the image of this Painted Bunting are cyclically rotated with time. ... A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components (e. ... Additive color mixing: adding red to green yields yellow; adding yellow to blue yields white. ... Subtractive color mixing An 1877 color photo by Louis Ducos du Hauron, a French pioneer of color photography. ...

[edit] Color theory

On HSV color wheel opposite colors are complementary colors, that when mixed produce a shade of grey.

In color theory, two colors are called complementary if, when mixed in the proper proportion, they produce a neutral color (grey, white, or black). Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x1024, 252 KB)Image created by (3ucky(3all using Borland Delphi 2006, Adobe Photoshop 9. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x1024, 252 KB)Image created by (3ucky(3all using Borland Delphi 2006, Adobe Photoshop 9. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Color is an important part of the visual arts. ...

In roughly-perceptual color models, neutrals (white, greys, and black) lie along a central axis of the color space, and complementary colors will lie roughly opposite each other, across this axis. For example, in the HSV color space, complementary colors (as defined in HSV) lie opposite each other on any vertical cross-section. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In most discussions of complementary color, only fully saturated, bright colors are considered.^{[citation needed]} However, under the formal definition, brightness and saturation are also factors.^{[citation needed]} Thus, in the CIE 1931 color space, a color of a particular “dominant” wavelength can be mixed with a particular amount of the “complementary” wavelength to produce a neutral color (grey or white). In the study of the perception of color, one of the first mathematically defined color spaces was the CIE XYZ color space (also known as CIE 1931 color space), created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931. ... Dominant/complementary wavelength example on the CIE color space The x marks the color in question. ...

In the RGB color model (and derived models such as HSV), primary colors and secondary colors are paired in this way: A representation of additive color mixing—In CRT based (analog electronics) television three color electron guns are used to stimulate such an arrangement of phosphorescent coatings of the glass, the resultant reemission of photons providing the image seen by the eye. ... This article is about colors. ... A secondary color is a color made by mixing two primary colors in a given color space. ...

• red and cyan ( red   cyan ) (where cyan is the mixture of blue and green)
• green and magenta ( green   magenta ) (where magenta is the mixture of red and blue)
• blue and yellow ( blue   yellow ) (where yellow is the mixture of green and red)

For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... Cyan (from Greek κυανοs, meaning blue) may be used as the name of any of a number of a range of colors in the blue/green part of the spectrum. ... For other uses, see Green (disambiguation). ... This article is about the dye color magenta. ... For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... A yellow Tulip. ...

[edit] Afterimages

When one stares at a single color, red for example, for a sustained period of time (thirty seconds to a minute should suffice), then looks at a white surface, an afterimage of the complementary color (in this case cyan) will appear. This is the result of eye fatigue^[1]. In the case above the photoreceptors for red light in the retina are fatigued, lessening their ability to send the information to the brain. When white light is viewed, the red portions of light incident upon the eye are not transmitted as efficiently as the other wavelengths (or colors), and the result is the illusion of viewing the complementary color. As the receptors are given time to rest, the illusion vanishes. In the case of looking at white light, red light is still incident upon the eye (as well as blue and green), however since the receptors for other light colors are also being fatigued, the eye will reach an equilibrium. This can be sped up simply by closing one's eyes, immediately giving them rest and restoring normal vision. Green is the opposite of yellow. An afterimage is an optical illusion that occurs after looking away from a direct gaze at an image. ... A photoreceptor, or photoreceptor cell, is a specialized type of neuron found in the eyes retina that is capable of phototransduction. ... Human eye cross-sectional view. ...

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[edit] Neurobiology

The difference between green and cyan as complements for red, and blue and violet as complements for yellow is an upward shift in the spectrum. A model of color perception that explains it is called the opponent-color system. It is also a subject of controversy that distinguishing complementary color from negative color can resolve: blue for the negative with violet for the complement of yellow; cyan for the negative with green for the complement of red. Neurobiology is the study of cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior. ...

In aesthetics, both negative colors and complementary colors offer contrast that ganglia in the eye accentuate in a center versus surround fashion. ^[2] Carlson offers the opponent-color system as a basis for the eye's initial conversion of color to a rate of firing. GÃ…NGLÃŽÃ… is a 1 man electronic grindcore band from Los Angeles California that began in August of 1999. ... simply; your nose receives messages from the environment sending them to the olfactory centre which is present in the cerebrum the largest part of brain: then you either smell a good smell or a bad smell stink with parts of seconds. ...

Rods in the eye have maximal sensitivity at 496 nanometres, barely inside the range of cyan, while blue cones are maximally sensitive at a much higher frequency corresponding to 440 nanometres. Green cones contain a pigment that absorbs most strongly at 531 nanometres. Red cones, presumably, fire most frequently to light with a wavelength of 559 nanometres.

[edit] References

1. ^ Color & The Absorption Spectrum. Retrieved on 2007-01-14.
2. ^ Neil R. Carlson (1988). Page 158, Foundations of Physiological Psychology. University of Massachusetts at Amherst.