A congener (from Latin roots meaning born together or within the same race or kind) is applied in biology to mean organisms within the same genus; in chemistry to mean a chemical that is in some way related to another e.g., a derivative or an element in the same group of the periodic table; in the alcoholic beverage industry to impurities produced during fermentation; and in colloquial speech and literature to mean a person or thing like another in character or action. Biology is the study, or science, of life. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a grouping in the classification of living organisms having one or more related and morphologically similar species. ... Chemistry (derived from the Arabic word kimia, alchemy, where al is Arabic for the) is the science that deals with the properties of organic and inorganic substances and their interactions with other organic and inorganic substances. ... The periodic table of the chemical elements, also called the Mendeleev periodic table, is a tabular display of chemical elements, first created in 1869 by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. ... Bottles of cachaça, a Brazilian alcoholic beverage. ... In its strictest sense, fermentation (formerly called zymosis) is the anaerobic metabolic breakdown of a nutrient molecule, such as glucose, without net oxidation. ... A colloquialism is an informal expression, that is, an expression not used in formal speech or writing. ... ...

Biology

Congeners within the same geographical region can compete with one another so many adaptations can be observed that mitigate this pressure on populations.

Chemistry

• There are 209 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls, (PCB).
• Congeners of oleic acids can modify cell membrane behavior protecting against tumors or having effects on blood pressure.

Labelling transformers containing PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms are attached to biphenyl and a general structure of C12H10-xClx. ... Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in various animal and vegetable sources. ... Drawing of a cell membrane A component of every biological cell, the selectively permeable cell membrane (or plasma membrane or plasmalemma) is a thin and structured bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that envelopes the cell. ...

Fermentation

Congeners are responsible for most of the taste, aroma and color of alcoholic beverages. These substances also contribute to the symptoms of a hangover. A hangover or veisalgia is the unpleasant physical effects following heavy consumption of alcohol or the use of drugs. ...