"Prayer of the Bar Confederates." Painting by Artur Grottger.

The Bar Confederation (Polish Konfederacja barska) (1768–1776) was an association of Polish szlachta formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against aggression from the Russian Empire and against King Stanisław August Poniatowski and Polish reformers who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's magnates (wealthy szlachta or nobility). The founders of the Bar Confederation included the magnates Adam Krasiński, Bishop of Kamenets, Kazimierz Pułaski and Michał Krasiński. Despite several victories against the Russians, the Confederation succeeded only in helping to precipitate the First Partition of Poland. Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Artur_Grottger_Modlitwa_Konfederatow_Barskich. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Artur_Grottger_Modlitwa_Konfederatow_Barskich. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the year 1776. ... Polish szlachcic. ... Bar is a town in Ukraine at the Rov river in Podolia. ... Historical arms of Podolia The region of Podolia (Ukrainian: Podillya, Polish: Podole) lies in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine that correspond to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... For other persons named StanisÅ‚aw Poniatowski, see StanisÅ‚aw Poniatowski. ... For a wealthy or powerful business baron, executive, or tycoon, see business magnate Magnate is a title of nobility commonly used in Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and some other medieval empires. ... Polish szlachcic. ... Kamenets Podolskiy (Ukrainian Камянець-Подільський Kamyanets Podilskyy, Polish Kamieniec Podolski, Yiddish קאַמענעץ Kamenets, Latin Camenecium) is a town in south-western Ukraine, the traditional capital of the historical region of Podolia. ... For things named to honor Kazimierz Pułaski, see: Pulaski (disambiguation). ... The Partitions of Poland (Polish Rozbiór or Rozbiory Polski) happened in the 18th century and ended the existence of a sovereign state of Poland (or more correctly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ...

History

King Stanisław August was at first inclined to mediate between the Confederates and Russia, represented by her envoy to Warsaw, Prince Nikolai Repnin; but finding this impossible, he sent a force against them under Grand Hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki and two generals, who captured Bar. However, the simultaneous outbreak of the Koliyivschina in Ukraine stimulated the extension of the Confederation throughout the eastern provinces of Poland and even into Lithuania. The Confederates appealed for help from abroad and contributed to bringing about war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. So serious did the situation become that King Frederick II of Prussia advised Tsarina Catherine II of Russia to come to terms with the Confederates. Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ... Coat of arms of the Repnin family Repnin (Russian: Репнин), the name of an old Russian princely family of Rurikid stock. ... Hetman (from Czech: hejtman, German: Hauptmann, Old Slavonic vatamman, Turkish: Ataman) was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Noble Family Branicki Coat of Arms Korczak Parents Piotr Branicki Melania Teresa Szembek Consorts Aleksandra von Engelbrandt Children with Aleksandra von Engelbrandt Katarzyna Branicka Aleksander Branicki Władysław Grzegorz Branicki Zofia Branicka Elżbieta Branicka Date of Birth 1730 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death April, 1819 Place of Death Biała Cerkiew... Bar is a town in Ukraine at the Rov river in Podolia. ... Jump to: navigation, search Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli... Jump to: navigation, search Frederick II of Prussia (January 24, 1712–August 17, 1786) was a king of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty, reigning from 1740 to 1786. ... Jump to: navigation, search H.I.M. Yekaterina II Alexeyevna the Great, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias Catherine II (Russian: , tr. ...

Confederation bands under Ignacy Malczewski, Michał Pac and Prince Karol Radziwiłł ravaged the land in every direction, won several engagements with the Russians, and at last, utterly ignoring the King, sent envoys on their own account to the principal European powers. In 1770 the Council of the Confederation transferred from its original seat in Silesia to Hungary, whence it conducted diplomatic negotiations with France, Austria and Turkey with a view to forming a league against Russia. The court of Versailles sent Charles François Dumouriez to act as commander-in-chief of the Confederates, but neither as a soldier nor as a politician did this adroit adventurer particularly distinguish himself, and his account of his experiences does great injustice to the Confederates. Konfederacja (Polish for confederation) was a temporary association formed by Polish nobility (szlachta), clergy or cities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for the attainment of stated aims. ... Noble Family Radziwiłł Coat of Arms Trąby Parents Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł Urszula Franciszka Wiśniowiecka Consorts Maria Karolina Lubomirska Teresa Karolina Rzewuska Children none Date of Birth February 27, 1734 Place of Birth Nieśwież Date of Death November 21, 1790 Place of Death Biała For other people to use this name... 1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Silesia (-Latin, Polish ÅšlÄ…sk, German Schlesien, Czech Slezsko) is a historical region in central Europe. ... Jump to: navigation, search Versailles in 1789. ... Charles François Dumouriez Général Dumouriez Charles François Dumouriez (January 25, 1739 - March 14, 1823) was a French general. ...

Among other blunders, he pronounced King Stanisław August a tyrant and traitor at the very moment when he was about to accede to the Confederation. The king thereupon reverted to the Russian faction, and the Confederation lost the confidence of Europe. Nevertheless its army, thoroughly reorganized by Dumouriez, gallantly maintained the hopeless struggle for some years; the last traces of it did not disappear until 1776. Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the year 1776. ...

References

• Aleksander Kraushar, Książę Repnin i Polska w pierwszem czteroleciu panowania Stanisława Augusta (1764-1768), (Prince Repin and Poland in the first four years of rule of Stanislaw August (1764-1768))
  • 2nd edition, corrected and expanded. vols. 1-2, Kraków 1898, G. Gebethner i Sp.
  • Revised edition, Warszawa: Gebethner i Wolff; Kraków: G. Gebethner i Spółka, 1900.
• F. A. Thesby de Belcour, The Confederates of Bar (in Polish) (Cracow, 1895)
• Charles Francois Dumouriez, Mémoires et correspondance (Paris, 1834).

Original text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Jump to: navigation, search Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ...