The 13th century conquest of Estonia was undertaken by the Livonian Order, the Kingdom of Denmark, and their allies against the pagan peoples of Estonia (Maavald) around the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, one of the last corners of medieval Europe to be Christianized. After the success of this Northern Crusade, the German-occupied territory was divided into the Livonian Confederation by William of Modena, while Denmark controlled northern Estonia. January 31 - Inferior Swedish forces defeats the invading danes in Battle of Lena. ... January 11 first mention of city of Požega in a charter of Andrew II of Hungary March 19 - Pope Gregory IX succeeds Pope Honorius III as the 178th pope. ... The Livonian Confederation was a loosely organized alliance in present-day Estonia and Latvia that existed from 1228 to 1560s. ... Estonia was a dominion of Denmark during Middle Ages. ... The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order started in 1202 by Albert von Buxhövden, bishop of Riga (or Prince... Caupo of Turaida (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) Livonian leader in the beginning of the 13th century. ... Volquin (Wolquin, Folkvin, Volkewin) was the Master of the Order of Brothers of the Sword from 1209 to 1236. ... Wenno (Vinno, Winne), from Kassel-Naumburg, was the first Master of the Order of Brothers of the Sword, leading the Order from 1204 to 1209. ... William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221, was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. ... Lembitu (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) was one of the best-known Estonian leaders in the fight against the conquest of German Sword Brethren in the beginning of the 13th century. ... Vyachko (Russian: ; Latvian: Vetseke) was a Rusian prince who fought against the expansionism of the Germanic Livonian Knights at the turn of the 13th century. ... The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order started in 1202 by Albert von Buxhövden, bishop of Riga (or Prince... Heathen redirects here. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... This article is very long. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... The Teutonic knights in Pskov in 1240. ... The Livonian Confederation was a loosely organized alliance in present-day Estonia and Latvia that existed from 1228 to 1560s. ... William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221, was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. ... Estonia was a dominion of Denmark during Middle Ages. ...

History of war

Livonian Brothers of the Sword.

Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe in 1193. At the beginning of the 13th century, German crusaders from the northern Holy Roman Empire established the stronghold of Riga (in modern Latvia) and formed the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, or Livonian Order. Bishop Albert of Riga founded the Order to aid the Bishopric of Riga in the conversion of the pagan Curonians, Livonians, Semigallians, and Latgalians in Livonia and Courland along the Gulf of Riga. From its foundation the undisciplined Order tended to ignore its supposed vassalage to the bishops. Image File history File links LivoniaKnight. ... Image File history File links LivoniaKnight. ... Livonian Brothers The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order organized in 1202 by Albert of Buxhoeveden, bishop of Riga (or... Celestine III, né Giacinto Bobone (Rome, ca. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... Heathen redirects here. ... Northern Europe is marked in dark blue Northern Europe is a name of the northern part of the European continent. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... Coordinates: Founded 1201 Government  - Mayor Jānis Birks Area  - City 307. ... Livonian Brothers The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order organized in 1202 by Albert of Buxhoeveden, bishop of Riga (or... In general, conversion is the transformation of one thing into another. ... Heathen redirects here. ... The Curonians (also called Kursi, Latvian KurÅ¡i) are one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation. ... The Livonians were the indigenous Finnics who since ancient times populated the shores of the Gulf of Riga adjacent to the Indo-European Balts. ... The Semigallians (Latvian Zemgaļi, also Zemgalians, Semigalls, Semigalians) are one of the Baltic tribes that lived in the southern middle part of Latvia, Zemgale. ... The term Latgalians (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale (especially those who speak the Latgalian dialect of Latvian), or to the ancient Baltic tribe. ... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... Coat of arms of Courland Courland (Latvian: ; German: ; Latin: Curonia / Couronia; Lithuanian: ; Estonian: ; Polish: ; Russian: ) is an historical Baltic province now part of Latvia. ... The Gulf of Riga The Gulf of Riga (or Bay of Riga, Latvian RÄ«gas jÅ«ras lÄ«cis, Estonian Liivi Laht) is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. ... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The indigenous Livonians (Livs), who had been paying tribute to the East Slavic Principality of Polotsk, at first considered the Low Germans as useful allies, but as the German grip tightened, the Livonians under their quasi rex Caupo of Turaida took up arms against the crusaders. The Livonians were defeated and their Rurikid leader Vyachko was taken prisoner in 1206. The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of Slavic languages, currently spoken in Eastern Europe. ... Quasi is an indie rock band formed in Portland, Oregon in 1993, consisting of the ex-husband and wife team of Sam Coomes (vocals, guitar, roxichord, various keyboards) and Janet Weiss (also drummer for punk band Sleater-Kinney) on vocals and drums. ... Look up rex in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Caupo of Turaida (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) Livonian leader in the beginning of the 13th century. ... Rurik Dynasty ... Vyachko (Russian: ; Latvian: Vetseke) was a Rusian prince who fought against the expansionism of the Germanic Livonian Knights at the turn of the 13th century. ...

The Germans turned their attention to the Latvian tribes to the east in Latgalia. By 1208, the Germans were strong enough to begin operations against the Estonians (maarahvas), who were at that time divided into eight major and seven smaller elderships, which were led by elders with limited co-operation with each other. With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts in 1208, the crusaders initiated raids in Sackalia and Ugaunia in Southern Estonia. The Estonian tribes fiercely resisted the attacks from Riga and occasionally sacked territories controlled by the crusaders. In 1208-27, war parties of the different sides rampaged through Livonia, Latgalia, and different Estonian counties, with the Livs and Latgalians as varying allies of the crusaders and Estonians. Hill forts, which were the key centres of Estonian countries, were besieged and captured a number of times. Latgale or Latgalia (Polish: Łatgalia; German: Lettgallen) is one of the four cultural regions of Latvia recognised in the Constitution of the Latvian Republic. ... Latvians or Letts (Latvian: latvieši), the indigenous Baltic people of Latvia, occasionally refer to themselves by the ancient name of Latvji, which may have originated from the word Latve which is a name of the river that presumably flowed through what is now eastern Latvia. ... National motto: None Sackalia corresponded roughly to the present territory of Viljandi, a half of Pärnu, and a half of Valga maakond. ... The Ugaunians (ugalased in Estonian) is one of the Finnic tribes that were called Chudes in Russian and that later formed the Estonian nation. ... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... A hill fort is a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for military advantage. ...

By 1209 Koknese (Kokenhusen) had been taken over by the Order, whereupon Albert of Riga ordered the construction of a Gothic stone castle where the Daugava and Pērse Rivers meet to replace the wooden fortification of the Latvians; the sovereignty of Polotsk was finally revoked in 1215. A truce between the war-weary sides was established for three years (1213–1215). It proved generally more favourable to the Germans, who consolidated their political position, while the Estonians were unable to develop their system of loose alliances into a centralised state. They were led by Lembitu of Lehola, the elder of Sackalia, whose name had come to the attention of German chroniclers as a notable Estonian elder and the central figure of the Estonian resistance by 1211. The Livonian leader Caupo was killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day near Viljandi (Fellin) on September 21, 1217, but the battle was a crushing defeat for the Estonians, whose leader Lembitu was also killed. Koknese (-Latvian, German: Kokenh(a)usen, Polish: Kokenhuza) is a town in Aizkraukle County, Latvia on the right bank of the Daugava river. ... Gothic architecture is a style of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, which flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. ... Pierrefonds Castle, France Castle has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning. ... River Daugava flowing through Riga city into the Baltic Sea The Daugava or Western Dvina (Latvian: Daugava, German Düna, Belarusan: Заходняя Дзьвіна, Russian: За́падная Двина́, Finnish Väinä) is a river rising in the Valdai Hills, flowing through Russia and Belarus, and then Latvia, draining into the Gulf of Riga, an arm of... Lembitu (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) was one of the best-known Estonian leaders in the fight against the conquest of German Sword Brethren in the beginning of the 13th century. ... National motto: None Sackalia corresponded roughly to the present territory of Viljandi, a half of Pärnu, and a half of Valga maakond. ... County Viljandi County Mayor Peep Aru Area 14. ... September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... April 9 - Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III May 20 - First Barons War, royalist victory at Lincoln. ...

Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse, 1219.

The Order established their headquarters at Fellin (Viljandi) in Sackalia, where the walls of the Master's castle are still standing. Other strongholds included Wenden (Cēsis), Segewold (Sigulda), and Ascheraden (Aizkraukle). The commanders of Fellin, Goldingen (Kuldīga), Marienburg (Alūksne), Reval (Tallinn), and the bailiff of Weißenstein (Paide), belonged to the five-member entourage of the Order's Master. Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse, June 15, 1219. ... Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse, June 15, 1219. ... The Dannebrog. ... The Battle of Lyndanisse took place in 1219. ... County Viljandi County Mayor Peep Aru Area 14. ... CÄ“sis (German: Wenden) is a town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Vidzeme Central upland. ... Sigulda, a town in the Vidzeme Region in Latvia, is situated in the most picturesque part of the primeval Gauja valley. ... Aizkraukle (German: ) is a town in central Latvia. ... KuldÄ«ga (German: Goldingen) is a town in western Latvia. ... AlÅ«ksne (-Latvian, German: Marienburg, Estonian: Aluliina) is a town on the shores of Lake AlÅ«ksne in northeastern Latvia near the borders with Estonia and Russia. ... County Harju County Mayor Jüri Ratas Area 159. ... Bailiff (from Late Latin bajulivus, adjectival form of bajulus) is a governor or custodian (cf. ... Ruins of Weissenstein Castle. ...

The Christian kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden were also eager for expansion on the eastern shores of the Baltic. In 1218 Albert asked King Valdemar II of Denmark for assistance, but Valdemar instead arranged a deal with the Order. The king was victorious in the Battle of Lyndanisse in Revelia in 1219, in which the origin of the Dannebrog is attributed. He subsequently founded the fortress Castrum Danorum, which was unsuccessfully besieged by the Estonians in 1220 and 1223. King John I of Sweden tried to establish a Swedish presence in the province of Wiek, but the Swedish troops were defeated by the Oeselians in the Battle of Lihula in 1220. Revelia, Harrien, and Vironia, the whole of northern Estonia, fell to Danish control. Valdemar II (1170–1241), called Valdemar the Conqueror or Valdemar the Victorious, was the King of Denmark from 1202 until 1241. ... The Battle of Lyndanisse took place in 1219. ... Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse in Revelia. ... The Dannebrog. ... Castrum Danorum (Estonian: [now] Toompea loss; [previously probably] Taani linn, literally The Danish castle) is a castle on the limestone hill of Toompea in the central part of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, which for a time was also one of the names for the whole settlement of Tallinn during... Johan Sverkersson (c. ... Capital Haapsalu Governor Sulev Vare Area 2,383 km² (11th) Population (as of 2004)  - Density 28,101 (14th) 11. ... Combatants Estonian tribes Sweden Commanders  ? Jarl Charles the Deaf Strength  ? 500 men Casualties  ? Leader, bishop killed 500 men killed Battle of Lihula was fought between invading Swedes and Estonians for the control of the Lihula Castle in Lihula, Estonia in 1220. ... Vironia is the oldest Estonian national fraternity, founded in Riga on November 26, 1900. ...

Scandinavia in 1219. The realms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Livonian Order. In yellow, the island of Saaremaa (Ösel) claimed by Denmark (conquered by the Livonian Order in 1227) and the territories conquered by Denmark in northern Germany.

In 1223, the Novgorod Republic sent Vyachko to defend the Ugaunian fortress of Tharbata (Yuryev, Dorpat) against the Order. Although his druzhina was small, Vyachko managed to install himself in the fortress with support from local Estonians and to launch several raids against the crusaders. Early in 1224 Emperor Frederick II announced at Catania that Livonia, Prussia with Sambia and a number of neighboring provinces were reichsfrei, that is, subordinate directly to the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire only, as opposed to being under the jurisdiction of local rulers. In response, Albert of Riga besieged Tharbata in 1224 with a large force and offered a peace settlement. Vyachko refused to surrender, however, choosing to die with all of his supporters when the Livonian Order stormed the fortress. At the end of 1224 Pope Honorius III announced to all Christendom the appointment of Bishop William of Modena as papal legate for Livonia, Prussia, and other countries. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1754, 51 KB) The realms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Sword Brethren. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1754, 51 KB) The realms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Sword Brethren. ... Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe and includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. ... // Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade The Flag of Denmark fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Christopher I of Denmark (died 1259) Frederick II of Austria (died 1246) Guillaume de Gisors, supposedly the... Livonian Brothers The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order organized in 1202 by Albert of Buxhoeveden, bishop of Riga (or... This article is about the island. ... Northern Germany is the the geographic area of the five German states Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen and Schleswig-Holstein in the German Lowlands known as the Northern German Plain with Low German as the historic language (see: Benrath line). ... Medieval walls of Novgorod City The Novgorod Feudal Republic (Новгородская феодальная республика or Novgorodskaya feodalnaya respublika in Russian) was a powerful medieval state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th century. ... Vyachko (Russian: ; Latvian: Vetseke) was a Rusian prince who fought against the expansionism of the Germanic Livonian Knights at the turn of the 13th century. ... The Ugaunians (ugalased in Estonian) is one of the Finnic tribes that were called Chudes in Russian and that later formed the Estonian nation. ... County Tartu County Mayor Laine Jänes Area 38. ... Housecarls were household troops, personal warriors and equivalent to a royal bodyguard to Scandinavian kings. ... Frederick II (December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250), of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was a pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. ... Catania is the second-largest city of Sicily, southern Italy, and is the capital of the province which bears its name. ... A cropped image of Prussia from Spread of German settlements to the Eastward, 800-1400. (Full map. ... Sambia (German: ; Polish: ; Russian: ) is a peninsula in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, on the south-eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. ... The Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit (adjectives reichsfrei, reichsunmittelbar) was a special, privileged status a city or region could attain in the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... Honorius III, né Cencio Savelli (Rome, 1148 – March 18, 1227 in Rome), was Pope from 1216 to 1227. ... William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221, was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. ... A papal Legate, from the Decretals of Boniface VIII (1294 to 1303). ...

Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights, 1225-50.

The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia, one of the greatest medieval narratives, was written probably as a report for William of Modena, giving him the history of the Church in Livonia up to his time. It relates how in 1226, in the stronghold Tarwanpe, William of Modena successfully mediated a peace between the Germans, the Danes and the Vironians. The last Estonian eldership to hold out against the invaders was the island country of Saaremaa (Ösel), whose war fleets had raided Denmark and Sweden during the years of fighting against the German crusaders. A 20,000 strong army under William of Modena crossed the frozen sea while the Saaremaa fleet was icebound, in January 1227, and the Livonian Order conquered the last indigenous stronghold on the island. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (823x670, 34 KB) Other versions (WP:EN) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Lithuania Livonia Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights Teutonic-Estonian War ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (823x670, 34 KB) Other versions (WP:EN) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Lithuania Livonia Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights Teutonic-Estonian War ... This article needs to be wikified. ... The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Latvian: Indrika hronikas, Latin: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) is a historic document describing the history of Latvia and Estonia from 1180 to 1227. ... Rakvere (Wesenbergh in German) is a town in North Estonia, county seat of Lääne-Viru County, 20 km south of the Gulf of Finland. ... The Vironians (Estonian: Virulased) were one of the Finnic tribes that later formed the Estonian nation. ... This article is about the island. ...

After the conquest, all remaining local pagans of Estonia were ostensibly Christianized. William of Modena divided the conquered territory into the Livonian Confederation to appease the bickering Livonian Order and bishops. Denmark controlled the northern part of the country, henceforth known as Danish Estonia. Following the defeat of the Estonians, the crusade moved against the Curonians and Semigallians, Latvian tribes living to the south and west of the Daugava river. Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... The Livonian Confederation was a loosely organized alliance in present-day Estonia and Latvia that existed from 1228 to 1560s. ... Estonia was a dominion of Denmark during Middle Ages. ... The Curonians (also called Kursi, Latvian Kurši) are one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation. ... The Semigallians (Latvian Zemgaļi, also Zemgalians, Semigalls, Semigalians) are one of the Baltic tribes that lived in the southern middle part of Latvia, Zemgale. ... River Daugava flowing through Riga city into the Baltic Sea The Daugava or Western Dvina (Latvian: Daugava, German Düna, Belarusan: Заходняя Дзьвіна, Russian: За́падная Двина́, Finnish Väinä) is a river rising in the Valdai Hills, flowing through Russia and Belarus, and then Latvia, draining into the Gulf of Riga, an arm of...

Battles

Livonia, ca. 1260.

• Battle of Saaremaa, 1206
• Battle of Otepää, 1208
• Battle of Otepää, 1210
• Battle of the Ümera River, 1210
• Battle of Turaida, 1211
• Battle of Viljandi, 1211
• Battle of Lehola, 1215
• Battle of Riga, 1215
• Battle of Soontagan, 1215
• Battle of Otepää, 1217
• Battle of Soontagan, 1217
• Battle of St. Matthew's Day, 1217
• Battle of Lyndanisse, 1219
• Battle of Lihula, 1220
• Siege of Tallinn, 1221
• Battle of Soela, 1223
• Battle of the Ümera River Bridge, 1223
• Battle of Viljandi, 1223
• Siege of Tallinn, 1223
• Battle of Tharbata, 1224
• Battle of Muhu, 1227

Image File history File links Confederation_of_Livonia_1260. ... Image File history File links Confederation_of_Livonia_1260. ... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... Events Temujin is proclaimed Genghis Khan of the Mongol people, founding the Mongol Empire Qutb ud-Din proclaims the Mameluk dynasty in India, the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado, emperor of Japan Emperor Juntoku ascends to the throne of Japan Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for invading southern Italy in 1210 Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan about 1210 Beginning of Delhi Sultanate Births... // Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala and raid the Russian town... // Events A certified copy of the Magna Carta June 15 - King John of England forced to put his seal to the Magna Carta, outlining the rights of landowning men (nobles and knights) and restricting the kings power. ... April 9 - Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III May 20 - First Barons War, royalist victory at Lincoln. ... The Battle of Lyndanisse took place in 1219. ... // Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade The Flag of Denmark fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Christopher I of Denmark (died 1259) Frederick II of Austria (died 1246) Guillaume de Gisors, supposedly the... Combatants Estonian tribes Sweden Commanders  ? Jarl Charles the Deaf Strength  ? 500 men Casualties  ? Leader, bishop killed 500 men killed Battle of Lihula was fought between invading Swedes and Estonians for the control of the Lihula Castle in Lihula, Estonia in 1220. ... // The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khans Mongolian cavalry Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope... // Events August 6 - Louis VIII is crowned King of France. ... // Events August 6 - Louis VIII is crowned King of France. ... // Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Last of Arabs expelled from Sicily Births Deaths Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht (born 1153) Hojo Yoshitoki, regent of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan (born 1163) Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon...

See also

• Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
• Ikšķile

The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Latvian: Indrika hronikas, Latin: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) is a historic document describing the history of Latvia and Estonia from 1180 to 1227. ...

External links

• Eestlased (Estonian)
• Saaremaa 1100 - 1227