Conquest of Damascus
Part of Muslim conquest of Syria Byzantine-Arab Wars
Damascus city.
Date 21th August–19th September, 634 A.D Location Damascus,Syria Result Damascus Captured by Rashidun Caliphate.
Combatants
Rashidun Caliphate	Byzantine empire.
Commanders
Khalid ibn al-Walid	Thomas
Strength
20,000	15,000-16,000

Damascus was conquered by the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate after a siege lasting about one month, from 21st August to 19th September 634 A.D. It was the first major city of the Byzantine empire conquered by Muslims during the Muslim conquest of Syria. Combatants Byzantine Empire Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Age of the Caliphs The Muslim conquest of Syria occured in the first half of the 7th century. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire[1], Arab Ghassanids, Bulgarian Empire (later) Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Byzantine-Arab Wars was a long drawn-out war between the Byzantine Empire and the emerging Arab Empire. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 853 pixel, file size: 235 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Damascus Skyline I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 853 pixel, file size: 235 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Damascus Skyline I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to certain of the Caliphs. ... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to certain of the Caliphs. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... Khālid ibn al-WalÄ«d (592-642) (Arabic: خالد بن الوليد) also known as Sayf-Allah al-Maslul (the Drawn Sword of God or Sword of Allah), was one of the two famous Arab generals during the Muslim conquests of the 7th Century. ... Thomas was not a Biblical given name, but originated from the Aramaic designation תום or Tôm. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire[1], Arab Ghassanids, Bulgarian Empire (later) Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Byzantine-Arab Wars was a long drawn-out war between the Byzantine Empire and the emerging Arab Empire. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Eastern Roman Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Zayd ibn Harithah † Jafar ibn Abu Talib † Abdullah ibn Rawahah † Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Theodorus Shurahbil ibn Amr al-Ghassani Strength 3,000 (Ibn Qayyim)[4][5] 3,000 (Ibn Hajar)[6][5] 100,000 according to Muslim sources... According to the ,Ar-raheeq Al-makhtum( the sealed nectar) the prize winning Biography of the noble prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him), the battle of Tabouk in the 9th year of the Muslim calendar (which started when Mohammad peace be upon him , migrated from Makkah to Madinah). ... Battle of Dathin was a minor battle between the Muslims and the Byzantines in February of 634. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Persian Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Yazdgerd III Strength 15,000[1] 100,000[2] Casualties Low 50,000[2] The Battle of Firaz was the last battle of the Muslim Arab commander Khalid ibn al-Walid (The Sword of Allah... Combatants Byzantine Empire Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Age of the Caliphs The Muslim conquest of Syria occured in the first half of the 7th century. ... Combatants Muslims Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid  ? Strength 9000 unknown but less then muslims Casualties very Few Unknown but more then muslims. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Ghassanids Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Romanus Strength 4,000 infantry,[1] 1,500 cavalry[1] 12,000[1] Casualties 230[1] 8,000 Bosra was the first important town to be captured by the Muslims in Syria, as it was capital city of... Combatants Eastern Roman Empire Muslim Arabs Commanders Wardan, Governor of Emesa, Qubuqlar, Theodoros Khalid ibn al-Walid, Shurahbil, Yazid Ibn Abi Sufyan, Amr Ibn al-As, Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Strength About 25,000[1] 50,000[2] Casualties 20,000 in two days of battle and while fleeing... Combatants Muslims Ghassanids Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid  ? Strength 9000 5000-6000 Casualties none Few hundreds. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Saqalar Strength 30,000 80,000 Casualties Unknown 10,000 The Battle of Fahl was a Byzantine-Arab battle fought between the Muslim Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid (The Sword of Allah) and the Roman Empire under Heraclius... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... This battle took place between byzantine army and Khalid ibn al-Walids army near the city of hazir. ... Combatants Muslims Byzantine Empire Christian Arabs. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) At the commencement of the Muslim conquest of Egypt, Egypt was part of the Byzantine Empire with its capital in Constantinople. ... The Battle of Heliopolis was a decisive battle between Arab Muslim armies and Byzantine forces for the control of Egypt. ... Combatants Muslims Roman (Byzantine) Empire Commanders Unknown Unknown Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown Battle between Arab Muslim troops under Amr ibn al-Aas, and Roman troops, in Egypt, in the Spring of 646. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad conquest of North Africa continued the century of rapid Arab Muslim expansion following the death of Mohammed in 632 CE. By 640 the Arabs controlled Mesopotamia, had invaded Armenia, and were concluding their conquest of Byzantine Syria. ... Combatants Umayyad Caliphate Byzantine Empire Commanders Hassan bin al-Numan Ioannes the Patrician and Tiberius Apsimar Strength 40,000 Unknown Casualties Unknown total loss of a territory The Battle of Carthage was fought in 698 between the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa, and the armies of the Umayyad Caliphate. ... The Arab Empire at its greatest extent The Arab Empire usually refers to the following Caliphates: Rashidun Caliphate (632 - 661) Umayyad Caliphate (661 - 750) - Successor of the Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Emirate in Islamic Spain (750 - 929) Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in Islamic Spain (929 - 1031) Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... The 1453 Siege of Constantinople (painted 1499) There were at least 24 sieges of Constantinople during the history of the Byzantine Empire. ... Combatants Muslims Byzantine Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Khalid ibn al-Walid Unknown Strength 17,000 40,000-50,000 Casualties Unknown but few hundreds. ... Combatants Roman (Byzantine) Empire Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Constantine IV Muawiyah I Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown The First Arab Siege of Constantinople in 674 was a major conflict of the Byzantine-Arab Wars, and only the second time Constantinoples defences were tested. ... Combatants Roman (Byzantine) Empire Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Unknown Unknown Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown The naval Battle of Syllaeum took place in 677 near Syllaeum and was fought between the Arabs and the Byzantine Empire in coordination with a series of land battles in Anatolia and Syria. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs (Rashidun Caliphate) Roman (Byzantine) Empire Commanders Unknown Unknown Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown Battle of That Al-Sawari was a naval battle between the Muslim Arabs and the Byzantine Empire. ... 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Khālid ibn al-WalÄ«d (592-642) (Arabic: خالد بن الوليد) also known as Sayf-Allah al-Maslul (the Drawn Sword of God or Sword of Allah), was one of the two famous Arab generals during the Muslim conquests of the 7th Century. ... The Arabian Peninsula Emirets towers in United Arab Emirates; the eastern part of Arabian Penisula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ... Combatants Muslims Quraysh-led Coalition Commanders Muhammad Abu Sufyan Strength 700 3,000 Casualties 70 dead 22 The Battle of Uhud was fought on 23 March, 625, between a force from the small Muslim community of Medina, in what is now north-western Arabia, and a force from Mecca, the... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Eastern Roman Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Zayd ibn Harithah † Jafar ibn Abu Talib † Abdullah ibn Rawahah † Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Theodorus Shurahbil ibn Amr al-Ghassani Strength 3,000 (Ibn Qayyim)[4][5] 3,000 (Ibn Hajar)[6][5] 100,000 according to Muslim sources... Combatants Muslims Quraish Commanders Muhammad Abu Sufyan ibn Harb Strength 10,000 unknown Casualties 0 0 Mecca was conquered by the Muslims on the 10th day of Ramadan in the year 630 January AD ( 8 AH) [1] . In 628 the Meccan tribe of Quraish and the Muslim community in Medina... The Battle of Hunayn is the name of a battle where the prophet Muhammad participiated in the year 630 CE. Categories: Military stubs | Islam-related stubs ... The Siege of Taif took place in 630 CE, as the Muslims besieged the city of Taif after their victory in the Battle of Hunayn. ... The Ridda wars (also known as the Riddah wars and the Wars of Apostasy) were a set of military campaigns against apostasy and rebellion against the Caliph Abu Bakr during 632 and 633 AD, following the death of Muhammad(S). ... Combatants Muslims Rebel Apostates Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid MusailimaThe lair Strength 13,000 40,000 Casualties 1200 21,000 The Battle of Yamama was fought in December 632 A.C in the plain of Aqraba near Yamama. ... this battle took place in 633 A.C between tribal mistress Salma and Khalid ibn al-Walids army. ... This article, image, template or category should belong in one or more categories. ... battle took place between Khalid ibn al-Walid and a false prophet in 633 A.C september. ... this battle took place between the remaining army of battle of Buzakha and Khalid ibn al-Walids army 20 miles from buzakha. ... this battle took place in october 633 between reble armies and Khalid ibn al-Walids army. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Islamic conquest of Afghanistan. ... Combatants Muslims Persian Empire Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Hormuz,Qubaz and Anushjan Strength 18,000 25,000-30,000 Casualties about 200 10,000-12,000 The Battle of Chains took place Some time in the first week of April 633 (third week of Muharram, 12 Hijri). ... The Battle of River took place in Iraq between the Muslims and the Persian army. ... Combatants Rashidun Caliphate Sassanid Persian Empire, Arab allies Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Andarzaghar, Bahman Strength 15,000[1] 50,000[1] Casualties 1000+ [1] 30,000-40,000 [1][2] The Battle of Walaja was a battle fought in Mesopotamia (Iraq) in May 633 between the Muslim Arabs under... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Combatants Muslims Persians Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid  ? Strength 9000 Un-known Casualties very few. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... This article, image, template or category should belong in one or more categories. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Persian Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Mahbuzan,Huzail bin Imran. ... Combatants Muslims Christian Arabs. ... Combatants Muslims Christian Arabs. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Persian Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Yazdgerd III Strength 15,000[1] 100,000[2] Casualties Low 50,000[2] The Battle of Firaz was the last battle of the Muslim Arab commander Khalid ibn al-Walid (The Sword of Allah... Combatants Byzantine Empire Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Age of the Caliphs The Muslim conquest of Syria occured in the first half of the 7th century. ... Combatants Muslims Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid  ? Strength 9000 unknown but less then muslims Casualties very Few Unknown but more then muslims. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Ghassanids Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Romanus Strength 4,000 infantry,[1] 1,500 cavalry[1] 12,000[1] Casualties 230[1] 8,000 Bosra was the first important town to be captured by the Muslims in Syria, as it was capital city of... Combatants Eastern Roman Empire Muslim Arabs Commanders Wardan, Governor of Emesa, Qubuqlar, Theodoros Khalid ibn al-Walid, Shurahbil, Yazid Ibn Abi Sufyan, Amr Ibn al-As, Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Strength About 25,000[1] 50,000[2] Casualties 20,000 in two days of battle and while fleeing... Combatants Muslims Ghassanids Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid  ? Strength 9000 5000-6000 Casualties none Few hundreds. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Saqalar Strength 30,000 80,000 Casualties Unknown 10,000 The Battle of Fahl was a Byzantine-Arab battle fought between the Muslim Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid (The Sword of Allah) and the Roman Empire under Heraclius... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire[1], Arab Ghassanids, Bulgarian Empire (later) Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Byzantine-Arab Wars was a long drawn-out war between the Byzantine Empire and the emerging Arab Empire. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Eastern Roman Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Zayd ibn Harithah † Jafar ibn Abu Talib † Abdullah ibn Rawahah † Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Theodorus Shurahbil ibn Amr al-Ghassani Strength 3,000 (Ibn Qayyim)[4][5] 3,000 (Ibn Hajar)[6][5] 100,000 according to Muslim sources... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Persian Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Yazdgerd III Strength 15,000[1] 100,000[2] Casualties Low 50,000[2] The Battle of Firaz was the last battle of the Muslim Arab commander Khalid ibn al-Walid (The Sword of Allah... This battle took place between byzantine army and Khalid ibn al-Walids army near the city of hazir. ... Combatants Muslims Byzantine Empire Christian Arabs. ... Combatants Muslims Byzantine Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Khalid ibn al-Walid Unknown Strength 17,000 40,000-50,000 Casualties Unknown but few hundreds. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to certain of the Caliphs. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Age of the Caliphs The Muslim conquest of Syria occured in the first half of the 7th century. ...

Background

Damascus was known as the paradise of Syria. The main part of the city was enclosed by a massive wall, 11 metres high^[1] The fortified city was a mile long and half a mile wide and was entered by six gates: Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... A gate is a point of entry to a space enclosed by walls, or an opening in a fence. ...

1. The East Gate (Bab al Sharq)
2. The Gate of Thomas (Bab al Touma)
3. The Jabiya Gate (Bab al Jabiya)
4. The Gate of Faradis (Bab al Faradees)
5. The Keisan Gate (Bab al Kesan)
6. The Small Gate (Bab al Sagher)

Along the north wall ran the River Barada, which, however, was too small to be of military significance.^[2] Compass rose with north highlighted and at top Look up North in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This bridge across the Danube River links Hungary with Slovakia. ... Barada is a fictional character from the Star Wars universe. ...

At the time of the Syrian campaign, the Byzantine Commander-in-Chief at Damascus was Thomas, son-in-law of Emperor Heraclius. A deeply religious man and a devouted Christian, he was known not only for his courage and skill in the command of troops but also for his intelligence and learning.^[3]. Combatants Byzantine Empire Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Age of the Caliphs The Muslim conquest of Syria occured in the first half of the 7th century. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... Thomas was not a Biblical given name, but originated from the Aramaic designation תום or Tôm. ... Heraclius and his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      A Christian () is a person who...

The Seige

Before the siege of Damascus Khalid isolated Damscus from rest of the northern Syria, the Byzantine reinforcement was most likely to be sent from this region. A mounted detachment was left at Fahal, west from Damscus to keep the Byzantine garrison occupied and prevent it to come to aid of Damascus, and to prevent any possible interfereing between the muslim forces and Madinah, thus it acted as a rearguard of the muslim forces on Syrian front. another detachment on the road to Emesa to take up a position near Bait Lihya, about 10 miles from the city,^[4] and instructed its commander to send out scouts to observe and report the arrival of Roman relief columns. If unable to deal with such columns himself, the detachment commander would seek Khalid's help. Having thus arranged a blocking position to isolate Damascus, Khalid ibn Walid launched the Islamic army into the siege of Damascus on August 21th, 634 (the 20th of Jamadi-ul-Akhir, 13 Hijri). The corps commanders were instructed to throw back any Byzantine attack from the respective gates, in case of heavy pressure Khalid's help should be seek. Zirrar bin al-Azwar was given command of 2000 housemen from the mobile guard to patroll in the empty spaces between the gates at night and to help any corps attacked by the Byzantines.^[5] The following Muslim generals held the siege of the 6 gates of the Damascus, each commander at the gate had 4000-5000 forces with him. Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Irbid in the spring Irbid (Arabic: إربد), the ancient Arabella, is Jordans second largest city located about 85 km north of Amman, situated at an equal distance from Pella and Umm Qais and 7 km to the north from Al Hisn. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... This article is about the Saudi city of Medina. ... Emesa was an ancient city on the Orontes River in Syria. ... Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ...

1. Gate of Thomas : Shurahbil ibn Hassana
2. Jabiya Gate : Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah
3. Gate of Faradis : Amr ibn al-A'as
4. Keisan Gate : Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan
5. Small Gate : Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan
6. Eastern Gate : Raafe bin Umair
   

Khalid bin Walid placed the main body of his corps under the command of Raafe bin Umair at eastern gate and him self established a headquarter short distance away from the eastern gate in a monastery which as a result became known as Dair al Khalid i.e monastery of khalid.^[6] Abū Ubaidah Āmir ibn Abdullāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ (Arabic: ابو عبيده عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح), more commonly known as Abū Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrāḥ, was one of the ten companions of Muhammad popularly known to have been promised Paradise by the Prophet himself. ... ˤAmr ibn al-ˤĀs (Arabic: عمرو بن العاص) (born c. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... Monastery of St. ...

Byzantine reinforcement

Emperor Heraclius was at Antioch during this seige. On September 9, 634 A.D Emperor Heraclius sent the reinforcement of 12,000 men to Damascus, which initailly defeated the muslim detachment and was later defeated and driven away at Battle of Saniyyat-ul-Uqab about 20 miles north of Damascus, under by the reinforcement under Khalid's command. The Muslim forces investing the city had been weakened by 9,000 men with the departure of first Raafe's detachment and then the reinforcement of the Mobile Guard under Khalid ibn Walid. In case the Byzantine army should attack in strength against any Muslim corps, there would be a serious danger of their breaking through, keeping in view this danger Khalid therefore hurried to the Damascus and didn't followed the routed Byzantine troops. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antakya. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see 9 (disambiguation). ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... Heraclius and his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ...

1st Byzantine attack

After all hopes of the reinforcement from Emperor Heraclius were finished, Thomas decided to launch counter offensive to drive the Muslims away. Heraclius and his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ...

The following morning, early in the third week of September 634 A.D, Thomas drew men from all sectors of the city and formed a strong force to break out through the Gate of Thomas. His opponent here was Shurahbil ibn Hassana with his corps of about 5,000 men. The battle begun with the concentrated shower of arrows against Muslims, Byzantine infantry covered by the archers and slingers on the wall, rushed through the gate and fanned out into battle, Thomas himself led the assault^[7]. Thomas was struck in his right eye by an arrow, following this Byzantine army retreated to the fort.^[8] Thomas swore to take thousand eyes in return. He ordered another great sally to be carried out that night. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... Thomas was not a Biblical given name, but originated from the Aramaic designation תום or Tôm. ... The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ... Scythian bowmen on gold plaque from Kul oba kurgan, in Crimea, fourth century BC. An archer is someone who practices archery. ... A sling is a projectile weapon typically used to throw a blunt missile such as a stone, it is also known as the shepherds sling to distinguish it from other meanings. ... The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ... Sally might mean any of the following: Look up Sally in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

2nd Byzantine attack

This time the strategy of Thomas was to launch sally from four gates, the main sector was to be again the Thomas gate, to take full advantage of exausted Muslim corps there. The sally on rest of gates was to tie down other Muslim corps so that they may not come to aid Shurhabil's corps at Thomas gate. The other gates were to be: Sally might mean any of the following: Look up Sally in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

1. Jabiya Gate
2. Small Gate
3. East Gate

To the East Gate, Thomas allotted rather more forces than for the others, so that Khalid ibn Walid would be unable to move to Shurahbil's help and take command in that decisive sector. Attacking from several gates also gave more flexibility to the operation. Thus, if success were achieved, in any sector other than the Gate of Thomas, that could be converted into the main sector and the success exploited accordingly. Thomas ordered that Khalid ibn Walid should be taken alive. The attack was launched simultaneously from all selected gates. At the Jabiya Gate, where commander was Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, after some hard fighitng the sally was repulsed and the Byzantine army hastened back to the city. Abū Ubaidah Āmir ibn Abdullāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ (Arabic: ابو عبيده عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح), more commonly known as Abū Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrāḥ, was one of the ten companions of Muhammad popularly known to have been promised Paradise by the Prophet himself. ... The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ...

At the Small Gate, where the commander was Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan, the battle was intense, Yazid had fewer troops than were positioned at the other gates, before the retreat of Muslim army, Zirrar ibn al Azwar's with his 2000 mounted warriors came for aid and attacked the Byzantine army at there flank, the sally was repulsed. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ...

At the East Gate the situation soon became more serious, for a larger Roman force had been assigned to this sector. Raafa ibn Umair was unable to hold the attacks, soon Khalid ibn Walid with his reserve of 400 veterans reached the sector attacking the Byzantine army at its flank, it marked the turning point in the sally at the East Gate, soon Byzantine army retreated to the city. The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ... The Byzantine Army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine Navy. ...

The heaviest fighting was at Thomas gate, where Thomas again commanded the sally in personal, The Muslim commander at the sector was Shurhabil ibn Hassana. After intense fight, Thomas seeing that there was no weakening in the Muslim front, decided that to continue the attack would be fruitless and would lead to even heavier casualties among his men. He ordered a withdrawal, and the Romans moved back at a steady pace, during which they were subjected to concentrated shower of arrows by Muslims. This was the last attempt by Thomas to break the siege. The attempt had failed.^[9] He had lost thousands of men in these sallies, and could no longer afford to fight outside the walls of the city.

Khalid ibn Walid's attack

On September 18, 634 A.D (the 19th of Rajab, 13 Hijrah Jonah, son of Marcus, a greek man informed Khalid ibn Walid about the celebration of a festival in the city that night, and about the opurtunity to capture the city by surprise attack, in return he was granted amnesty for him self and for his beloved fiance, according to MUslim chronicles, she was still not handed over to him becasue of the arrival of Muslims army to besiege Damascus, and according to the narrations he reached Khalid for giving this inteligence just to get his beloved wife soon. Jonah also accepted Islam.^[10] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... ˑ This article is about the year 18. ... Events The Arabs invade Palestine. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... (Redirected from 19th) 19 (nineteen) is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. ... Rajab (Arabic: رجب ) is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. ... For other uses, see 13 (disambiguation). ... Hijra may refer to: Hijra (Hegira/Hijrah/Hejira) is an Arabic term referring to the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622. ... Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...

There was no time to make a co-ordinated plan of attack for the whole army; and so Khalid decided that he would storm the fort by the East Gate himself. According to the plan, first Khalid ibn Walid, Qa'qa ibn Amr and Mazur ibn Adi climbed up the wall hand by hand from the side of eastern gate.^[11] As the wall was the strongest, no guard was there on the top, Khalid and other two warriors tied other ropes and droped them so that other selected 100 warriors could climb up the wall. Khalid left a few men to assist the remaining climbers, and with the rest descended into the city, killing the guards at gate Khalid and Qa'qa reached the East gate and the gate was flung open. The Khalid's crops entered the city, intense battle begun between the Muslims and Byzantine army. Thomas came to know that there is no movement on other gates in Islamic army, he assumed that only Khalid's crops have entered the city and most probably other crops commanders are unawear of this sudden attack. Thomas tried to save Damascus for one last time, he accordingly sent envoys to the Jabiya Gate to talk with Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, the second in command to Khalid, and offer to surrender the fort peacefully and to pay the Jizya.^[12] Abu Ubaidah, who was famous for his peace loving nature accepted the terms and peace was made, thinking that Khalid ibn Walid the commander in chief of army would also accept it. The message was sent to all the crops commanders. After the dawn Abu Ubaidah entered Damascus from Jabiyah gate and other commanders from there respective gates, while Khalid's crops was still conquering the city by force from Eastern side. Abu Ubaidah marching peacefully with his crops, accompanied by Thomas and Harbees and several dignitaries and bishops of Damascus, to wards the center of Damascus. While Khalid and his men marched to wards the center of Damascus finishing all resistance. Both commanders met at Church of Mary in the center of the city. Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... AbÅ« Ubaidah Ä€mir ibn Abdullāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ (Arabic: ابو عبيده عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح), more commonly known as AbÅ« Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrāḥ, was one of the ten companions of Muhammad popularly known to have been promised Paradise by the Prophet himself. ... In states ruled by Islamic law, jizya or jizyah (Arabic: جزْية; Ottoman Turkish cizye) is a per capita tax imposed on able bodied non-Muslim men of military age. ... Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      This article is about a title... The Church of Mary The Church of Mary (Turkish: Meryem Kilisesi) is an ancient Christian cathedral dedicated to the Theotokos (the Virgin Mary), located in Ephesus, Turkey. ...

Conquest of the city

Muslim commander in chief, Khalid bin Walid urged that he have conquered the city by force and Abu Ubaidah on the other hand told him about the peace agreement, agreed between him and Thomas. All the corps commanders got together and began to discuss the situation. They reached agreement among themselves and conveyed their opinion, to Khalid: suggesting that Let there be peace, because if the Romans in Syria heard that the Muslims had given a guarantee of safety and then slaughtered those whose safety had been guaranteed, no other city would ever surrender to the Muslims, and that would make the task of conquering Syria immeasurably more difficult. Khalid though not happy but agreed.^[13] Agreeing on the terms that no one will be enslaved and no harm would be given to the temples and nothing will be taken as booty, according to the terms of peace. Save passage was given to Thomas, Harbees and every citizen of Damascus who was not willing to live under the Muslim rule,under the terms that the peace will be ended after three days and if Muslim conquered any place at which they are residing, they will not then be under a guarantee of peace. The following pact was drawn up and signed by Khalid bin Walid: Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Nickname: The Seal of the Damascus Governorate Syria Syria Governorates Damascus Governorate Government  - Governor Bishr Al Sabban Area  - City 573 km²  (221. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

^[14] Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ... Muhammad is a common Muslim male name. ... For main article see: Caliphate Khalif is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, or global Islamic nation. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

According to the Muslim chronicles, the greek man Jonah, who's fiance on listining to his contersion to Islam recoiled herself from him, and left Damascus with her family, he asked Khalid that if the girl could be given to him taken by force, but Khalid excused because it was against the terms of pact made with Byzantine commanders. For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ...

Aftermaths

After three days passed, Khalid ibn Walid commanding a cavalry regiment followed the convoy of Byzantine commanders and soldiers along with thousands of people who left the city with them, going to wards Antioch. Khalid's cavalry caught up with the convoy a short distance from Antioch near a sea shore during the heavy downpour. The battle thus fought is known as Battle of Maraj al Debaj, i.e Meadow of Brocade because of plenty of brocade taken as booty in it. Thomas and Harbees were killed personaly by Khalid in a duel, and wife of Thomas, the daughter of Emperor Heraclius was taken as keptive.^[15] According to chronicales, the same greek man Jonah, guided Khalid to the short cut route to Antioch to get his fiance, but she committed suicide, Khalid, offered Jonah, daughter of Emperor Heraclius, but he refused to take her, she was later released by Khalid ibn Walid. Jonah died in Battle of Yarmouk two years later.^[16] Caliph Abu Bakr died making Umar his successor. Umar removed his cousin Khalid ibn Walid from the command of Muslim army and made Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah the new commander in chief.^[17] In the later years, following the Battle of Yarmouk in 636 A.D the whole Levant was annexed by Rashidun Caliphate followed by conquest of Antioch in 638 A.D. French Republican Guard - May 8, 2005 celebrations Cavalry (from French cavalerie) were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback in combat. ... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antakya. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Antakya. ... Brocade can stands for: thick heavy fabric into which raised patterns have been woven. ... Heraclius and his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... For main article see: Caliphate Khalif is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, or global Islamic nation. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ... Khalid bin Walid (AKA:Syaifullah/Sword of Allah);(584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... AbÅ« Ubaidah Ä€mir ibn Abdullāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ (Arabic: ابو عبيده عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح), more commonly known as AbÅ« Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrāḥ, was one of the ten companions of Muhammad popularly known to have been promised Paradise by the Prophet himself. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Events April 20 - Battle of Yarmuk - Byzantine Empire loses Syria to the Arabs The Arabs invade Persia Rothari marries queen Gundeparga, becomes king of the Lombards city of Basra Iraq founded by caliph Omar on a canal. ... The Levant The Levant (IPA: /lÉ™vænt/) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to certain of the Caliphs. ... Combatants Muslims Byzantine Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Khalid ibn al-Walid Unknown Strength 17,000 40,000-50,000 Casualties Unknown but few hundreds. ... Events Islamic calendar introduced The Muslims capture Antioch, Caesarea Palaestina and Akko Births Deaths October 12 - Pope Honorius I Categories: 638 ...

References

1. ^ Damascus City has risen 4 metres since then, so that the wall is now only 7 metres above ground level.
2. ^ http://castrorum.blogspot.com/2006/05/arab-conquest-roman-perspect ive.html
3. ^ Akram, A. I. The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns, Nat. Publishing House. Rawalpindi, 1970. ISBN 0-71010-104-X
4. ^ Yaqut: Vol. 1, p. 780
5. ^ Akram, A. I. The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns, Nat. Publishing House. Rawalpindi, 1970. ISBN 0-71010-104-X page :484
6. ^ Akram, A. I. The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns, Nat. Publishing House. Rawalpindi, 1970. ISBN 0-71010-104-X
7. ^ Waqidi: p. 46.
8. ^ http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/history/chronology/century7.html
9. ^ http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/damascus-spring.html
10. ^ http://library.auraria.edu/generalhelp/libnews/islam/index.html
11. ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-29909/Syria
12. ^ Akram, A. I. The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns, Nat. Publishing House. Rawalpindi, 1970. ISBN 0-71010-104-X
13. ^ Waqidi: Fatuh al Sham, page no: 51-52
14. ^ Balazuri: vol: 1 page no: 128.
15. ^ Akram, A. I. The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns, Nat. Publishing House. Rawalpindi, 1970. ISBN 0-71010-104-X
16. ^ waqidi: Fatuh al Sham, page: 55-56
17. ^ http://www.iranchamber.com/history/islamic_conquest/islamic_conque st.php