Compulsive gambling is an urge or addiction to gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop. A preferred term among many professionals is problem gambling, as few people described by the term experience true compulsions in the clinical sense of the word. Problem gambling often is defined by whether harm is experienced by the gambler or others rather than by the gambler's behavior. Severe problem gambling may be diagnosed as clinical pathological gambling if the gambler meets certain criteria. Addiction is a compulsion to repeat a behaviour regardless of its consequences. ... Gambler redirects here, for other meanings see The Gambler // Gambling has had many different meanings depending on the cultural and historical context in which it is used. ... For other things named OCD, see OCD (disambiguation). ...

Pathological gambling

Extreme cases of problem gambling may cross over into the realm of mental disorders. Pathological gambling was recognized as a psychiatric disorder in the DSM-III, but the criteria were significantly reworked based on large-scale studies and statistical methods for the DSM-IV. As defined by American Psychiatric Association, pathological gambling is an impulse control disorder that is a chronic and progressive mental illness. The Scream, the famous painting commonly thought of as depicting the experience of mental illness. ... The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States and other countries. ... The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States and other countries. ... The American Psychiatric Association is a professional organization of psychiatrists whose members are American and international physicians who are trained in psychiatry. ... Impulse control disorder is a set of brain disorders including Intermittent Explosive Disorder (hot-headedness), Kleptomania (stealing), Pathological Gambling, Pyromania (fire-starting) and Trichotillomania (pulling ones hair out). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Pathological gambling is now defined as persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior meeting at least five of the following criteria, as long as these behaviors are not better explained by a manic episode:

1. Preoccupation. The subject has frequent thoughts about gambling experiences, whether past, future, or fantasy.
2. Tolerance. As with drug tolerance, the subject requires larger or more frequent wagers to experience the same "rush."
3. Withdrawal. Restlessness or irritability associated with attempts to cease or reduce gambling.
4. Escape. Subject gambles to improve mood or escape problems.
5. Chasing. Subject attempts to win back gambling losses with more gambling.
6. Lying. Subject attempts to hide the extent of his or her gambling by lying to family, friends, or therapists.
7. Loss of control. Subject has unsuccessfully attempted to reduce gambling.
8. Illegal acts. Subject has broken the law in order to obtain gambling money or recover gambling losses.
9. Risked significant relationship. The subject gambles despite risking or losing a relationship, job, or other significant opportunity.
10. Bailout. Subject turns to family, friends, or another third party for financial assistance as a result of gambling.

As with many disorders, the DSM-IV definition of pathological gambling is widely accepted and used as a basis for research and clinical practice internationally. Drug tolerance occurs when a subjects reaction to a drug (such as a painkiller or intoxicant) decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect. ... See: relational model personal relationship mathematical relationship, including: inverse relationship direct relationship relation (mathematics). ...

The most common instrument used to screen for "probable pathological gambling" behavior is the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) developed by Lesieur and Blume (1987) at the South Oaks Hospital in New York. This screen is undoubtedly the most cited instrument in psychological research liturature.

Incidence

According to the National Council on Problem Gambling, incidence of problem gambling is 2-3% and pathological gambling is 1% in the United States, though this may vary by country. By contrast, 86% of Americans have gambled in their lives and 60% gamble in a given year.

Available research seems to indicate that problem gambling is an internal tendency, and that problem gamblers will tend to risk money on whatever game is available—as opposed to the availability of a particular game inducing problem gambling in otherwise "normal" individuals. However research also indicates that problem gamblers tend to risk money on fast-paced games. Thus a problem gambler is much more likely to lose a lot of money on poker or slot machines, where rounds end quickly and there is a constant temptation to play again or increase bets, as opposed to a state lottery where the gambler must wait until the next drawing to see results. // Poker Room at the Trump Taj Mahal Poker is a card game, the most popular of a class of games called vying games, in which players with fully or partially concealed cards make wagers into a central pot, which is awarded to the player or players with the best combination... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A temptation is an act that looks appealing to an individual. ... A lottery is a popular form of gambling which involves the drawing of lots for a prize. ...

Dopamine agonists, in particular pramipexole (Mirapex), have been shown to cause compulsive gambling (PMID 16009751). Dopamine agonist is a synthetic drug that mimics the effect of the neurotransmitter dopamine. ... Pramipexole (Mirapex) is a medication used for treating Parkinsons disease. ...

See also

• Compulsive trading (in financial markets)
• Compulsive hoarding
• wikisource:The Rig Veda, Hymn 10.34 for a very early description of gambling addiction and its harmful effects.

Compulsive hoarding (or pathological hoarding) is a term which is used to describe extreme hoarding behaviour in humans. ...

External links

• Gamblers Anonymous
• Gambler's Help Southern - Australia
• National Center for Responsible Gaming
• GamblingHelper.com message board
• The Psychology of Gambling