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Encyclopedia > Composition studies

Composition Studies (also referred to as "Composition and Rhetoric," "College Composition," or simply "Composition") is the professional field of writing instruction, especially at the college level in the United States. In many American colleges and universities, undergraduate students must take freshman — sometimes even higher — composition courses. For example, in California, all public colleges and universities have 1A, freshman composition, and 1B, sophomore composition, requirements. Rhetoric (from Greek ρήτωρ, rhêtôr, orator, teacher) is the art or technique of persuasion, usually through the use of language. ... Alternate uses: Student (disambiguation) Etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb stŭdērĕ, which means to study, a student is one who studies. ... This article is becoming very long. ... A college (Latin collegium) can be the name of any group of colleagues; originally it meant a group of people living together under a common set of rules (con-, together + leg-, law). As a consequence members of colleges were originally styled fellow and still are in some places. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ...


Many composition scholars study not only the theory and practice of postsecondary writing instruction, but also the influence of different writing conventions and genres on writers' composing processes. As written conventions and genres change over time, compositionists continue to learn how these changes affect writers, and how writers work to change the conventions within which they work. A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline. ... The word theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. ... A practice refers to a way that something is done. ... A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... A genre is any of the traditional divisions of art forms from a single field of activity into various kinds according to criteria particular to that form. ...

Contents

First-year composition

Many universities have a required freshman, or first-year, composition course. This is not always the same as a literature course, which focuses on literary analysis and interpretation; rather, composition courses are often intensive instruction in writing non-fiction, expository texts using academic discourse conventions. Writing curricula vary considerably from institution to institution. Pedagogies or approaches to teaching writing are grounded in a range of different traditions and philosophies. Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... Non-fiction is an account or representation of a subject which is presented as fact. ...


Graduate studies

Doctoral programs in Composition Studies are available at more than eighty universities. Such programs are commonly housed within English Studies or Education programs.


Second-language writing

Second language writing is the practice of teaching writing to non-native speakers of English. Second language writing is the name usually given to the study of writing performed by non-native speakers/writers of a language, whether as a true second or foreign language. ...


Writing across the curriculum

Because academic discourse is not monolithic, many compositionists have created a writing across the curriculum (WAC) movement that situates writing-intensive instruction in specific academic discourse communities. Discourse is a term used in semantics as in discourse analysis, but it also refers to a social conception of discourse, often linked with the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and Jürgen Habermas The Theory of Communicative Action (1985). ...


Writing center

Many colleges and universities have a writing center, which offers supplementary tutorial support for writing specifically in English classes and/or across the curriculum. Many universities in North America and especially elsewhere only offer writing instruction via writing centers. Most colleges, universities, and many secondary schools maintain a Writing Center, which provides students with free assistance on their papers, projects, and reports from trained professionals or peer tutors. ...


See also

English studies is an academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the English language (including literatures from the U.K., U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, India, South Africa, and the Middle East, among other areas), English linguistics (including English phonetics, phonology, syntax, morphology, semantics... The National Writing Project is a non-profit organization in the United States designed to strengthen the teaching of writing in classrooms everywhere. ... Rhetoric (from Greek ρήτωρ, rhêtôr, orator, teacher) is the art or technique of persuasion, usually through the use of language. ... Second language writing is the name usually given to the study of writing performed by non-native speakers/writers of a language, whether as a true second or foreign language. ... Most colleges, universities, and many secondary schools maintain a Writing Center, which provides students with free assistance on their papers, projects, and reports from trained professionals or peer tutors. ...

Further reading

  • Berlin, James A. Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges, 1900-1985. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1987.
  • Miller, Susan. Textual Carnivals: The Politics of Composition. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1991.
  • North, Stephen. The Making of Knowledge in Composition Studies. Upper Montclair, N.J.: Boynton/Cook, 1987.
  • Phelps, Louise Wetherbee. Composition as a Human Science. New York: Oxford UP, 1988.
  • William Strunk, Jr., The Elements of Style. Privately Printed, Press of W.P. Humphrey, Geneva, NY, 1918.
  • William Strunk, Jr., et al., The Classics of Style. The American Academic Press, 2006.

The Elements of Style, 2000 edition. ... A combination of textbook and reference guide, The Classics of Style is a style guide to the art of English language arts, published by The American Academic Press. ... The American Academic Press is a small academic press located in Cleveland, Ohio. ...

External links

  • Composition Forum
  • Conference on College Composition and Communication
  • Journal of Advanced Composition
  • Journal of Basic Writing
  • Journal of Second Language Writing


 

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