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In the United States, concealed carry (a.k.a. CCW) is the right to carry a handgun or other weapon in public in a concealed manner. In some states, it applies only to the carry of firearms as all other weapons are expressly not covered by the right. Even as the number of states adopting legislation permitting this has grown, it has met with opposition. Currently, 48 U.S. states permit adults who have applied, have no criminal record, and (in some cases) meet training requirements to carry one or more handguns in a concealed manner. In some states the same permit may be used to openly carry a handgun. In others open carry is prohibited even with a permit. A few states do not require a permit to carry openly. A right is the power or privilege to which one is justly entitled or a thing to which one has a just claim. ...
A handgun is a firearm small enough to be carried and used in one hand. ...
In 39 of these states, issuing officials may not arbitrarily deny a permit application, a practice known as Florida-style "shall issue." A further eight states have "may issue" laws; typically specific "need" must be established, but in practice, this is often a mechanism to prohibit most people from carrying. These "may issue" states range from "shall issue" in practice (Alabama and Connecticut are examples) to "at the whim of local officials" (such as New York and California; rural officials in those states liberally issue permits but officials in urbanized counties generally are more restrictive) to "almost non-issue" in states such as Maryland where even documented death threats are sometimes not sufficient to convince officials to issue permits and to "never-issue" Hawaii, where permits are never issued under any circumstances. Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Montgomery Birmingham Area Ranked 30th - Total 52,423 sq. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Largest city Albany New York City Area Ranked 27th - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²) - Width 285 miles (455 km) - Length 330 miles (530 km) - % water 13. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Sacramento Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Largest city Annapolis Baltimore Area Ranked 42nd - Total 12,417 sq. ...
Official language(s) Hawaiian and English Capital Largest city Honolulu Honolulu Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 43rd 10,941 sq mi 28,337 km² n/a miles n/a km 1,522 miles 2,450 km 41. ...
Two states, (Vermont and Alaska), allow any non-felon who has reached the age of 16 or 21 respectively, to carry without a permit of any kind. However, Alaska residents may still obtain a completely optional, non-required permit so as to receive reciprocal carry rights in other states, or to gain exemption from the NICS background check. Official language(s) None Capital Largest city Montpelier Burlington Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 43rd 24 923 km² 130 km 260 km 3. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Juneau Anchorage Area Ranked 1st - Total 663,267 sq mi (1,717,854 km²) - Width 808 miles (1,300 km) - Length 1,479 miles (2,380 km) - % water 13. ...
A felony, in many common law legal systems, is the term for a very serious crime; misdemeanors are considered to be less serious. ...
NICS or National Instant Check System is a point of sale system that Federal Firearms License holders are required by law to use when conducting a sale to somebody. ...
As of 2006, only two US States—Wisconsin and Illinois—have no provision whatsoever that would allow for the legal concealed carry of firearms by "ordinary" citizens. There are currently movements in each of these states to pass concealed-carry laws; legislation was passed in 2004 and again in 2005, but vetoed by the respective governors. It is expected that Wisconsin will have a signed Concealed Carry law by the end of 2007. The Kansas legislature over-rode the governor's veto to pass CCW on March 23rd, 2006. Official language(s) None Capital Largest city Madison Milwaukee Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 23rd 169,790 km² 420 km 500 km 17 42°30N to 47°3N 86°49W to 92°54W Population - Total (2000) - Density Ranked 18th 5,453,896 38. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Springfield Chicago Area Ranked 25th - Total 57,918 sq. ...
Reciprocal recognition of concealed carry privileges vary by state to state, are negotiated by each state with each other state where reciprocity exists, and additionally depend, in some cases, on the residency status of individuals holding each state's concealed carry license. Presently, a license from most states, held by a resident of that state, is recognized in approximately 30 other states. In contrast, a license from most states, held by a non-resident of that state, is recognized in slightly fewer than 30 other states at present. Attempts have been made in the US House to pass legislation to force all states to recognize all other state's concealed carry licenses, much as driver's licenses are recognized in all other states besides the one where issued, but no corresponding attempts at such legislation have occurred in the US Senate. Carrying a weapon is an enormous responsibility. Training courses spend a considerable amount of time discussing the many aspects of liability should one actually use a handgun, even to defend oneself. Although state laws vary, almost any use that is allowed is solely as a last resort, when one fears that life is in danger, when escape or retreat are not options, and warnings are given and ignored. This liability is particularly present if the wearer brandishes the weapon, threatens to use a weapon, worsens a troubled situation (instead of calming it or simply leaving), or is under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Any criminal sanction for use of firearms can apply to the permit-holder as well as to the professional criminal. A firearm is a kinetic energy weapon that fires either a single or multiple projectiles propelled at high velocity by the gases produced by action of the rapid confined burning of a propellant. ...
Why carry? There are a variety of motivations people have for seeking a permit to carry a concealed weapon, most of which result from the culture of fear that currently prevails in the United States and is constantly reinforced by the mainstream media. Historically, judges have often allowed applicants who could prove they had a threatening job to have a permit to carry (including judges themselves, bailiffs, and security guards). A judge or justice is an official who presides over a court. ...
A Bailiff in a United States courtroom Bailiff (from Late Latin bajulivus, adjectival form of bajulus) is a governor or custodian (cf. ...
A security guard is a private person who is employed to protect property and people. ...
Those who could prove they were personally threatened were also often given permission to carry, such as a spouse threatened by their mate, notable or famous persons, and people who received death threats. These historical grants of permission rarely included a training requirement. More recently, with the growth of the concealed carry movement, many more people have sought a permit that would allow them to be armed in public. This could be for: - People who travel through high crime areas routinely
- Families who camp and fish in remote areas (including bear or mountain lion (panther) country)
- Women who feel safer as a trained handgun user
- People who work in remote areas or late at night
- People who own or work at businesses where defensive handguns are kept and meant to be used by employees when threatened
- People who in the course of their business must carry large sums of cash or other valuable items (such as jewelery or gemstones)
- People who enjoy various shooting sports and need to transport weapons for their sport while simultaneously meeting no open display state laws
- People who live in condominiums, desire firearms for self-defense, and who must cross commonly-owned areas for which no open display laws apply
- People who want the training in order to protect their business or property
- People who wish to take reasonable precautions to protect themselves from a general threat of criminal activity
- People who wish to transport firearms in their automobiles legally, but who may unknowingly cross within prohibited distances of school zones under Federal laws
- People who wish to protect their family
FBI Uniform Crime Report (1992) shows that 70% of violent crimes are committed by 7% of criminals, many of whom are on probation or are given parole and released early. Of incarcerated felons surveyed by the Department of Justice, 34% have been driven away, wounded, or captured by armed citizens; 40% state that they have decided against committing crimes for fear their would-be victims were armed. The shooting sports include those competitive sports involving tests of accuracy and speed when shooting various types of guns, including airguns. ...
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...
Probation is the suspension of a prison or jail sentence - the criminal who is on probation has been convicted of a crime, but instead of serving prison time, has been found by the Court to be amenable to probation and will be returned to the community for a period in...
Parole can have different meanings depending on the context. ...
A felony, in many common law legal systems, is the term for a very serious crime; misdemeanors are considered to be less serious. ...
Justice Department redirects here. ...
The FBI's statistics in the 1992 Uniform Crime Report also concluded: "Violent crime rates are highest overall in states with laws limiting or prohibiting the carrying of concealed firearms for self-defense." [1]Not a propper reference (just a blog) States offer selective reciprocity in this area. That is, a permit-holder in one state may be able to carry or transport a weapon in other states with a reciprocity agreement with the home state. Reciprocity does impose on the permit-holder the responsibility for knowing and understanding the differences in the laws between the states.
Arguments for greater restriction of concealed carry Opponents of concealed carry laws argue that permit requirements are not strict enough, and that law enforcement should have more discretion in issuing licenses when they believe it is in the interests of public safety. The counterclaim is that this creates inconsistent results and arbitrary rulings across the many jurisdictions of a state. A state-wide law, it is argued, should apply uniformly across the state. This issue produces considerable controversy in many states where a highly urbanized region wants more restrictive licensing compared to a larger rural area in favor of less restrictive licensing. Examples include northern Virginia, the Twin Cities (Minnesota), and Seattle (Washington). Another argument concerns restricting places where carrying is permitted, and, as one might expect, there are many variations in the state laws that result. Some prohibit any carrying on school grounds or in bars, others restrict carrying at public places (theaters, concert halls) or public events (polling places during elections, State Fairs, and others). Those opposed to concealed carry often make no distinction between "bars" (places where the consumption of alcohol is the primary activity) and "restaurants with a liquor license." Some states however, make this important distinction. For example, in Texas, you may not carry in any establishment which generates 51% or more of its revenue from the sale of alcohol for on-premises consumption. Another example is Florida, where you can carry in a restaurant that serves alcohol, just not in the bar section, or Virginia, which prohibits concealed-carry in businesses with a liquor license, but "open-carry" is allowed. In Florida, which first introduced Florida-style "shall-issue" concealed carry laws, crimes committed against residents dropped markedly upon the wide issuance of concealed carry permits. This had the unintended unfortunate side-effect of putting tourists in Florida driving marked rental cars at risk from criminals, since such individuals getting off airplanes invariably were not carrying concealed, unlike large numbers of residents. The counterclaim to this argument against permitting concealed carry was that the solution in Florida to this problem was simply to pass new laws prohibiting the obvious marking of rental cars, such that identification of individuals who would likely not be carrying concealed could not be easily determined by criminals intent on finding easy marks. With this change, protection was extended to visitors by inference, and crime rates continued to fall with the issuance of "shall-issue" concealed weapons permits.
Who carries? Statistics published by the various states give some indication of who and how many people acquire permits to carry concealed weapons. Some recent indicative statistics: - Permit-holders are predominantly male
- 85% male vs. 15% female in Florida, October 2004
- Over 50,000 women are licensed in Florida as of 2005
- The number of permit-holders is growing
- Michigan for example reports 30,000 applications July 2003-June 2004; other states vary but this is representative.
- The number of permit-holders is significant
- Florida has issued over 800,000 permits since adopting the law, and had 289,644 currently-licensed permit holders as of October 2004.
- State Police Reports show similar numbers: New York 530,000 (1997), Pennsylvania 575,000 (1998), Texas 235,000 (1999).
- Distribution by age is generally proportionate to the adult population
- Florida reports 26% are in the 21-35 age group, 36% are 36-50, 27% are 51-65, and 11% over age 66.
- The number of revocations of permits is very small.
- North Carolina reports 0.2% of their 263,102 holders had their permits revoked in the 10 years since they have adopted the law. Revocation is for any reason (such as DUI conviction) that may or may not involve a shooting incident or even being armed when the infraction occurred. This is a lower proportion than the crime rate among North Carolina police officers.
Of the 14,000 licensees in Oregon, they report only 4 (0.03%) were convicted of the criminal (not necessarily violent) use or possession of a firearm. Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Tallahassee Jacksonville Area Ranked 22nd - Total 65,794 sq. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Tallahassee Jacksonville Area Ranked 22nd - Total 65,794 sq. ...
Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Largest city Lansing Detroit Area Ranked 11th - Total 102,384 sq. ...
Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Largest city Albany New York City Area Ranked 27th - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²) - Width 285 miles (455 km) - Length 330 miles (530 km) - % water 13. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Largest city Harrisburg Philadelphia Area Ranked 33rd - Total 46,055 sq. ...
Official language(s) See: Languages of Texas Capital Largest city Austin Houston Area Ranked 2nd - Total 268,581 sq. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Raleigh Charlotte Area Ranked 28th - Total 53,865 sq. ...
Drunk driving (drink driving in the UK) or drinking and driving is the act of operating a motor vehicle after having consumed alcohol (i. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Largest city Salem Portland Area Ranked 9th - Total 98,466 sq. ...
Methods of carry At present, only five of the "shall issue" states require concealment; however, some localities require concealment by statute, or harass those who carry a weapon openly. Most permit-holders want to conceal their weapon in any case, if only to avoid inadvertently causing people to make "person with a gun" calls to the police. Concealment is usually achieved by a combination of a medium or small revolver or semi-automatic pistol, a good holster for the purpose, and sometimes a covering garment. All of these are adapted from police experience. The Colt Single Action Army, one of the most popular revolvers of all time A revolver is a multishot firearm, usually a handgun, in which the rounds are held in a revolving cylinder that rotates to fire them through a single barrel. ...
A Semi-automatic (also known as Self-loading) pistol is a type of handheld firearm, a kind of pistol. ...
A holster is a specialized article of clothing worn to hold a handgun about the person, most commonly in a location where it can be easily drawn for immediate use. ...
Changes in methods of concealment, however, are sometimes required upon crossing state boundaries, even when reciprocal recognition of CCW licenses exists between both states. For example, Florida requires concealment of handguns, and a pocket holster (front or rear trouser pocket), inside waistband (IWB) clip or holster, or ankle holster are all legal, provided appropriate covering garments are worn. Georgia, on the other hand, does not require concealment but does require that if carrying concealed, the handgun be carried in some type of holster, and does not permit an IWB clip.[2] Careful review of differences in state laws, despite the existence of reciprocal recognition of CCW licenses, should always be made prior to making any trips across state lines. Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Tallahassee Jacksonville Area Ranked 22nd - Total 65,794 sq. ...
A holster is a specialized article of clothing worn to hold a handgun about the person, most commonly in a location where it can be easily drawn for immediate use. ...
Preferred weapons for concealed carry There is such a wide variety of candidates to consider for concealed carry, it is impossible to generalize about a single "best" weapon. Most experts say the criteria for choice should be: - Legality: CCW Licenses for different states do not all permit the same choices of weapons. For example, in many states, a concealed carry license is good for any weapon that one wishes to carry concealed, be it a firearm, knife, a stun gun (Taser), etc. or even for multiple weapons (a primary, one or more back-ups, etc.). In other states, a concealed license is valid only for a firearm -- all other weapons and chemical deterrents and back-ups are expressly illegal. These differences especially become important for anyone with a CCW license that will be crossing state lines, even when reciprocal recognition of licenses exists between the two states in question. For the remainder of the following criteria, the assumption will be made that a firearm will be the primary weapon, and that anyone crossing state lines will have done all their homework prior to selecting a weapon based on these criteria.
- Reliability: The chief issue is reliability in the hands of the user that will carry the weapon. Thus, one's familiarity and training experience with handguns might mean that a 5- or 6-shot revolver is an excellent choice. A more experienced handgunner might prefer an 8- to 17-shot semi-automatic pistol. Such firearms feature more ammunition capacity, but also a more complex manual of arms, and require more extensive maintenance. Revolvers can be more reliable than semi-automatics, and continue to find a place in both home defense and concealed carry use. Shooting statistics show that the 5- or 6- round capacity of most revolvers is sufficient to handle the typical personal protection incident. Semi-automatics are inherently more complex than revolvers, and may malfunction if not kept properly maintained and clean. Most revolvers will operate even if they are not maintained well or are seldom fired. However, semi-automatics may have an advantage for concealed carry, especially those with single column magazines, as many such designs are smaller with more streamlined profiles that conceal more easily and are less likely to catch on clothing. The choice of revolver or semi-automatic largely comes down to personal preference, as well as one's willingness to maintain the weapon and practice shooting with it.
- Safety: The semi-automatic weapon should have modern features to prevent accidental discharge, and have one or more safety devices that require an intentional trigger pull to make the gun discharge. These can include a squeeze (grip) safety in the backstrap, trigger safety, magazine disconnector, loaded chamber indicator, and a decocking lever. Double action revolvers have no built-in safety devices; the heavy trigger pull required to cock and then fire the weapon prevents accidental discharges associated with dropping or mishandling the gun. Single-action revolvers are rarely carried concealed, but when carried openly or concealed, normally the hammer is left down on an empty chamber. Many guns manufactured after the late 1990's include state-mandated integral locking mechanisms that must be deactivated by a unique key before the gun can be discharged. Such mechanisms are primarily intended as child-safety devices for use during unattended storage of the weapon, not as safety mechanisms to be used while carrying the gun.
- Types of operation: typical modes of operation/carry are a stiff double action trigger pull with the safety off (Beretta 92), a double action with no external safety (SIG-Sauer P-series, or Kel-Tec P-32), or a crisp single action trigger pull with a manual safety on (M1911 and certain configurations of the HK USP). An alternative are striker-fired or "safe action" type weapons which offer a consistent trigger pull that requires the application of pulling force greater than required by a single action design, but lighter than needed for a double action trigger. Many such weapons do not have an external safety or external hammer (GLOCK pistols and the Walther P99 and variants). Other designs do feature an external safety, such as a grip safety (Springfield Armory XD Series). Appropriate holster selection and training is always important, but is especially critical to ensure the safe carry of striker-fired weapons such as the GLOCK. GLOCK pistols have no external safety; when you pull the trigger, the gun will fire.
- Fit to the individual's hand, strength, body size, and clothing limitations: For example, a 110 lb (50 kg) person may not be able to use a high-recoil weapon accurately and may not be able to easily conceal a large weapon. Such a person might find a .32 S&W Long caliber revolver, well-regarded for its accuracy and low-recoil, to be an especially effective choice despite its reputation for being slightly underpowered. It was the standard police sidearm weapon in New York City from around 1915 until approximately 1934, when it was replaced by the .38 Special revolver. Larger individuals should probably consider a .38 Special caliber, or equivalently a 9 mm caliber, as the minimal caliber of choice for personal defence. For summertime use, though, when the amount of clothing for concealment is usually greatly reduced, a 32 ACP or 380 ACP semi-automatic with a single column magazine can often provide a good compromise between being able to carry concealed successfully versus not carrying at all, while still having nearly the same stopping-power as a .38 Special or 9 mm.
- Sufficient power: Many claim that a 9 mm pistol should be considered the minimum caliber of choice for personal protection. Accurate "shot placement" into the vital body parts of an attacker can, to some degree, ameliorate the disadvantages of using a weaker caliber. Ammunition cost (expensive ammunition discourages regular practice), ready commercial availability, and controllable recoil, are also important considerations in caliber selection. Since the 9mm cartridge is one of the least expensive, most commonly available, and low-recoil cartridges, this further supports the arguments for considering a 9mm pistol.
Popular concealed carry calibers, in increasing power order are .32 S&W Long, 32 ACP, 380 ACP (9 x 17 mm, 9 mm Kurz), .38SPL, 9 mm Makarov, 9mm, .40 S&W, .357 SIG, .45 GAP, .45 ACP, .357 magnum, and 10 mm Auto. Summary An electroshock gun or stun gun, is a weapon used for subduing a person by administering an electric shock. ...
In a single column magazine, the rounds are stacked one on top of the other. ...
A US Army 45 Colt. ...
The Beretta 92SB-F (later renamed Beretta 92F), Beretta 92FS, Beretta 92G, and Beretta 92FS Inox are a series of semi-automatic, locked-breech delayed recoil operated, double/single action pistols, chambered for the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge, designed and manufactured by Beretta. ...
SIGARMS is the American incarnation of Swiss manufacturing firm Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG), a company most famous for its firearms, as SIG Arms AG. SIGARMS was set up in 1985 in order to manufacture and import SIGs firearms into the USA, although as of 2000 it has been a...
The Kel-Tec P-32 is a compact self-loading, or semi-automatic, locked-breech pistol that is extremely popular as a deep concealment weapon among civilians licensed to carry concealed firearms in the US. [1] It is believed to have been designed almost entirely by George Kelgren, the innovative...
A US Army 45 Colt. ...
The M1911 is a single action, semi-automatic handgun, chambered for the . ...
HK USP in caliber 9 mm Parabellum The Heckler & Koch USP (German Universelle Selbstladepistole, Universal Self-loading Pistol) is a pistol designed by the German arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch. ...
Glock is an Austrian defense contractor (named after the founder Gaston Glock) founded in 1963 in Deutsch-Wagram, near Vienna, Austria. ...
The Walther P99 is a pistol made in Germany by Walther Sportwaffen. ...
The Springfield Armory XD-9 (Extreme Duty 9 mm) is the US version of the Croatian HS 2000, the military sidearm of the Croatian army. ...
.303 in. ...
1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
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ball and hollowpoint 9mm Luger rounds are popular handgun ammunition. ...
The . ...
The . ...
In a single column magazine, the rounds are stacked one on top of the other. ...
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ball and hollowpoint 9mm Luger rounds are popular handgun ammunition. ...
ball and hollowpoint 9mm Luger rounds are popular handgun ammunition. ...
.303 in. ...
The . ...
The . ...
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9 x 18 mm PM is a Soviet pistol and submachine gun cartridge. ...
ball and hollowpoint 9mm Luger rounds are popular handgun ammunition. ...
The . ...
two 357 SIG rounds & a 9 mm for comparison The 357 SIG pistol cartridge is the product of the famous Swiss firearms manufacturer SIG/SAUER, in cooperation with the American ammunition manufacturer Federal Cartridge. ...
The . ...
The . ...
The . ...
The 10 mm Auto cartridge is a powerful and versatile chambering for semi-automatic pistols, developed by ammunition manufacturer FFV Norma AB of Ã
motfors, Sweden, and introduced in 1983 in the ill-fated Bren Ten pistol. ...
Concealed carry issues of interest The term gun politics refers to the various public policy debates surrounding the freedom or restriction (gun rights versus gun control) of private ownership and usage of firearms, and to what extent such policy influences crime and the balance of power between the individual and the state. ...
The shooting sports include those competitive sports involving tests of accuracy and speed when shooting various types of guns, including airguns. ...
Reloading is the process in which used firearm brass (i. ...
Shooting is the act of causing a gun to fire at a target. ...
The shooting sports include those competitive sports involving tests of accuracy and speed when shooting various types of guns, including airguns. ...
Practical shooting is a sport which challenges an individuals ability to shoot rapidly and accurately with a full power handgun, rifle, and/or shotgun. ...
A shooting range is a facility designed for firearms practice. ...
A shooting range is a facility designed for firearms practice. ...
Personal safety is the safety of an individual. ...
Training Most states impose a training requirement that must be completed successfully in order to receive a permit. These usually can be completed in 1-2 days, and almost all have both a classroom and a range component. Classroom topics typically include: firearm mechanics and terminology, concealed carry legislation and limitations, liability issues, carry methods and safety, home defense, methods for managing and defusing confrontational situations, and practice methods. At the range, students will practice shooting a target from a standing position, and may practice shooting from cover. Most require a certain proficiency to receive a passing grade.
References - Florida Today article on shooting ranges (with video links of tourists firing handguns at a modern, new, public range near Kennedy Space Center)
Merritt Island and Kennedy Space Center The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the NASA space vehicle launch facility (spaceport) at Cape Canaveral on Merritt Island in Florida, United States. ...
External links - For concealed carry laws, applications, and information by state: http://www.packing.org
- For maps illustrating concealed carry law adoption over time: http://www.gun-nuttery.com/rtc.php
- For shooting sports information: National Shooting Sports Federation, http://www.nssf.org
- For training and instruction: National Rifle Association, http://www.nra.org
- For defensive shooting training and competition: International Defensive Pistol Association, http://www.idpa.com
- Concealed Carry Forum in Ohio
- Concealed Carry Forum in Oregon
- Concealed Carry Forum in Texas
- Concealed Carry Forum in Utah
- CaliforniaCCW.org Concealed carry activism and information forum for California
- A friendly, safe forum web site devoted primarily to all aspects of Proper Legal Concealed Carry, http://combatcarry.com This site covers Self & Home Protection ~ Holster Selection ~ etc., and features a strong emphasis on polite respect for fellow forum members. All new and seasoned Concealed Carry persons are equally as welcome to participate or to just register and read the extensive topics of discussion.
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