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The term computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) was first coined by Greif and Cashman in 1984, at a workshop attended by individuals interested in using technology to support people in their work (Grudin 1994). According to Carstensen and Schmidt (2002), CSCW addresses "how collaborative activities and their coordination can be supported by means of computer systems." On the one hand, many authors consider that CSCW and groupware are synonyms. Ellis (1993) defines groupware as "computer-based systems that support groups of people engaged in a common task (or goal) and that provide an interface to a shared environment." On the other hand, different authors claim that while groupware refers to real computer-based systems, CSCW focuses on the study of tools and techniques of groupware as well as their psychological, social, and organizational effects. The definition of Wilson (1991) expresses the difference between these two concepts: 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A computer system consists of a set of hardware and software which processes data in a meaningful way. ...
Collaborative software, also known as groupware, is application software that integrates work on a single project by several concurrent users at separated workstations (see also Computer supported cooperative work). ...
Ellis may refer to: Ellis, Kansas Ellis Island This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Wilson is a variant of the name William and may refer to the following: People Alexander Wilson, US ornithologist A. N. Wilson, British author Angus Wilson, British author August Wilson, US playwright Brian Wilson, US pop musician Dennis Wilson, US rock and roll musician Edmund Wilson, US writer Edward Adrian...
- CSCW [is] a generic term, which combines the understanding of the way people work in groups with the enabling technologies of computer networking, and associated hardware, software, services and techniques.
== CSCW Support different time and place. == A lot of confusion in the field of CSCW raises from the different interpretations of the terms collaboration and cooperation. Once again, many authors simply consider both terms as synonyms, while others (cf. Dillenbourg, Baker et al. 1995) draw a distinction between them: Hardware is equipment such as fasteners, keys, locks, hinges, wire, chains, plumbing supplies, tools, utensils, cutlery and machine parts, especially when they are made of metal. ...
Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ...
Collaboration, literally, consists of working together with one or more others. ...
Co-operation refers to the practice of people or greater entities working in common with commonly agreed-upon goals and possibly methods, instead of working separately in competition. ...
- Cooperation and collaboration do not differ in terms of whether or not the task is distributed, but by virtue of the way in which it is divided; in cooperation the task is split (hierarchically) into independent subtasks; in collaboration cognitive processes may be (heterarchically) divided into intertwined layers. In cooperation, coordination is only required when assembling partial results, while collaboration is « ...a coordinated, synchronous activity that is the result of a continued attempt to construct and maintain a shared conception of a problem ».
The concept of cooperation is often used in relation to the concepts of coordination and communication. First, the splitting of a cooperative task into independent subtasks naturally leads to a need for coordination. In this context, coordination can be defined as "the management of dependencies between activities and the support of (inter) dependencies among actors" (Bordeau and Wasson 1997). Then, communication can be defined as a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviors. According to Brehmer (1991), "communication is the cement of the organization, and the greater the need for coordination and cooperation, the greater the necessity for communication." The regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation ...
Communication is the process of exchanging information usually via a common system of symbols. ...
Sign can denote any of the following: Within a writing system, a sign is a basic unit. ...
Behavior refers to the actions or reactions of an object or organism, usually in relation to the environment. ...
Examples
Tools used in the context of CSCW include Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Groupware | Telecommunications stubs ...
A screenshot of PowWow, one of the first instant messengers with a graphical user interface Instant messaging is the act of instantly communicating to two or more people over a network such as the Internet. ...
E-mail, or email, is short for electronic mail and is a method of composing, sending, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. ...
Collaborative software, also known as groupware, is application software that integrates work on a single project by several concurrent users at separated workstations (see also Computer supported cooperative work). ...
Wikibooks has more about this subject: Wiki Science A wiki is a web application that allows users to add content, as on an Internet forum, but also allows anyone to edit the content. ...
This article is about computer-aided design. ...
SCM is an acronym for Software Configuration Management, and relates to configuration management (CM). ...
References - Bannon, L. and K. Schmidt (1991). CSCW - four characters in search of a context. Studies in computer supported cooperative work - theory, practice and design. J. M. Bowers and S. Benford. Amsterdam, North Holland.
- Bordeau, J. and B. Wasson (1997). Orchestrating collaboration in collaborative telelearning. Artificial intelligence in education. B. Boulay and R. Mizoguchi, IOS Press: 565-567.
- Brehmer, B. (1991). Distributed decision making: some notes on the literature. Distributed decision making : cognitive models for cooperative work. J. Rasmussen, B. Brehmer and J. Leplat. Chichester, England ; New York, Wiley.
- Carstensen, P. H. and K. Schmidt (2002). Computer supported cooperative work: New challenges to systems design. Handbook of Human Factors. K. Itoh. Tokyo, [in press].
- Coleman, D. and R. Khanna (1995). Groupware : technologies and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall PTR.
- Dillenbourg, P., M. Baker, A. Blaye and C. O’Malley (1995). The Evolution of Research on Collaborative Learning. Learning in humans and machines. Towards an interdisciplinary learning science. P. Reimann and H. Spada. London, Pergamon: 189-211.
- Ellis, C. A., S. J. Gibbs and G. L. Rein (1991). "Groupware: some issues and experiences." Communications of the ACM 34(1): 38-59.
- Ellis, C. A., S. J. Gibbs and G. L. Rein (1993). Groupware some issues and experiences. Readings in groupware and computer-supported cooperative work. R. M. Baecker, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.
- Grudin, J. (1994). "Computer-supported cooperative work: Its history and participation." IEEE Computer 27(5): 19-26.
- Wilson, P. (1991). Computer supported cooperative work : an introduction. Oxford, England Norwell, MA, Intellect ; Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers.
External links See the ACM CSCW Conference Series and the European CSCW Conference Series |
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