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In dentistry applications, pneumatic drills are lighter, faster and simpler than an electric drill of the same power rating (because the prime mover, the compressor, is separate from the drill and pumped air is capable of rotating the drill bit at extremely high rpm's).
Pneumatic devices are also used where electric motors cannot be used for safety reasons, such as mining applications where rock drills are powered by air motors to preclude the need for electric motors deep in the mine where explosive gases may be present.
Air is compressible, is considered to be a fluid, and most industrial applications use approximately 80 to 100 pounds per square inch (psi) (500 to 700 kilopascals)gauge pressure, as compared to hydraulics which are commonly used from 1,000 to 5,000 psi (0.7 to 3.5 MPa), and in some cases 10,000 psi (7 MPa) and higher.
Unfortunately, most compressedair systems are inherently inefficient, converting less that 20% of their energy input into useable compressedair.
Consequently, reducing unnecessary compressedair usage and improving the efficiency of the compressedair systems themselves are excellent energy-saving strategies.
Compressedair is often used because it is believed to be convenient, safe, and labor-saving.