Various computer display standards or display modes have been used in the history of the personal computer. They are often a combination of display resolution (specified as the width and height in pixels), color depth (measured in bits), and refresh rate (expressed in hertz). Associated with the screen resolution and refresh rate is a display adapter. Earlier display adapters were simple frame-buffers, but later display standards also specified a more extensive set of display functions and software controlled interface. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of common resolutions. ... This example shows an image with a portion greatly enlarged, in which the individual pixels are rendered as little squares and can easily be seen. ... A bit (binary digit) refers to a digit in the binary numeral system, which consists of base 2 digits (ie. ... The refresh rate (or vertical refresh rate, vertical scan rate for CRTs) is the number of times in a second that a display is illuminated. ... The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the SI unit of frequency. ...

Until recently, most computer monitors had a 4:3 aspect ratio and some had 5:4. Recently, monitors with 16:9 and 16:10 aspect ratios have become available, leading to new widescreen formats. Productive uses for such monitors, i.e. besides widescreen movie viewing and computer game play, are the wordprocessor display of two standard letter pages side by side, as well as CAD displays of large-size drawings and CAD application menus at the same time. The VESA industry organization has defined several standards related to power management and device identification. Ergonomy standards are set by the TCO. The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1. ... A word processor (also more formally known as a document preparation system) is a computer application used for the production (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of viewable or printed material. ... Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of a wide range of computer-based tools that assist engineers, architects and other design professionals in their design activities. ... The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) is an international body, founded in the late 1980s by NEC Home Electronics and eight other video display adapter manufacturers. ... Power management is a feature of some electrical appliances, especially copiers and computer peripherials, such as a monitor or printer that turns off the power or switches the system to a low-power state after a period of inactivity. ... The Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (Tjänstemännens Centralorganisation or TCO) is the umbrella organization for eighteen trade unions in Sweden that organise professional and other qualified employees within both the private and the public sectors. ...

Display standards comparison. Sizes are colored in blue, red, green, and purple to represent aspect ratio

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2560x2048, 244 KB) Summary Comparison between MOST known Video Resolutions including relevant Aspect Ratio Lines. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2560x2048, 244 KB) Summary Comparison between MOST known Video Resolutions including relevant Aspect Ratio Lines. ...

Standards

A number of common resolutions have been used with computers descended from the original IBM PC. Some of these are now supported by other families of personal computers. These are de-facto standards, usually originated by one manufacturer and reverse-engineered by others, though the VESA group has co-ordinated the efforts of several leading video display adapter manufacturers. Video standards associated with IBM-PC-descended personal computers include: The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) is an international body, founded in the late 1980s by NEC Home Electronics and eight other video display adapter manufacturers. ...

There also exist higher standards, such as QXGA and HXGA, with the highest resolution and de facto standard resulting from this nomenclature being WHUXGA at 7680 × 4800 pixels. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of common resolutions. ... This example shows an image with a portion greatly enlarged, in which the individual pixels are rendered as little squares and can easily be seen. ... The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1. ... Color depth is a computer graphics term describing the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer. ... Green screen driven by a Monochrome Display Adapter The Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA, also MDA card, Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, MDPA) introduced in 1981 was IBMs standard video display card and computer display standard for the PC. The MDA did not have any graphics mode of any kind... IBM PC (IBM 5150) with keyboard and green screen monochrome monitor (IBM 5151), running MS-DOS 5. ... The IBM PC/XT (also written PC-XT or PC XT), commonly referred to as the XT, was IBMs successor to the original IBM PC. It was released on March 8, 1983, and was one of the first computers to come standard with a hard drive. ... A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix kilo-, meaning 1000) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to either 1024 or 1000 bytes. ... VRAM an acronym for Video RAM. Generally a term used in computers to describe RAM dedicated to the purpose of displaying bitmap graphics in raster graphics hardware. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, or colloquially, Big Blue) (NYSE: IBM) (incorporated June 15, 1911, in operation since 1888) is headquartered in Armonk, New York, USA. The company manufactures and sells computer hardware, software, and services. ... A text mode program communicates with the user by only displaying text and possibly a limited set of predefined semi-graphical characters, which allow the drawing of rudimentary boxes around portions of text, either to highlight the content or to simulate widget or control interface objects found in GUI programs. ... Color depth is a computer graphics term describing the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer. ... The Color Graphics Adapter (CGA), introduced in 1981, was IBMs first color graphics card, and the first color computer display standard for the IBM PC. The standard IBM CGA graphics card was equipped with 16 kilobytes of video memory. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... IBM PC (IBM 5150) with keyboard and green screen monochrome monitor (IBM 5151), running MS-DOS 5. ... The Hercules Graphics Card (HGC) was a mid-1980s computer graphics controller which through its popularity became a de-facto display standard. ... Lotus 1-2-3 is a spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (now part of IBM). ... A killer application (commonly shortened to killer app) is a computer program that is so useful or desirable that it proves the value of some underlying technology, such as a gaming console, operating system, or piece of computer hardware. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is the IBM PC computer display standard specification located between CGA and VGA in terms of graphics performance (that is, colour and space resolution). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A palette, in computer graphics, is a designated subset of the total range of colours supported by a computer graphics system. ... Professional Graphics Controller was an IBM XT graphics card manufactured by IBM. It was very advanced, providing both 2D and 3D graphics accelerator for CAD applications. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Multicolor Graphics Adapter (MCGA) was the IBM name for what would later become part of the generic Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard. ... PS/2 can refer to: IBM Personal System/2, a series of post-PC computers sold by IBM starting in 1987. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a computer display standard first marketed in 1987 by IBM. VGA belongs to a family of earlier IBM video standards and largely remains backward compatible with them. ... A palette, in computer graphics, is a designated subset of the total range of colours supported by a computer graphics system. ... The 8514 is an IBM graphics computer display standard supporting a display resolution of 1024×768 pixels with 256 colours at 43. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... VGA redirects here. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mode X is an undocumented video graphics display mode of the IBM VGA graphics hardware that was popularized by Michael Abrash, first published in July 1991 in Dr. Dobbs Journal, republished in chapters 47-49 of Abrashs Graphics Programming Black Book, which is now freely available online in... Super Video Graphics Array, almost always abbreviated to Super VGA or just SVGA is a broad term that covers a wide range of computer display standards. ... The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) is an international body, founded in the late 1980s by NEC Home Electronics and eight other video display adapter manufacturers. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... XGA, the Extended Graphics Array, is an IBM display standard introduced in 1990. ... This article is about the year. ... A graphic which shows the resolution of QVGA compared to VGA. Click for actual size. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... SXGA is an abbreviation for Super eXtended Graphics Array referring to a standard monitor resolution of 1280 × 1024 pixels. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Truecolor (also spelled Truecolour; called Millions on a Macintosh) graphics is a method of storing image information in a computers memory such that each pixel is represented by three or more bytes. ... The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1. ... Unix or UNIX is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. ... SGI O2 Workstation A workstation, such as a Unix workstation, RISC workstation or engineering workstation, is a high-end technical computing desktop microcomputer designed primarily to be used by one person at a time, but can also be accessed remotely by other users when necessary. ... UXGA is an abbreviation for Ultra eXtended Graphics Accelerator referring to a standard monitor resolution of 1600 × 1200 pixels, which is exactly quadruple the default resolution of SVGA (800 × 600). ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Truecolor (also spelled Truecolour; called Millions on a Macintosh) graphics is a method of storing image information in a computers memory such that each pixel is represented by three or more bytes. ... WUXGA stands for Widescreen Ultra eXtended Graphics Array and is a display resolution of 1920×1200 pixels with a 16:10 screen aspect ratio. ... The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1. ... WQXGA (Wide Quad eXtended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of 2560×1600 pixels with a 16:10 aspect ratio. ... The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1. ... Wide XGA (WXGA) is a set of non standard resolutions derived from the XGA display standard by widening it to a wide screen aspect ratio. ... The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1. ... A screen resolution of 1440x900 is best described as WSXGA or WXGA+. It has an aspect ratio of 16:10/5:8 (widescreen) and a resolution falling between that of WXGA and WSXGA+, and can thus be thought of as either being an enhanced WXGA (e. ... A screen resolution of 1440x900 is best described as WSXGA or WXGA+. It has an aspect ratio of 16:10/5:8 (widescreen) and a resolution falling between that of WXGA and WSXGA+, and can thus be thought of as either being an enhanced WXGA (e. ... The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1. ... The QXGA display standard and its derivatives are relatively new (as of 2005) resolution standards in display technology. ... The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

Display resolution prefixes

Although the common standard prefixes super and ultra don't indicate specific modifiers to base standard resolutions, several others do:

Quarter (Q)

A quarter of the base resolution. E.g. QVGA, a term for a 320×240 resolution, half the width and height of VGA, hence the quarter total resolution. This prefix is usually for "Quad" in higher resolutions.

Wide (W)

The base resolution increased, and not lowered, for square or near-square pixels on a widescreen display, usually with an aspect ratio of either 16:9 or 16:10.

Quad(ruple) (Q)

Four times as many pixels compared to the base resolution, i.e. twice the horizontal and vertical resolution respectively.

Hex(adecatuple) (H)

Sixteen times as many pixels compared to the base resolution, i.e. four times the horizontal and vertical resolutions respectively.

Ultra (U)

eXtended (X)

These prefixes are also often combined, as in WQXGA or WHUXGA. Look up quarter in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Quarter Video Graphics Array (also known as Quarter VGA or QVGA) is a popular term for a computer display with 320x240 resolution. ... WQXGA (Wide Quad eXtended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of 2560×1600 pixels with a 16:10 aspect ratio. ... The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ...

Other resolutions

There are also some other 4:3 ratio resolutions such as 1400x1050 SXGA+ and unnamed ones like 1152x864 (sometimes referred to as XGA+). SXGA+ stands for Super eXtended Graphics Array and is a computer display standard. ...

See also

• Computer monitor
• Display resolution
• Liquid crystal display
• Plasma display
• Apple Macintosh
• IBM PC

Nineteen inch (48 cm) CRT computer monitor A computer display, monitor or screen is a computer peripheral device capable of showing still or moving images generated by a computer and processed by a graphics card. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of common resolutions. ... Reflective twisted nematic liquid crystal display. ... A plasma display panel (PDP) is an emissive flat panel display where visible light is created by phosphors excited by a plasma discharge between two flat panels of glass. ... The first Macintosh computer, introduced in 1984, upgraded to a 512K Fat Mac. The Macintosh or Mac, is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Computer. ... IBM PC (IBM 5150) with keyboard and green screen monochrome monitor (IBM 5151), running MS-DOS 5. ...

External links

• Screen size measures
• Display the resolution and color bit depth of your current monitor

Computer display standards	Size comparison
Video hardware
MDA | Hercules | CGA | EGA | VGA | MCGA | 8514 | XGA
Display resolutions
QVGA | VGA | SVGA | XGA | XGA+ | SXGA | SXGA+ | UXGA | QXGA | QSXGA | QUXGA | HXGA | HSXGA | HUXGA
Widescreen variants
WXGA | WSXGA/WXGA+ | WSXGA+ | WUXGA | WQXGA | WQSXGA | WHXGA | WHSXGA | WHUXGA | WQUXGA

This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, which is licensed under the GFDL. VPU redirects here. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2560x2048, 244 KB) Summary Comparison between MOST known Video Resolutions including relevant Aspect Ratio Lines. ... Green screen driven by a Monochrome Display Adapter The Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA, also MDA card, Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, MDPA) introduced in 1981 was IBMs standard video display card and computer display standard for the PC. The MDA did not have any graphics mode of any kind... The Hercules Graphics Card (HGC) was a mid-1980s computer graphics controller which through its popularity became a de-facto display standard. ... The Color Graphics Adapter (CGA), introduced in 1981, was IBMs first color graphics card, and the first color computer display standard for the IBM PC. The standard IBM CGA graphics card was equipped with 16 kilobytes of video memory. ... The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is the IBM PC computer display standard specification located between CGA and VGA in terms of graphics performance (that is, colour and space resolution). ... VGA redirects here. ... Multicolor Graphics Adapter (MCGA) was the IBM name for what would later become part of the generic Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard. ... The 8514 is an IBM graphics computer display standard supporting a display resolution of 1024×768 pixels with 256 colours at 43. ... XGA, the Extended Graphics Array, is an IBM display standard introduced in 1990. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of common resolutions. ... A graphic which shows the resolution of QVGA compared to VGA. Click for actual size. ... VGA redirects here. ... Super Video Graphics Array, almost always abbreviated to Super VGA or just SVGA is a broad term that covers a wide range of computer display standards. ... XGA, the Extended Graphics Array, is an IBM display standard introduced in 1990. ... XGA+ stands for eXtended Graphics Array Plus and is a computer display standard. ... SXGA is an abbreviation for Super eXtended Graphics Array referring to a standard monitor resolution of 1280 × 1024 pixels. ... SXGA+ stands for Super eXtended Graphics Array and is a computer display standard. ... UXGA is an abbreviation for Ultra eXtended Graphics Accelerator referring to a standard monitor resolution of 1600 × 1200 pixels, which is exactly quadruple the default resolution of SVGA (800 × 600). ... The QXGA display standard and its derivatives are relatively new (as of 2005) resolution standards in display technology. ... QSXGA (Quad Super eXtended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of roughly 2560×2048 pixels with a 5:4 aspect ratio. ... An acronym for Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array, it describes a display standard that can support a resolution up to 3840 x 2400 pixels, assuming a 1:33:1 aspect ratio. ... The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ... The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ... The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ... The inner box (green) is the format used in most pre-1952 movies and pre-widescreen television. ... Wide XGA (WXGA) is a set of non standard resolutions derived from the XGA display standard by widening it to a wide screen aspect ratio. ... A screen resolution of 1440×900 is best described as WSXGA or WXGA+. It has an aspect ratio of 16:10/8:5 (widescreen) and a resolution falling between that of WXGA and WSXGA+, and can thus be thought of as either being an enhanced WXGA (e. ... WSXGA+ stands for Widescreen Super eXtended Graphics Array and is a computer display standard. ... WUXGA stands for Widescreen Ultra eXtended Graphics Array and is a display resolution of 1920×1200 pixels with a 16:10 screen aspect ratio. ... WQXGA (Wide Quad eXtended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of 2560×1600 pixels with a 16:10 aspect ratio. ... (Wide Quad Super XGA) 3200×2048 6,553,600 total pixels ... The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ... The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ... The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ... The QXGA display standard and its derivatives are a relatively new (as of 2005) standard in display technology. ... The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (FOLDOC) is an online, searchable encyclopedic dictionary of computing subjects. ... GNU logo (similar in appearance to a gnu) The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free content, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. ...