NADH dehydrogenase

NADH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.5.3), Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain, catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q (CoQ). It is also known as the NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Image File history File links Ubiquinone-1BE3. ... Image File history File links Ubiquinone-1BE3. ... The Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. ... In cell biology, a mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes. ... The electron transfer chain (also called the electron transport chain, ETC, e-train, or simply electron transport), is any series of protein complexes and lipid-soluble messengers that convert the reductive potential of energized electrons into a cross-membrane proton gradient. ... Properties The electron is a lightweight fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. ... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are two important coenzymes found in cells. ... Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone or ubiquinol, is a biologically active quinone with an isoprenoid side chain, related in structure to vitamin K and vitamin E. // History Coenzyme Q was first discovered in 1957 by professor F. L. Crane and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin Enzyme Institute. ...

2NADH + CoQ + 2H⁺ → 2NAD⁺ + CoQH₂

In the process, the complex also translocates protons across the inner membrane, helping to build the electrochemical potential used to produce ATP. A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that is capable of moving protons across the membrane of a cell, mitochondrion, or other subcellular compartment, thereby creating a difference or gradient in both pH and electrical charge (ignoring differences in buffer capacity) and tending to establish an electrochemical potential. ... Electrochemical potential is a thermodynamic measure that reflects energy from entropy and electrostatics and is typically invoked in molecular processes that involve diffusion. ... Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide primarily known in biochemistry as the molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer. ...

It is the largest of the respiratory complexes, the mammalian enzyme containing 42 separate polypeptide chains. Of particular functional importance are the flavin prosthetic group and eight iron-sulfur clusters. Of the 42 subunits, seven are encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Orders Subclass Multituberculata (extinct) Plagiaulacida Cimolodonta Subclass Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Subclass Triconodonta (extinct) Subclass Eutheria (excludes extinct ancestors) Afrosoricida Anagaloidea (extinct) Artiodactyla Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Cimolesta (extinct) Creodonta (extinct) Condylarthra (extinct) Dermoptera Desmostylia (extinct) Dinocerata (extinct) Embrithopoda (extinct) Hyracoidea Insectivora Lagomorpha Litopterna (extinct) Macroscelidea Mesonychia (extinct) Notoungulata (extinct) Perissodactyla Pholidota Plesiadapiformes... Riboflavin Flavin is a tricyclic heteronuclear organic ring based on pteridine whose biochemical source is the vitamin riboflavin. ... A prosthetic group is a nonprotein (non-amino acid) component of a conjugated protein. ... An iron-sulfur cluster is a structural motif found in certain metalloproteins, such as the ferredoxins, as well as NADH dehydrogenase and Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase of the electron transfer system. ... The mitochondrial genome is the genetic material of the mitochondria. ...

Defects in the subunits of Complex I are associated with various mitochondrial diseases, including Leigh syndrome and Parkinson's disease.

Amytal and rotenone inhibit the transfer of electrons from Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) to Complex III (Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase complex).Piercidin, an antibiotic inhibits electron flow from the iron sulfur centres to the ubiquinone molecule. Amobarbital is a barbiturate with sedative-hypnotic and analgesic properties . ... Rotenone (CAS number 83-79-4) is a colorless-to-blue, foul smelling solid. ... CoQ Cytochrome c reductase The Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase complex, sometimes called the cytochrome bc1 complex, and at other times Complex III, is the third complex in the electron transfer chain (PDB 1KYO, EC 1. ...

More information can be found on the Complex I home page.