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Composting toilets use biological processes to deal with the disposal and processing of human excrement into organic compost material. A biological process is a process of a living organism. ...
Human feces, also known as stools, vary significantly in appearance, depending on the state of the whole digestive system, influenced by diet and health. ...
A handful of compost Compost is the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials (those with plant and animal origins). ...
Types of toilet
A composting toilet can be defined as "...a system that converts human waste into a fertilizer or useable soil through the natural breakdown of organic matter back into its essential minerals. Aerobic microbes do this in the presence of moisture and air, by oxidizing the carbon in the organic material to carbon dioxide gas, and converting hydrogen atoms to water vapour.
 "In situ" or Self-Contained compost toilet There are two basic types of composting toilets, those that complete the composting process "in-situ", more popularily termed self-contained, and those that deposit waste from a low-flush or water-free toilet to a remote composting unit which sits below often referred to as a Central unit. Composting toilets can be installed anywhere you require a toilet, such as a cabin, cottage, bunkie, yurt, RV, pool cabana, boat, shed, barn, and even in your own home. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
[[Image:Compost Heap. ...
Some composting toilets use electricity, while others do not. Some electrical systems use fans to exhaust air and increase microbial activity. Other systems require the user to simply rotate a drum within the composting toilet in order to allow for an aerobic breakdown of human waste. This technology is found to be the most optimal method to mix and aerate material, which is the key feature of a composting toilet. This method allows material to break down aerobically (with the presence of oxygen) in order to prevent any sort of foul smell typically found with septic systems or other composting toilets that do not properly mix material. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ...
A handful of compost Compost is the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials (those with plant and animal origins). ...
 Rate of decomposition in a large composting toilet facility Some composting toilets are large with a significant space requirement in the room below the toilet. Others are not significantly larger than a traditional toilet. Those small systems generally do not claim to finish the composting on-site, but are preparing the human waste materials for secondary composting in another location (like a compost pile). Image File history File links The solid toilet wastes, feces and cellulose, slowly decay aided by both macro and micro organisms such as fungi, bacteria, worms etc. ...
Image File history File links The solid toilet wastes, feces and cellulose, slowly decay aided by both macro and micro organisms such as fungi, bacteria, worms etc. ...
Accumulated solids after 30yrs in Clivus Multrum All composting toilets eventually need some end product removal. A full size composting toilet does not need to have solids removed for several decades if the active tank volume is at least three times the yearly addition. This is due to the dramatic reduction in volume over time -- after around 5 years only 1-2% of the original volume remains. It is then a mineralized soil which will not decompose any further See [3] Other smaller type systems need to remove solids several times a year. Image File history File linksMetadata 30yraccumUS.jpg‎ Diagram showing the accumulated content in a long term composting process. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata 30yraccumUS.jpg‎ Diagram showing the accumulated content in a long term composting process. ...
A related device, though only by its stand-alone use and not for its sustainability, is the incinerating toilet, which uses natural gas or propane to reduce the waste material to ash in a process similar to a self cleaning oven. However, these systems are quite expensive to run and emit a foul odor, like toasted waste. A incinerating toilet is a toilet that burns the excrements instead of flushing them with water. ...
Commercial systems
 Public composting toilet facility on E6 highway in Sweden In recent years several commercial compost toilet systems have begun to compete with and replace conventional WCs in high use public facilities. There they have found a market because of their resilience and the environmental advantages of not discharging pollutants into the environment. Outstanding among these is the three-storey C.K. Choi Building, which contains 5 compost toilets (10 seats) for 300 full-time employees. The IslandWood School on Bainbridge Island, WA (USA), relies entirely on compost toilets. Facilities Manager Dean Newcomb says, “All of the comments about the compost toilet systems have been favorable. We keep the bathrooms immaculate, and the fan in the vent system generally works well, so it really gets rid of the misconception that these are smelly systems.” Image File history File links E6 restarea composting toilet facilities File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links E6 restarea composting toilet facilities File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Flush toilet A flush toilet or water closet is a toilet that disposes of the waste products by using water to sweep them away down a drainpipe. ...
It has been suggested that Pollutant be merged into this article or section. ...
Bainbridge Island is an island in Puget Sound, and is an incorporated city located in Kitsap County, Washington. ...
Composting toilets reduce the volume of humanure and other organic materials on site over months or years through predominantly mesophilic composting and yield a fertilizer that is, after the legally required period of time, able to be utilized in horticultural or agricultural applications. Composting toilets are also becoming more common as an accepted alternative in homes, where the odor-free operation of a properly functioning unit appeals more to some houseowners than conventional toilets, with their consumption of large quantities of clean water. Humanure is a neologism designating human waste (feces and urine) that is recycled via composting for agricultural or other purposes. ...
 Public composting toilet facility on E6 highway in Sweden Composting toilets have entered the mainstream plumbing realm by being tested and, if approved, certified to the ANSI/NSF-41 Standard. Composting Toilets can be tested and certified for ANSI/NSF-41 by any ANSI accredited testing laboratories such as CSA, CSA International, NSF and UL. Image File history File links Public composting toilet at Susedalens restarea on the E6 south of Falkenberg in Sweden File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Public composting toilet at Susedalens restarea on the E6 south of Falkenberg in Sweden File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
A plumber wrench for working on pipes and fittings Plumbing, from the Latin for lead (plumbum), is the skilled trade of working with pipes, tubing and plumbing fixtures for potable water systems and the drainage of waste. ...
CSA Logo with C and US Established in 1919, the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is a world leader in safety standards testings. ...
CSA Group is a not-for-profit membership based association serving business, industry, government and consumers. ...
NSF International, formerly National Sanitation Foundation, is a not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, that develops standards and provides product certification and education in the field of public health and safety. ...
The UL Mark Underwriters Laboratories Inc. ...
Waterless, odorless composting toilets ensure that houses can remain occupied in drought areas where water is shut off for periods of time. An example is southern Spain, where at least one composting toilet per house could provide acceptable sanitation for as long as the drought prevails and water is unavailable. Likewise it provides always-usable public toilet facilities under such circumstances. This is becoming a very important application for the technology in areas all over the world where there is only periodic availability of water.
'DIY' compost toilet systems Far more simple and basic DIY systems can also be constructed that require very little cost or maintenance, provided that attention is paid to a number of important factors. The toilet must control odors. This is achieved by ensuring adequate ventilation (sometimes simply by leaving a small gap between the top of the wall and the roof, more sophisticated systems may incorporate some kind of low voltage extractor fan). Odors can also be controlled by either ensuring that urine and faeces are kept separate or by adding sufficient high carbon content 'soak' material (see below) to absorb excess liquid. The design of the composting toilet should allow the material to remain aerated to prevent the compost from becoming anaerobic, which can result in unpleasant odors. It must also either heat the faeces to the point that pathogens are destroyed (a thermophilic process), or else allow sufficient time (up to a year) for such pathogens to break down and disappear naturally (a mesophilic process). The upside however is that they do not use any significant amount of water and they may produce fertilizer safe for small scale agricultural use. International safety symbol Caution, risk of electric shock (ISO 3864), colloquially known as high voltage symbol. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Rabbit feces are usually 0. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ...
A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. ...
Thermophiles produce some of the bright colors of Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park A thermophile is an organism – a type of extremophile – which thrives at relatively high temperatures, up to about 60 °C. Many thermophiles are archaea. ...
A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, typically between 20 and 45 °C with an optimal temperature near 37 °C, which is the normal temperature of the human body. ...
Another variant is the Tree bog - a type of compost toilet which never needs emptying. Nutrient-hungry trees such as fast growing willows are planted around the Tree bog, which take up the nutrients and convert them to biomass which may then be harvested. A Tree Bog is a form of compost toilet which has willows, nettles and other nutrient hungry plants planted around it. ...
Species About 350, including: Salix acutifolia - Violet Willow Salix alaxensis - Alaska Willow Salix alba - White Willow Salix alpina - Alpine Willow Salix amygdaloides - Peachleaf Willow Salix arbuscula - Mountain Willow Salix arbusculoides - Littletree Willow Salix arctica - Arctic Willow Salix atrocinerea Salix aurita - Eared Willow Salix babylonica - Peking Willow Salix bakko Salix barrattiana...
Switchgrass, a hardy plant used in the biofuel industry in the United States Rice chaff. ...
![A compost toilet facility viewed from outside. This structure was built entirely from recycled materials[1]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Finished.jpg/180px-Finished.jpg) A compost toilet facility viewed from outside. This structure was built entirely from recycled materials [1] photo by Graham Burnett This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version...
photo by Graham Burnett This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version...
The international symbol for recycling. ...
Image File history File links Composttoilet. ...
Image File history File links Composttoilet. ...
See also: DIY Network, a cable TV network. ...
Dial House is a sixteenth-century farm cottage nestling deep in the countryside in Essex, England, fringing Epping Forest. ...
Essex is a county in the East of England. ...
Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Unified - by Athelstan 927 AD Area - Total 130...
Composting process and products The process of converting human excrement into safe and usable compost material can take between 3 months to a few years depending on factors such as climate, temperature and the particular system being employed; and in 4-6 years will become highly mineralized soil. Some composting toilet models are concomitantly turning urine into an odor-free, pathogen-free organic liquid fertilizer. Some countries, for example Sweden, allow this liquid to be used in agriculture after a storage period of 6 months. In the full-size composting toilets, urine goes through a process called nitrification, resulting in an odor-free and practically bacteria-free liquid fertilizer.
The objective with a composting toilet is to destroy all the harmful pathogens, and turn the waste nutrients into fertile soil. Typically, the waste breaks down to 10% of its original volume. Most toilet composting systems are mouldering, or low-temperature, toilets, where the waste is left for long enough that pathogens break down naturally, but there are also hot, or thermophilic, toilets, which heat the waste material high enough that pathogens are destroyed. A pathogen (literally birth of pain from the Greek παθογένεια) is a biological agent that can cause disease to its host. ...
Thermophiles produce some of the bright colors of Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park A thermophile is an organism – a type of extremophile – which thrives at relatively high temperatures, up to about 60 °C. Many thermophiles are archaea. ...
Some composting toilets separate the urine and the faeces. Others mix the two, with the process requiring either evaporation of the liquid or the addition of substances such as sawdust, leaf mould, straw or grass clippings to soak up the liquid.
Urine, rather than faeces, contains the major bulk of plant nutrients worth recovering for reuse, including 90% of the nitrogen and 70% of the phosphorus. One advantage of modern composting toilets over conventional outhouses is that the latter leaches most nutrients into the groundwater, instead of saving them to be reused in agriculture or spread on the land. Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of geologic formations. ...
Possible health risks and aesthetic issues It can be hazardous to come into contact with improperly or incompletely composted human faeces, because it can contain bacteria and other pathogens associated with human disease. For this reason, human waste should not be used as fertilizer without ensuring that it is composted thoroughly. When composting, the pile temperature may achieve temperatures of 40°-50° Celsius. The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) in Wales recommends that in a cool temperate climate such as that experienced in the UK, where true thermophilic decomposition cannot be guaranteed, humanure should be allowed to break down for at least one year. They also advise that humanure should not be used as a fertiliser on crops that are directly handled and eaten, such as vegetables or salad leaves, but instead applied as a mulch around bush or tree fruits. Joseph Jenkins, author and proponent of humanure composting, recommends using composted humanure on any and all agricultural products. The Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) is an eco-centre in Wales dedicated to demonstrating and teaching sustainable development. ...
This article is about the country. ...
For the usage in virology, see temperate (virology). ...
Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ...
Salad Platter Salad is a term applied broadly to many food preparations that are a mixture of chopped or sliced ingredients. ...
In agriculture and gardening, mulch is a protective cover placed over the soil, primarily to modify the effects of the local climate. ...
A plum tree Flowering almond tree A fruit tree is a tree bearing fruit — the structures formed by the ripened ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. ...
For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ...
In some situations, the finished compost must be Pasteurized prior to disposal. Governments provide operational definitions of Pasteurization, which requires heating to a certain temperature for a certain time. In other situations, the finished compost must be sterilized, which requires more aggressive treatment and higher temperatures. Pasteurization is the process of heating food for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds, and yeasts. ...
Pasteurization (or pasteurisation) is the process of heating food for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds, and yeasts. ...
Many in the 'developed world' find the idea of a composting toilet to be unappealing, perhaps due to the health and hygiene issues raised above. However, as long as basic safety rules and common sense are used, the real risks associated with a composting toilet system should be no more significant than any other situation where there may be some level of fecal contamination (eg, using a WC style toilet, changing baby diapers, taking a bath, etc). Educating people about the safe use of composting toilets will be an important factor in their gaining acceptance in the developed world. It may also be worth noting that water-based toilets were originally viewed with the same type of suspicions when they replaced the chamber pot. A developed country is a country that has achieved (currently or historically) a high degree of industrialization, and which enjoys the higher standards of living which wealth and technology make possible. ...
Stacked chamber pots A chamber pot (also a john, a chamberpot, a jordan, a po (from French pot de chambre) or simply a potty) consists of a bowl-shaped container with a handle kept in the bedroom under a bed or in the cabinet of a nightstand and used as...
Some health departments will not approve composting toilets as an alternative to septic fields. A septic field may still be required for treatment of grey water even if a composting toilet is approved. Before making a significant investment, check with your local health department. Reputable manufacturers of composting toilets can, and usually will, help you deal with regulatory concerns. A health department is a part of government which focuses on issues related to the general health of the citizenry. ...
Septic drain fields are used to remove contaminants and impurities from the liquid that emerges from the septic tank. ...
Greywater is wastewater generated by household processes such as washing dishes, laundry and bathing. ...
Properly designed and sized in relation to use, composting toilets neither need power for processing nor use water, and will eventually reduce the solids to a final 1-2% of the added organic materials (faeces and toilet paper). True composting is a slow process and takes around 4-6 years and a variety of processes involving bacteria, fungi, worms and other micro- and macro-organisms. Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota The Fungi (singular: fungus) are a large group of organisms ranked as a kingdom within the Domain Eukaryota. ...
A worm is an elongated, slender, soft-bodied invertebrate animal. ...
A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ...
Ecologically, in the case of some of the more complex smaller systems it may be that the use of electricity should be weighed against the use of water within the context of a situation. In arid areas, water is probably more valuable than electricity while in wet areas, the opposite may be the case.
See also A chemical toilet is a toilet using chemicals to disinfect the waste instead of simply storing it in a hole, or piping it away to a sewage treatment plant. ...
Ecological Sanitation One person produces about 500 litres of urine and only 50 litres of faeces per year. ...
Male Latrine. ...
// Cobb Hill is an intentional community in Hartland, VT. Its design borrows from other community, agricultural, and environmental action models: cohousing, ecovillages, sustainable communities, agricultural collectives, sustainability research and action organizations. ...
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Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ...
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The 2000 Watt society is a vision, originated by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at the end of the 1998, in which each person in the developed world would cut their energy use to an average of no more than 2,000 Watts by the year 2050, without lowering...
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mAx IS THE COOLEST PERSON THAT EVER LIVED!!!!!!!!!!! (1990-<still alive>) ...
Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for power train concepts differing to the standard internal combustion engine concept used in gasoline- or diesel-fueled vehicles. ...
The Toyota RAV4 EV was powered by twenty-four 12 volt batteries, with an operational cost equivalent of over 165 miles per gallon at 2005 US gasoline prices. ...
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Bioalcohol is alcohol obtained from biological sources, not from petroleum. ...
In some countries, filling stations sell bio-diesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ...
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Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ...
Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: It mainly aims at using the whole plant to improve the CO2 balance and the costs. ...
There is a large number of public transport systems in European towns that fulfill several of the BRT criteria given above, but they are rarely designated as BRT. Bus lanes and exclusive use of key city-centre streets is commonplace, and bus priority on approach to traffic lights is quite...
Ecodriving is a term used in Europe to name initiative which support energy efficient use of vehicles. ...
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this is wikjipeda A streetcar drawing current from a single overhead wire, returning current through the rails and ground An electric locomotive, taking power through a pantograph An electric vehicle, or EV, is a vehicle with one or more electric motors for propulsion. ...
A Toyota Prius, one example of a hybrid electric vehicle. ...
A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept. ...
Sequel, a fuel cell-powered vehicle from General Motors A Hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle, such as an automobile, aircraft, or any other kind of vehicle that uses hydrogen as its primary source of power for locomotion. ...
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// Production battery electric vehicles (BEVs) like the GM EV1 and Chevrolet S10 EV, Chrysler TEVan, Honda EV Plus, Ford Ranger EV, Nissan Altra, Toyota RAV4 EV, and Solectria Force have been made available to the consumer market in very limited quantities and locations. ...
Skytrain Bangkok. ...
Simple sketch of pyrolysis chemistry Pyrolysis usually means the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. ...
Å koda 14 Tr trolleybus in Vilnius, Lithuania. ...
The Twike (TWin bIKE) is a Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) with hybrid human power as an option. ...
Ugandan bicycle taxi or bodaboda Utility cycling encompasses any cycling not done primarily for fitness, recreation such as cycle touring, or sport such as cycle racing, but simply as a means of transport. ...
Waste Vegetable Oil which has been filtered. ...
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A sustainable community energy system is an integrated approach to supplying a local community with its energy requirements from renewable energy or high-efficiency co-generation energy sources. ...
Modern technology uses large amounts of electrical power. ...
In thermodynamics, biological thermodynamics (Greek: bios = life and logikos = reason + Greek: thermos = heat and dynamics = power) or bioenergetics[1] is the study of energy transformation in the biological sciences. ...
Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of organic matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. ...
Switchgrass, a hardy plant used in the biofuel industry in the United States Rice chaff. ...
Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) is a form of waste processing. ...
In chemistry, a chemical bond is the force which holds together atoms in molecules or crystals. ...
Blue energy is the energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water with the use of osmosis or reverse electro dialysis (RED) with ion specific membranes. ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ...
Hydrogen production is done in bulk today from hydrocarbon fossil fuels via a chemical path. ...
Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland Geothermal power is the use of geothermal heat to generate electricity. ...
Deep lake water cooling uses cold water pumped from the bottom of a lake as a heat sink for climate control systems. ...
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Hydroelectricity is the worlds leading renewable energy source. ...
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation whereby the natural flow and elevation drop of a river are used to generate electricity. ...
Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that exploits the rise and fall in sea levels due to the tides, or the movement of water caused by the tidal flow. ...
Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ...
Wave power refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work - including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). ...
A nuclear power station. ...
An Inertial fusion power plant is intended to industrially produce electric power by use of inertial confinement fusion techniques. ...
The deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power. ...
Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ...
// A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generator which obtains its power from radioactive decay. ...
Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the sun. ...
Active solar is a term which refers to the use of solar energy to actively convert the energy in sunlight into other forms. ...
The Barra system, developed by Horazio Barra in Italy, is a passive solar building technology. ...
Central solar heating is the provision of central heating and hot water from solar energy by a system in which the water is heated centrally by arrays of solar thermal collectors (central solar heating plants - CSHPs) and distributed through district heating pipe networks (or block heating systems in the case...
Sharav Sluice Energy Tower An energy tower is a method for producing electrical power for consumer consumption, the brainchild of Dr. Phillip Carlson, which has been expanded upon by Professor Dan Zaslavsky. ...
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Solar panels are used in passive and active solar hot water systems Passive solar is a term referring to those technologies that can be employed to convert sunlight into usable heat, to cause air-movement for ventilation or cooling, or to store the heat for future use, without the use...
Passive solar building design involves the modeling, selection and use of appropriate passive solar technologies to maintain the building environment at a desired temperature range (usually based around human thermal comfort) throughout the suns daily and annual cycles. ...
Photovoltaic tree in Styria, Austria Photovoltaics, or PV for short, is a solar power technology that uses solar cells or solar photovoltaic arrays to convert light from the sun directly into electricity. ...
A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ...
A solar combisystem is a solar heating system that provides both space heating and hot water from a common array of solar thermal collectors, normally linked to an auxiliary non-solar heat source. ...
A laundromat in California with flat-plate solar water heating collectors on its roof. ...
A Solar pond is large-scale solar energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. ...
An artists depiction of a solar satellite, which could send energy wirelessly to a space vessel or planetary surface. ...
The solar power tower at Solar Two in California The solar power tower (also known as Central Tower power plants or Heliostat power plants or power towers) is a type of solar furnace using a tower to receive the focused sunlight. ...
Photovoltaic solar panels on a house roof. ...
Solar Shingles (or Photovoltaic Shingles) are a new type of solar energy system that, at first glance, look like regular asphalt shingles but are actually photovoltaic cells (PV). ...
Solar thermal energy is a technology for harnessing solar power for practical applications from solar heating to electrical power generation. ...
A backyard installation of passive single–axis trackers, DC rated at 2340 watts. ...
Schematic of a Solar updraft tower This article is about a type of power plant. ...
Passive solar design using an unvented trombe wall and summer shading A Trombe wall is a sun-facing wall built from material that can act as a thermal mass (such as stone, concrete, adobe or water tanks), combined with an air space, insulated glazing and vents to form a large...
Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) in its strictest sense refers to any waste treatment that creates energy in the form of electricity or heat from a waste source that would have been disposed of in landfill, also called energy recovery. ...
Worldwide installed capacity and prediction 1997-2010, Source: WWEA Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into more useful forms, usually electricity, using wind turbines. ...
Wind turbines in Neuenkirchen, Dithmarschen (Germany). ...
Horizontal-axis wind turbine, the Enercon model E-66 wind energy converter, in Germany. ...
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Energy storage is the storing of some form of energy that can be drawn upon at a later time to perform some useful operation. ...
NASA G2 flywheel Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as inertial energy. ...
Grid energy storage is the use of various energy storage techniques to complement electric power generation plants on the transmission grid. ...
Hydrogen storage is the main technological problem of a viable hydrogen economy. ...
A seasonal thermal store (also known as a seasonal heat store or inter-seasonal thermal store) is a store designed to retain heat deposited during the hot summer months for use during colder winter weather. ...
Thermal energy storage can refer to a number of technologies that store energy in a thermal reservoir for later reuse. ...
Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ...
Ecosystem services are processes by which the natural environment produces resources useful to people. ...
Ecovillages are intended to be socially, economically and ecologically sustainable intentional communities. ...
For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ...
Energy demand management is also known as demand side management (DSM). ...
Green Map of Cambridge, Massachusetts Green Maps are environmentally themed maps which are usually created as a grassroots effort with a symbol set licensed from the non-profit Green Map System. ...
Infrastructural capital refers to any physical means of production or means of protection beyond that which can be gathered or found directly in nature, i. ...
Permaculture Mandala summarising the ethics and principles of permaculture design. ...
World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Enlarge image to read exclusions. ...
Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ...
Simple living (or voluntary simplicity) is a lifestyle individuals may pursue for a variety of motivations, such as spirituality, health, or ecology. ...
Sustainable development is defined by its proponents as balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. ...
Sustainable living might best be defined as a lifestyle that could, hypothetically, be sustained unmodified for many generations without exhausting any natural resources. ...
The Natural Step is a systematic definition of sustainability developed by Swedish scientist, Karl-Henrik Robèrt. ...
The ton of oil equivalent (TOE) is a unit for measuring energy. ...
In economics, value of Earth is the ultimate in ecosystem valuation, and important to value of life calculations. ...
World power usage in terawatts (TW), 1980-2004. ...
Zoning in Permaculture design refers to a method of ensuring that elements are correctly placed. ...
Appropriate technology is technology that is appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. ...
The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Off-the-grid. ...
Cob building dated 1539 in Devon, England. ...
The albedo of several types of roofs Cool roofs are an effective alternative to bulk attic insulation under roofs in humid tropical and subtropical climates. ...
Earth covered farm houses in Keldur, Iceland. ...
Energy-efficient landscaping is a type of landscaping designed for the purpose of conserving energy. ...
Re-creation of Viking houses in Labrador Several grass roofs can be seen in the village of Bøur in the Faroe Islands. ...
Hypermodernity is a type, mode, or stage of society that reflects a deepening or intensification of modernity. ...
A low-energy-house is any type of house that uses less energy than a regular house. ...
One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt, Germany One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt The term Passive house (Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous, voluntary, Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings. ...
Rammed earth walls form part of the entrance building for the Eden Project in Cornwall, England. ...
Sheet composting is the process of composting organic matter directly onto the soil as a mulch and letting it decay there, rather than in a heap. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solar Tower. ...
Further detailed information formerly in this article was moved to Wikibooks in May 2006 Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses straw bales as structural elements, insulation, or both. ...
Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction and retrofitting. ...
When plotted on a logarithmic graph, 15 separate lists of paradigm shifts for key events in human history show an exponential trend. ...
A windcatcher (Badgir; بادگیر) is a traditional Persian architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. ...
Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals: environmental stewardship, farm profitability, and prosperous farming communities. ...
Subsistence farmers with a Treadle Pump. ...
Forest gardening (also known as 3-Dimensional Gardening) is a food production and land management system based on replicating woodland ecosystems, substituting trees (such as fruit or nut trees), bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables which have yields directly useful to mankind. ...
Humanure is a neologism designating human waste (feces and urine) that is recycled via composting for agricultural or other purposes. ...
This is a list of companion plant relationships. ...
This is a list of repellent plants. ...
Ancient technique re-introduced by Masanobu Fukuoka. ...
Vermicompost (also called worm compost, vermicast, worm castings, worm humus or worm manure) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by some species of earthworm. ...
Similar or related terms: Near zero energy building, Zero energy house, Near zero energy house A zero energy building (ZEB) can be described as structure with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. ...
It has been suggested that Green design be merged into this article or section. ...
Environmental design is the process of addressing environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. ...
Sustainable architecture is building design that takes into account all aspects of the building that will affect and be affected by the environment. ...
Sustainable landscape architecture is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of outdoor space. ...
Ecological economics is an approach to rather than a branch of economics that addresses the interdependence and co-evolution between human economies and natural ecosystems. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Green economics is an approach to economics in which the economy is considered to be a component of, and dependent upon, the natural world within which it resides and of which is it considered a part. ...
Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored in. ...
A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical future economy in which energy, for mobile applications (vehicles, aircraft) and electrical grid load balancing (daily peak demand reserve), is stored as hydrogen (H2). ...
A liquid nitrogen (LN2) economy is a hypothetical proposal for a future economy in which the primary form of energy storage and transport is liquid nitrogen. ...
A low-carbon economy is a future economy in which the use of carbon based fuels and carbon dioxide emissions from burning fuels are significantly reduced. ...
The triple bottom line, a. ...
The earliest mention of the phrase sustainable industries appeared in 1990 in a story about a Japanese group reforesting a tropical forest to help create sustainable industries for the local populace. ...
Parkland in Burkina Faso: Sorghum grown under Faidherbia albida and Borassus akeassii near Banfora, Burkina Faso Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. ...
Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems1 instead of traditional forestry that maximizes economic productivity. ...
Timber Exploitation of natural resources is an essential condition of the human existence. ...
Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use and harvest energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal — the complete building life cycle. ...
Green chemistry is a chemical philosophy encouraging the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ...
Green Computing is the design of technological and computing products that reduce the use of hazardous substances and radiation. ...
Natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. ...
This article is about a concept related to renewable energy, of which sustainable energy is a superset. ...
Sustainable forest management (SFM) is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development. ...
Sustainable procurement is a spending and investment process typically associated with public policy, although it is equally applicable to the private sector. ...
Girl on a bicycle in a car free area in Frankfurt Sustainable transport is a phrase which was coined in the late 20th century to describe all forms of transport which minimise emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants. ...
Sustainable waste · Living machines · Mycoremediation
| | Management | Commission on Sustainable Development · Human development theory · Intermediate Technology Development Group · Maldevelopment · Precautionary principle · Rio Declaration on Environment and Development · Rocky Mountain Institute · Sim Van der Ryn · Underdevelopment · World Business Council for Sustainable Development · World Summit on Sustainable Development | |
![A compost toilet facility viewed from outside. This structure was built entirely from recycled materials[1]](/encyclopedia/Image:Finished.jpg)
![A DIY compost toilet at Dial House, Essex, England, created at very low cost utilising an old school desk as the toilet unit [2]](/encyclopedia/Image:Composttoilet.jpg)
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