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Coordinates: 45°26′21″N, 10°59′39″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
The Congress of Verona met at Verona on October 20, 1822 as part of the series of international conferences or congresses that opened with the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which had instituted the Concert of Europe at the close of the Napoleonic Wars. This article is about the city in Italy. ...
is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ...
The Concert of Europe also known as the Congress System was the result of a custom, following the era of Napoleon and the French Revolution, adopted by the old great powers of Europe of meeting from time to time in an International Conference, or Congress, in order to plan a...
Combatants Austria[a] Portugal Prussia[a] Russia[b] Sicily[c] Sardinia Spain[d] Sweden[e] United Kingdom French Empire Holland[f] Italy Etruria[g] Naples[h] Duchy of Warsaw[i] Confederation of the Rhine[j] Bavaria Saxony Westphalia Württemberg Denmark-Norway[k] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack...
The Quintuple Alliance was represented by the following persons: The Quintuple Alliance came into being at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818, when France joined the Quadruple Alliance created by Russia, Austria, Prussia and Britain to uphold the European peace settlement concluded at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. ...
Alexander I of Russia (Russian: ÐлекÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ I ÐÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ / Aleksandr I Pavlovich) (December 23, 1777 â December 1?, 1825) served as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and Ruler of Poland from 1815 to 1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland. ...
Count Karl Robert Nesselrode (December 14, 1780 - March 23, 1862) was a Russian diplomat and a leading European conservative statesman of the Holy Alliance. ...
Klemens Wenzel von Metternich Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg-Beilstein (May 15, 1773 â June 11, 1859) was an Austrian politician, statesman and one of the most important diplomats of his era. ...
For other uses, see Prussia (disambiguation). ...
Karl August von Hardenberg Karl August Fürst von Hardenberg (en: Prince Charles Augustus von Hardenberg) (May 31, 1750 - November 26, 1822), was a Prussian statesman. ...
Count Christian Gunther von Bernstorff (April 3, 1769 – March 18, 1835) was a Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat, son of Count Andreas Peter von Bernstorff. ...
Matthieu Jean Felicité de Montmorency-Laval, duc de Montmorency-Laval (July 10, 1766 - March 24, 1826), was a French politician, who accompanied his father, the vicomte de Laval, in America, and returned to France imbued with democratic opinions. ...
François-René de Chateaubriand, painting by Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson, beginning of 19th century. ...
Italic text His Grace Field Marshal the Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ...
Lord Castlereagh Foreign Secretary 1812â1822 Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry, KG, GCH, PC (18 June 1769 in Dublin â 12 August 1822 at Loring Hall, Kent), known until 1821 by his courtesy title of Viscount Castlereagh, was an Anglo-Irish politician born in Dublin who represented the United Kingdom...
Issues
While the representatives of the United Kingdom and the European powers had at first, during the Congress of Vienna, acted largely in concert, the extent to which the concord epitomized in the expression the "Concert of Europe" had unraveled in seven years became apparent in the way in which the two main questions before this Congress were handled. The instructions drawn up by Londonderry, as he then was, for his own guidance, had been handed to Wellington by George Canning without alteration. They defined the United Kingdom's position towards the three questions which it was supposed would be discussed: the Turkish Question (currently surfacing in the Greek insurrection), the question of intervention in favor of the Bourbon royal power in Spain and the revolted Spanish colonies, and the Italian Question. George Canning (11 April 1770 â 8 August 1827) was a British statesman and politician who served as Foreign Secretary and, briefly, Prime Minister. ...
This article is about a type of political territory. ...
Italian Question The matter of the Italian Question, dealt with the continued Austrian rule in Northern Italy; since the United Kingdom could not undertake to support a system in which she had merely acquiesced, Wellington did not even formally present his credentials until the other Powers had disposed of the matter, a British minister (Castlereagh's half-brother and successor in the Londonderry title) attending merely to keep informed and to see that nothing was done inconsistent with the European system and the treaties. (See History of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtiroll and Irredentism.) Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol[1] (Italian: Trentino-Alto Adige; German: Trentino-Südtirol; Ladin: Trentin-Adesc Aut, also Trentin-Sudtirol [2][3]) is an autonomous region in Northern Italy. ...
irredentism is position advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds of common ethnicity and/or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. ...
Turkish Question In the Turkish Question, the probable raising of which had alone induced the British government to send a minister plenipotentiary to the Congress, Wellington was instructed to suggest the eventual necessity for recognizing the belligerent rights of the Greeks, and, in the event of concerted intervention, to be careful not to commit the United Kingdom, beyond a supporting role. (See Greek War of Independence.) The term plenipotentiary (from the Latin, plenus + potens, full + power) refers to, as a noun, a person who has, or as an adjective that confers, full powers. ...
Belligerents Greek revolutionaries United Kingdom France Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Egyptian Khedivate Commanders Theodoros Kolokotronis Alexander Ypsilanti Andreas Miaoulis Georgios Karaiskakis â Omer Vryonis Mahmud Dramali Pasha ReÅid Mehmed Pasha Ibrahim Pasha. ...
As for Russia and Austria, the immediate problems arising out of the Turkish Question had, however, already been privately settled between the emperor Alexander and Metternich, to their mutual satisfaction, at the preliminary conferences held at Vienna in September. For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ...
Spanish Question When the plenipotentiaries met in Verona, the only question raised was the Spanish Question, of the proposed French intervention in Spain, in which Wellington's instructions were to express the uncompromising opposition of the United Kingdom to the whole principle of intervention. The discussion was opened by three questions formally propounded by Montmorency: - Would the Allies withdraw their ministers from Madrid in the event of France being compelled to do so?
- In case of war, under what form and by what acts would the powers give France their moral support, so as to give to her action the force of the Quintuple Alliance, and inspire a salutary fear in the revolutionaries of all countries?
- What material aid would the powers give, if asked by France to intervene, under restrictions which France would declare and they would recognize?
A series of gilt-copper medals apparently struck in England represent participants of the Congress in less than flattering lights: the "Count de Chateaubriand" (Ludwig Ernst Bramsen, Médallier) bears an inscription that offers the British view of the French position in a nutshell: THE KING OF FRANCE MY MASTER DEMANDS THE FREEDOM OF FERDINAND VII TO GIVE HIS PEOPLE INSTITUTIONS WHICH THEY CANNOT HOLD BUT FROM HIM, while the emperor Francis I of Austria asserts MY TROOPS OCCUPY NAPLES TO CHASTISE THE NEAPOLITANS FOR DARING TO CHANGE THEIR CONSTITUTION. The Quintuple Alliance came into being at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818, when France joined the Quadruple Alliance created by Russia, Austria, Prussia and Britain to uphold the European peace settlement concluded at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. ...
Francis II Francis I Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, who may also be referred to as Francis von Habsburg or Emperor Franz I of Austria (February 12, 1768 - March 2, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the Empire was disbanded. ...
The reply of Alexander, who expressed his surprise at the desire of France to keep the intervention wholly French, was to offer to march 150,000 Russians through Germany to Piedmont, where they could be held ready to act against any Jacobins, whether in Spain or France. This solution appealed as little to Metternich and Montmorency as to Wellington; but though united in opposing it, four days of confidential communications revealed a fundamental difference of opinion. Wellington, firmly based on the principle of non-intervention, refused to have anything to do with the suggestion, made by Metternich, that the powers should address a common note to the Spanish government in support of the action of France. Finally, Metternich proposed that the Allies should hold a common language, but in separate notes, though uniform in their principles and objects. This solution was adopted by the continental powers; but Wellington, in accordance with his instructions not to countenance any intervention in Spanish affairs, took no part in the conferences that followed. On October 30 the powers handed in their formal replies to the French memorandum. Piedmont is a region of northwestern Italy. ...
In the context of the French Revolution, a Jacobin originally meant a member of the Jacobin Club (1789-1794), but even at that time, the term Jacobins had been popularly applied to all promulgators of extreme revolutionary opinions: for example, Jacobin democracy is synonymous with totalitarian democracy. ...
is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Russia, Austria and Prussia would act as France should in respect of withdrawing their ministers, and would give to France every assistance she might require, the details to be specified in a treaty. Wellington, on the other hand, replied on behalf of the United Kingdom that having no knowledge of the cause of dispute, and not being able to form a judgment upon a hypothetical case, he could give no answer to any of the questions. Thus was proclaimed the open breach of the United Kingdom with the principles and policy of the Quintuple Alliance, as it had become with the admission of France in 1818, which development is what gives to the congress its main historical interest. The ensuing French intervention ended with the Battle of Trocadero, which reinstated Ferdinand VII of Spain and opened a reactionary period of Spanish and European politics that led to the Year of Revolutions, 1848. The Quintuple Alliance came into being at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818, when France joined the Quadruple Alliance created by Russia, Austria, Prussia and Britain to uphold the European peace settlement concluded at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. ...
The Battle of Trocadero August 31, 1823, established the victory of the Ultra-Catholic reaction to the right in the post-Napoleonic period. ...
Ferdinand VII (October 14, 1784 - September 29, 1833) was King of Spain from 1813 to 1833. ...
The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a revolutionary wave which erupted in Sicily and then, further triggered by the revolutions of 1848 in France, soon spread to the rest of Europe and as far afield as...
External links - The Chateaubriand medal illustrated
- The Francis I medal illustrated
References - W. Alison Phillips, in Cambridge Modern History, chapter I: The Congresses
- I. C. Nichols, European Pentarchy and the Congress of Verona, 1822
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
| Greek War of Independence | | Ottoman Greece: Armatoloi/Klephts · Maniots · Souliotes · Orlov Revolt · Lambros Katsonis · Ali Pasha | | Greek Enlightenment: Cosmas of Aetolia · Adamantios Korais · Rigas Feraios · Filiki Etaireia | | Events | Personalities | | Land operations • Battle of Dragashani • Battle of Skuleni • Siege of Tripoli • Battle of Alamana • Battle of Gravia • Battle of Vassilika • Battle of Valtesi • Battle of Doliana • Chios Massacre • Battle at Dervenakia • Battle of Peta • First Siege of Messolonghi • Battle of Karpenisi • Battle of Kamatero • Battle of Sphacteria • Battle of Maniaki • Battle of the Lerna Mills • Third Siege of Messolonghi • Ottoman-Egyptian Invasion of Mani • Battle of Arachova • Battle of Phaleron • Battle of Petra Belligerents Greek revolutionaries United Kingdom France Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Egyptian Khedivate Commanders Theodoros Kolokotronis Alexander Ypsilanti Andreas Miaoulis Georgios Karaiskakis â Omer Vryonis Mahmud Dramali Pasha ReÅid Mehmed Pasha Ibrahim Pasha. ...
Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire from the 14th century until its declaration of independence in 1821. ...
The Armatoloi (ÎÏμαÏÏλοι in Greek meaning Armed People) were local Greek villagers that functioned as military/police units governing Byzantine lands. ...
Klephts (Greek κλÎÏÏηÏ, pl. ...
A map showing Mani. ...
The Souliotes (or Souliots, Suliots; Greek: ΣοÏ
λιÏÏεÏ) were the inhabitants of Souli, a historic mountain settlement 73 km southeast of Igoumenitsa in Thesprotia and its surrounding areas in the mountains of Mourgana in Epirus in northwestern Greece. ...
The Orlov Revolt (1770) was a precursor to the Greek War of Independence (1821), which saw a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese at the instigation of Count Orlov, commander of the Russian Naval Forces of the Russo-Turkish War. ...
Lambros Katsonis was a Greek naval hero of the 18th century; born in Ithaka. ...
Engraving of Ali Pasha Ali Pashë Tepelena, commonly known as Ali Pasha, (1741 â January 24, 1822) was the military ruler (pasha) of a large area of the Ottoman Empires European territories. ...
Cosmas of Aetolia (sometimes Kosmas of Aetolia or Cosmas/Kosmas the Aetolian) (Greek: ÎÏÏÎ¼Î±Ï ÎιÏολοÏ/Kosmas Aitolos), (1714 - 1779) was a monk in the Greek Orthodox Church. ...
Adamantios Korais (April 27, 1748 - April 6, 1833) was a graduate of the University of Montpellier in 1788 and he spent most of his life as an expatriate in Paris. ...
Rigas Feraios Rigas Feraios or Rigas Velestinlis (Greek: Î¡Î®Î³Î±Ï ÎελεÏÏινλήÏ-ΦεÏαίοÏ, born ÎνÏÏÎ½Î¹Î¿Ï ÎÏ
ÏιαζήÏ, Antonios Kyriazis; also known as ÎÏνÏÏανÏÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î¡Î®Î³Î±Ï, Konstantinos or Constantine Rhigas; Serbian: Рига од ФеÑе, Riga od Fere; 1757âJune 13, 1798) was a Greek revolutionary and poet, remembered as a Greek national hero, the forerunner and first victim of the uprising against the Ottoman Empire...
The Filiki Eteria (spelt also Philikà EtaireÃa), meaning Friendly Society in Greek, was a secret organisation working in the early 19th century, whose purpose was to overthrow the Ottoman rule over Greece and to establish an independent Greek state. ...
Combatants Greek rebels (Filiki Etaireia) Ottoman Empire Commanders Alexander Ypsilantis Sultan Mahmud II The Battle of Dragashani (or Battle of Dragasani) was fought on June 19, 1821 in DrÄgÄÅani, Wallachia between the Ottoman forces of Sultan Mahmud II and Greek rebel forces. ...
Combatants Greek rebels Ottoman Empire Commanders Prince George Catakouzenos, Georgakis of Mount Olympus Sultan Mahmud II Strength 500 soldiers 5000 soldiers Casualties 375 soldiers The Battle of Skuleni (or Battle of Sculeni) was fought on June 29, 1821 in Skuleni, Moldavia between the Ottoman forces of Sultan Mahmud II and...
The siege and capture of Tripoli (Greek: ) by Greek rebels in the summer of 1821 marked the first decisive victory of the Greek insurgency against the Ottoman Empire, which had began earlier that year. ...
Combatants Greece Ottoman Empire Commanders Athanasios Diakos, Panourgias Panourgias, Yiannis Dyovouniotis Omer Vryonis Strength 1,500 irregulars 9,000 troops Casualties unknown unknown The Battle of Alamana was fought between the Greeks and the Turks during the Greek War of Independence. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
After the beginning of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, Turkish soldiers began the massacre of thousands of Greeks around the Ottoman Empire. ...
Combatants Greek revolutionaries Ottoman Empire Commanders Th. ...
Combatants Greek rebels Ottoman Empire Commanders Alexandros Mavrokordatos Markos Botsaris Athanasios Ratzikotsikas Omer Vryonis ReÅid Mehmed Pasha Yussuf Pasha Strength ca. ...
The Battle of Karpenisi took place near the town of Karpenisi (in Evrytania, central Greece) on the night of August 8, 1823 between revolting Greek irregulars and Ottoman troops. ...
Combatants Greek rebels Ottoman Empire Commanders Colonel Bourbakis, Vassos Notaras, Panayotaki Notaras ReÅid Mehmed Pasha Strength 2,800 soldiers Casualties 500 soldiers The Battle of Kamatero was fought on the night of February 5, 1827 in Kamatero, Greece (near Menidi) between the Ottoman forces of ReÅid Mehmed Pasha...
Combatants Greek revolutionaries Egyptian Khedivate Commanders Papaflessas Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt Strength 3000 soldiers 6000 soldiers Casualties 800-1000 Greek soldiers 400 Arabs The Battle of Maniaki was fought on June 1, 1825 in Maniaki, Greece (in the hills east of Gargaliano) between Egyptian forces led by Ibrahim Pasha and...
Combatants Greek revolutionaries Egyptian Khedivate Commanders Ioannis Makrygiannis, Konstantinos Mavromichalis Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt Strength 350 soldiers 5000 soldiers Casualties 13 Arabs The Battle of the Lerna Mills was fought on June 24, 1825 in Lerna, Greece between the Egyptian forces of Ibrahim Pasha and Greek forces led by Captain...
Combatants Greek rebels Ottoman Empire Egypt Commanders Notis Botsaris ReÅid Mehmed Pasha Ibrahim Pasha Strength 5,000 20,000 Ottomans 15,000 Ottoman auxiliaries ca. ...
Combatants Greece Ottoman Empire Commanders Georgios Karaiskakis Mustafa Bey Strength 2,000 The Battle of Arachova occurred between 18-24 November 1826 between forces under the command of Mustafa Bey and Greek irregulars under Georgios Karaiskakis. ...
The battle of Phaleron took place on the 24th April 1827. ...
Combatants Greek revolutionaries Ottoman Empire Commanders Demetrios Ypsilantis Aslan Bey Strength 2000 irregular but battle hardened troops 7000 infantry Casualties Light Several hundred The Battle of Petra - not to be confused with the Battle of Peta - was the last battle fought in the Greek War of Independence. ...
Naval conflicts • Naval Battle of Spetses • Naval Battle of Samos • Destruction of Psara • Battle of Gerontas • Naval Battle of Souda • Battle of Navarino The destruction of Psara was the Turkish annihilation of every civilian on the Greek island of Psara during the Greek Revolution. ...
Combatants United Kingdom France Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Ottoman Vilayet of Egypt Ottoman Vilayet of Tunisia Commanders Edward Codrington (C-in-C) Henri de Rigny Login Heyden Ibrahim Pasha (C-in-C) Amir Tahir Pasha (Adm comm) Moharram Bey Capitan Bey Strength 10 battleships 10 frigates 4 brigs 2 schooners...
| Greek Regional Councils • Messenian Senate • Peloponnesian Senate • Senate of W. Continental Greece • Areopagus of E. Continental Greece • Provisional Regime of Crete • Administration of Samos Flag Capital Amfissa Language(s) Greek Religion Greek Orthodox Government Republic Legislature Areopagus History - Established March, 1821 - Disestablished 1825 The Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece (Greek: ) was a provisional regime that existed in eastern Central Greece during the Greek War of Independence. ...
• First National Assembly • Second National Assembly • National Assembly at Epidaurus • Third National Assembly • Fourth National Assembly • Fifth National Assembly The Greek National Assembly (1821â1827) was a representative body of revolutionaries attempting to liberate Greece from Ottoman rule. ...
The First National Assembly of Epidaurus (Greek: , 1821â1822) was the first meeting of the Greek National Assembly, a national representative political gathering of the Greek revolutionaries. ...
The Second National Assembly at Astros (Greek: ) was the second Greek National Assembly, a national representative body of the Greeks who had rebelled against the Ottoman Empire. ...
The Third Greek National Assembly at Troezen (Greek: ) was convened during the latter stages of the Greek Revolution. ...
International Conferences, Treaties and Protocols • Congress of Laibach • Congress of Verona • Protocol of St Petersburg • Treaty of London • Conference of Poros • Treaty of Adrianople • London Conference • Treaty of Constantinople The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
The Treaty of London was signed by the United Kingdom, France, and Russia on July 6, 1827. ...
The 1829 peace treaty of Adrianople (called also Treaty of Edirne), was settled between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. ...
Greece, having won its independence from the Ottoman Empire after eight years of war (1821-1829) with the help of the Great Powers (Great Britain, France and Russia) at the Battle of Navarino had formed a republican government with John Capodistrias (ÎαÏοδÃÏÏÏιαÏ)as its leader. ...
The Τreaty of Constantinople was the product of the Constantinople Conference which opened in February 1832 with the participation of the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, France and Russia) on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other. ...
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Greece • Theodoros Kolokotronis • Petros Mavromichalis • Athanasios Diakos • Nikitaras • Ioannis Kapodistrias • Ioannis Kolettis • Papaflessas • Odysseas Androutsos • Demetrios Ypsilantis • Georgios Karaiskakis • Laskarina Bouboulina • Markos Botsaris • Alexandros Mavrokordatos • Manto Mavrogenous • Andreas Miaoulis • Nikolis Apostolis • Antonios Kriezis • Iakovos Tombazis • Konstantinos Kanaris Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece_(1828-1978). ...
Monument of Theodoros Kolokotronis in Athens. ...
Petros Mavromichalis (1765-1848) (in Greek Πέτρος Μαυρομιχάλης) also known as Petrobey (Πετρομπέης), was the leader of the Maniot people during the first half of the 19th century. ...
Athanasios Diakos (1788-1821). ...
Nikitaras, or ÎικηÏαÏÎ±Ï was a Greek revolutionary who fought for Greeces freedom during the Greek War of Independence. ...
statue of John Capodistria in Panepistimiou Street, Athens John Capodistria, (in Greek Ioannis Kapodistrias or Ιωάννης Καποδίστριας, and in Italian Giovanni Capo dIstria, Count Capo dIstria) (February 11, 1776 - October 9, 1831), Greek-born diplomat of the Russian Empire and later first head of state of independent Greece...
Ioannis Kolettis (1773-1847) - Athens, National Historical Museum Ioannis Kolettis (1773-1847) was a Greek politician who played a significant role in Greek affairs from the Greek War of Independence. ...
For the Greek municipality see Papaflessas, Messenia. ...
Odysseas Androutsos (also Odysseus Androutsos, Greek: ÎδÏ
ÏÏÎÎ±Ï ÎνδÏοÏÏÏοÏ) was a hero of the Greek War of Independence. ...
Demetrius Ypsilanti, sometimes spelled Ypsilantis, (1793 - January 3, 1832), second son of Prince Constantine, distinguished himself as a Russian officer in the campaign of 1814, and in the spring of 1821 went to the Morea, where the war of Greek independence had just broken out. ...
Georgios Karaiskakis (Greek, ÎεÏÏÎ³Î¹Î¿Ï ÎαÏαÏÏκάκηÏ) (1782-1827) was a famous Greek klepht, armatolos, military commander, and a hero of the Greek War of Independence. ...
An 1827 engraving of Bouboulina by Friedel. ...
Markos Botsaris (c. ...
Alexander Mavrocordatos (1791-1865) Athens, Benaki Museum Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos (Greek: ) (born February 11, 1791, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now İstanbul, Turkey} â died August 18, 1865, Aegina), Greek statesman, a descendant of the Mavrocordatos family of Hospodars. ...
Manto Mavrogenous Manto Magdalena Mavrogenous (Greek: ÎανÏÏ Îαγδαληνή ÎαÏ
ÏογÎνοÏ
Ï), (1796-July 1840) was a Greek heroine of the Greek War of Independence in 1821. ...
Andreas Vokos (or Bokos) Miaoulis (1768 - June 24, 1835), Greek admiral and politician, was born in Negropont. ...
Nikolis Apostolis (Greek: ) was a Greek naval commander during the Greek War of Independence. ...
Portrait of Antonios Kriezis Antonios Kriezis (Greek: ÎνÏÏÎ½Î¹Î¿Ï ÎÏιεζήÏ) (1796â1865) was a soldier who fought in the Greek War of Independence of 1821 and later served as a Prime Minister of Greece. ...
Iakovos Yiakoumakis Tombazis (Greek: , about 1782-1829) was a merchant and ship-owner from the Greek island of Hydra who became the first Admiral of the Greek Navy during the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire (1821 - 1829). ...
Constantine Kanaris (or Canaris, Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Κανάρης) (1793 or 1795 – September 2, 1877) was a Greek admiral, freedom fighter and politician. ...
- Philhellenes
• Lord Byron • Charles Fabvier • Thomas Gordon • Karl Norman • Jean-Gabriel Eynard • Santorre di Santa Rosa • Carl von Heideck • Richard Church • Lord Cochrane Philhellenism (the love of Greek culture) was the intellectual fashion at the turn of the 19th century that led Europeans like Lord Byron to lend their support for the Greek movement towards independence from the Ottoman Empire. ...
Lord Byron, English poet Lord Byron (1803), as painted by Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, (January 22, 1788 – April 19, 1824) was the most widely read English language poet of his day. ...
Major-General Thomas Gordon, (1788 â20 April 1841), was a British army officer and historian. ...
Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa (November 18, 1783âMay 8, 1825) was a Piedmontese insurgent and leader in the revival (Risorgimento) of Italy. ...
Sir Richard Church (1784 - March 30, 1873), British military officer and general in the Greek army, was the son of a Quaker, Matthew Church of Cork. ...
Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald (14 December 1775â31 October 1860), styled Lord Cochrane between 1778 and 1831, was a politician and naval adventurer. ...
| - Moldavia and Wallachia
• Alexandros Ypsilantis • Tudor Vladimirescu • Dimitrie Macedonski • Giorgakis Olympios • Yiannis Pharmakis For other uses of Moldavia or Moldova, see Moldova (disambiguation). ...
Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ...
Alexander Ypsilantis, Ypsilanti, or Alexandros Ypsilantis, (Greek: ÎλÎξανδÏÎ¿Ï Î¥ÏηλάνÏηÏ; Romanian: Alexandru Ipsilanti) (1792â1828) was a Phanariot Greek military commander and national hero. ...
Tudor Vladimirescu (1780, Vladimiri - 27 May 1821 Târgovişte) was a Romanian revolutionary hero and the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821. ...
Dimitrie Macedonski (aprox. ...
Giorgakis Olympios (Greek: ÎιÏÏÎ³Î¬ÎºÎ·Ï ÎλÏμÏιοÏ) (1772 - 1821) was a Greek armatolos and military commander during the Greek War of Independence. ...
Yiannis Pharmakis (Greek: ÎÎ¬Î½Î½Î·Ï Î¦Î±ÏμακηÏ; Romanian: Ioan Farmache), d. ...
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Ottoman Empire • Sultan Mahmud II • Hursid Pasha • Kara-Ali Pasha • Omer Vryonis • Mahmud Dramali Pasha • Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha • Reşid Mehmed Pasha • Yussuf Pasha Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Motto دÙÙØª ابد Ù
دت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital SöÄüt (1299â1326) Bursa (1326â1365) Edirne (1365â1453) İstanbul (1453â1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â1326 (first) Osman I - 1918â22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320...
The stylized signature of Mahmud II was written in an expressive calligraphy. ...
Hursid Pasha was a Turkish General during the Greek War of Independence. ...
Omer Vryonis (also Omar Vrioni) was a leading Ottoman figure in the Greek War of Independence. ...
19th century portrait of Mahmud Pasha Mahmud Pasha, called Dramalı (Greek: , Drama ca. ...
Koca Mehmed Hüsrev PaÅa (1769-1855) was an Ottoman admiral and statesman who reached the top position of Grand Vizier rather late in his career, between 2 July 1839 and 8 June 1840 during the reign of Abdülmecid, but who occupied key administrative roles in three different...
ReÅid Mehmed Pasha also known as Kütahı (Greek: , 1780 - 1839) was a prominent Ottoman general and Grand Vizier in the first half of the 19th century, playing an important role in the Greek War of Independence. ...
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Vilayet of Egypt • Ibrahim Pasha • Suleiman Pasha Image File history File links Egypt_flag_1882. ...
The reign of Muhammad Ali and his successors over Egypt was a period of rapid reform and modernization that led to Egypt becoming one of the most developed states outside of Europe. ...
Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt Ibrahim Pasha (Arabic: إبراÙÙÙ
باشا) â (1789 â November 10, 1848), a 19th century general of Egypt. ...
Suleiman Pasha (born Joseph Anthelme Sève, also known as Süleyman PaÅa, Soliman Al Fransawi Pasha, or Colonel Sève; May or July 1788 - Cairo, March 12, 1860) was a French-born Egyptian commander. ...
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United Kingdom • Stratford Canning • Edward Codrington Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ...
Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe KG GCB PC (4 November 1786 - 14 August 1880) was a British diplomat and longtime ambassador to the Sublime Porte. ...
Admiral Edward Codrington Sir Edward Codrington (1770-1851) was a British admiral, hero of the Battle of Trafalgar and the Battle of Navarino. ...
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Russian Empire • Login Petrovich Geiden Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ...
The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ...
Login Petrovich Geiden or Heyden was a Dutch admiral in Russian service. ...
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Kingdom of France • Henri de Rigny • Nicolas Joseph Maison Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Kingdom of France Capital Paris Language(s) French Government Monarchy King of France and Navarre - 1814-1824 Louis XVIII - 1824-1830 Charles X - 1830 Louis XIX - 1830 Henri V Legislature Parliament History - Louis XVIII restored 6 April, 1814 - July Revolution 21 January, 1830 Currency French Franc Following the ousting of...
Henri de Rigny was the commander of the French squadron at the Battle of Navarino in the Greek War of Independence. ...
Nicolas Joseph Maison (December 19, 1770 - February 13, 1840), born in Ãpinay-sur-Seine, was a Marshal of France and Minister of War. ...
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