Conquest of Mecca
Part of the Muslim-Quraysh Wars
Muhammad advancing on Mecca in Siyer-i Nebi's The Life of the Prophet.
Date 630 CE Location Mecca Result Quraish surrender
Combatants
Muslims	Quraish
Commanders
Muhammad Khalid ibn al-Walid	Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
Strength
10,000	Unknown
Casualties
0	0

Mecca was conquered by the Muslims in January 630 AD (10th day of Ramadan8 AH).^[1] The Arabian Peninsula Emirets towers in United Arab Emirates; the eastern part of Arabian Penisula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ... Combatants Muslims Quraysh-led Coalition Commanders Muhammad Abu Sufyan Strength 700 3,000 Casualties 70 dead 22 The Battle of Uhud was fought on 23 March, 625, between a force from the small Muslim community of Medina, in what is now north-western Arabia, and a force from Mecca, the... Combatants Muslims Quraysh-led Coalition Commanders Muhammad Abu Sufyan ibn Harb Strength 3,000 10,000 Casualties only few few hundreds or more The Battle of the Trench or Battle of the Ditch (Arabic غزوة الخندق), also known as or Battle of Confederates (Arabic غزوة الاحزاب) was an attack by the non-Muslim Ahzab... Combatants Muslim Arabs Eastern Roman Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Zayd ibn Harithah † Jafar ibn Abu Talib † Abdullah ibn Rawahah † Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Theodorus Shurahbil ibn Amr al-Ghassani Strength 3,000 (Ibn Qayyim)[4][5] 3,000 (Ibn Hajar)[6][5] 100,000 according to Muslim sources... The Battle of Hunayn is the name of a battle where the prophet Muhammad participiated in the year 630 CE. Categories: Military stubs | Islam-related stubs ... The Siege of Taif took place in 630 CE, as the Muslims besieged the city of Taif after their victory in the Battle of Hunayn. ... The Ridda wars (also known as the Riddah wars and the Wars of Apostasy) were a set of military campaigns against apostasy and rebellion against the Caliph Abu Bakr during 632 and 633 AD, following the death of Muhammad(S). ... Combatants Muslims Rebel Apostates Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid MusailimaThe lair Strength 13,000 40,000 Casualties 1200 21,000 The Battle of Yamama was fought in December 632 A.C in the plain of Aqraba near Yamama. ... this battle took place in 633 A.C between tribal mistress Salma and Khalid ibn al-Walids army. ... This article, image, template or category should belong in one or more categories. ... battle took place between Khalid ibn al-Walid and a false prophet in 633 A.C september. ... this battle took place between the remaining army of battle of Buzakha and Khalid ibn al-Walids army 20 miles from buzakha. ... this battle took place in october 633 between reble armies and Khalid ibn al-Walids army. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Islamic conquest of Afghanistan. ... Combatants Muslims Persian Empire Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Hormuz,Qubaz and Anushjan Strength 18,000 25,000-30,000 Casualties about 200 10,000-12,000 The Battle of Chains took place Some time in the first week of April 633 (third week of Muharram, 12 Hijri). ... The Battle of River took place in Iraq between the Muslims and the Persian army. ... Combatants Rashidun Caliphate Sassanid Persian Empire, Christian Arab allies Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Andarzaghar Strength 15,000[1] 30,000-50,000[1] Casualties ~1000+ [1] 20,000-30,000 [1][2] The Battle of Walaja was a battle fought in Mesopotamia (Iraq) in May 633 between the Muslim... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Combatants Muslims Persians Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid  ? Strength 9000 Un-known Casualties very few. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... This article, image, template or category should belong in one or more categories. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Persian Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Mahbuzan,Huzail bin Imran. ... Combatants Muslims Christian Arabs. ... Combatants Muslims Christian Arabs. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Persian Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Yazdgerd III Strength 15,000[1] 100,000[2] Casualties Low 50,000[2] The Battle of Firaz was the last battle of the Muslim Arab commander Khalid ibn al-Walid (The Sword of Allah... Combatants Byzantine Empire Muslim Arabs (Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates) The Age of the Caliphs The Muslim conquest of Syria occured in the first half of the 7th century. ... Combatants Muslims Christian Arabs Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid  ? Strength 9000 unknown but less then muslims Casualties very Few Unknown but more then muslims. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Ghassanids Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Romanus Strength 4,000 infantry,[1] 1,500 cavalry[1] 12,000[1] Casualties 230[1] 8,000 Bosra was the first important town to be captured by the Muslims in Syria, as it was capital city of... Combatants Eastern Roman Empire Rashidun Caliphate Commanders Vardan (Governor of Emesa) Unknown Cubicularius Theodorus Khalid ibn al-Walid Amr Ibn al-As Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Shurahbil Yazid Ibn Abu Sufyan Strength 80,000[2] - 90,000[3] 32,000 (Al-Waqidi)[4][3] Casualties 50,000 (Al-Waqidi... Combatants Muslims Ghassanids Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid  ? Strength 9000 5000-6000 Casualties none Few hundreds. ... Combatants Muslim Arabs Roman Empire Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Heraclius Saqalar Strength 30,000 80,000 Casualties Unknown 10,000 The Battle of Fahl was a Byzantine-Arab battle fought between the Muslim Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid (The Sword of Allah) and the Roman Empire under Heraclius... Combatants Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine empire. ... Combatants Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine empire. ... Combatants Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine empire. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Combatants Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine empire. ... This battle took place between byzantine army and Khalid ibn al-Walids army near the city of hazir. ... Combatants Muslims Byzantine Empire Christian Arabs. ... Combatants Byzantine Empire,[1] Arab Ghassanids, Bulgarian Empire (later) Muslim Arabs (Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates) Syria was just the start of Arab expansion. ... Combatants Muslims Byzantine Empire Christian Arabs Commanders Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Khalid ibn al-Walid Unknown Strength 17,000 40,000-50,000 Casualties Unknown but few hundreds. ... Combatants Rashidun Caliphate Byzantine Empire Commanders Khalid ibn al-Walid Unknown Strength Unknown Unknown Casualties Unknown Unknown The Siege of Marash was led by Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate during their campaigns in Anatolia in 638. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Events Muhammad captures Mecca (January). ... This article is about Islamic religious observances in the month of Ramadan. ... 8 AH is a year in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to 629 – 630 CE. Jumada al-awwal: Battle of Mutah [1] Jumada al-thani: Dhat as-Salasil [2] Shaaban: Assault on Banu Bakra [3] Ramadan: Dispatchment to Edam [3] Ramadan, 10th: Conquest of Mecca [3] Hadith of...

Background

In 628 the Meccan tribe of Quraish and the Muslim community in Medina signed a 10 year truce called the Treaty of Hudaybiyya. Events Khusro II of Persia overthrown Pippin of Landen becomes Mayor of the Palace Brahmagupta writes the Brahmasphutasiddhanta Births Deaths Empress Suiko of Japan Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards Categories: 628 ... Banu Quraish was the dominant tribe of Mecca. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... Treaty of Hudaybiyya (628) In the name of Allah. ...

In 630, this truce was broken when the Banu Bakr, allies of the Quraish, attacked the Banu Khuza'a, who had recently become allies of the Muslims. Events Muhammad captures Mecca (January). ... The Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat (Arabic:بنو بكر) were an Arabian tribe of the Hejaz region, in western Arabia. ... Banu Khuzaa is a clan of the Quraish tribe. ...

Conquest

Abu Sufyan, the leader of the Quraish in Mecca, sensing that the balances were now tilted in Muhammad's favour and that the Quraish were not strong enough to hinder the Muslims from conquering the city, travelled to Medina, trying to restore the treaty. During his stay, he was repulsed by Ali and by his own daughter Ramlah, who now was one of Muhammad's wives. Though Muhammad refused to reach an agreement and Abu Sufyan returned to Mecca empty handed, these efforts ultimately ensured that the conquest occurred without battle or bloodshed. Abu Sufyan ibn Harb was the leader of the Banu Abd Shams clan of the Quraish tribe, and was the chieftain of the entire Quraish tribe, making him one of, if not the most powerful men in Mecca during the lifetime of Muhammad. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Ramlah binte Abi-Sufyan, رملة بنت أبي سفيان, aka Umm Habiba, أم حبيبة, was the daughter of Abu Sufyan. ...

Muhammad assembled an army of approximately 10,000 men and marched towards Mecca. Again Abu Sufyan travelled back and forth between Mecca and Muhammad, still trying to reach a settlement. According to the sources, he found assistance in Muhammad's uncle Al-Abbas, though some scholars consider that historians writing under the rule of Abbas' descendants, the Abbasid dynasty, had exaggerated Abbas' role and downplayed the role of Abu Sufyan, who was the ancestor of the Abbaside's enemies.^[2] Al-Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib (c. ...

Aftermath

On the eve of the conquest, Abu Sufyan adopted Islam. When asked by Muhammad, he conceded that the Meccan gods had proved powerless and that there were indeed "no god but God", the first part of the Islamic confession of faith. When asked about the second part, the prophethood of Muhammad, Abu Sufyan still expressed some doubt but eventually yielded to threats, issued according to different sources by either Abbas or Umar.^[2] In turn, Muhammad declared Abu Sufyan's house a sanctuary: Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib was an uncle of Muhammad Abbas I of Egypt, egyptian pasha (1813-1854) Abbas I of Safavid aka Abbas the Great, persian Shah (1557-1629) Abbas II of Egypt aka Abbas Hilmi Pasha, egyptian khedive (1874-1944) Abbas Mirza, Prince of Persia, (1789-1833) Abu... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ...

"Who enters the house of Abu Sufyan will be safe, who lays down arms will be safe, who locks his door will be safe".^[3]

He also declared:

Allah has made Mecca a sanctuary since the day He created the Heavens and the Earth, and it will remain a sanctuary by virtue of the sanctity Allah has bestowed on it until the Day of Resurrection. It (fighting in it) was not made lawful to anyone before me. Nor will it be made lawful to anyone after me, and it was not made lawful for me except for a short period of time. Its animals (that can be hunted) should not be chased, nor should its trees be cut, nor its vegetation or grass uprooted, nor its Luqata (most things) picked up except by one who makes a public announcement about it.'^[4]

Then along with his companions Muhammad visited the Ka'aba. The idols were broken and the stone gods were destroyed. Thereupon Muhammad recited the following verse from the Qur'an:"Say the Truth is come and falsehood gone; Verily falsehood is ever vanishing."^[5] The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ...

The people assembled at the Ka'aba, and Muhammad delivered the following address:

"There is no god but Allah. He has no associate. He has made good His promise that He held to his bondman and helped him and defeated all the confederates. Bear in mind that every claim of privilege, whether that of blood or property is abolished except that of the custody of the Ka'aba and of supplying water to the pilgrims. Bear in mind that for any one who is slain the blood money is a hundred camels. People of Quraish, surely God has abolished from you all pride of the time of ignorance and all pride in your ancestry, because all men are descended from Adam, and Adam was made of clay."

Then Muhammad turning to the people said:

"O ye Quraish, what do you think of the treatment that I should accord you?"

And they said, "Mercy, O Prophet of Allah. We expect nothing but good from you." Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ...

Thereupon Muhammad declared: "I speak to you in the same words as Joseph spoke to his brothers. This day there is no reproof against you; Go your way, for you are free."^[6] Muhammad's prestige grew after the surrender of the Meccans. Embassies from all over Arabia came to Medina to submit to him.

Ten people were ordered to be killed:^[7]

1. Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl
2. Habbar bin Aswad
3. Abdullah bin Sa'd Abi Sarah
4. Miqyas Subabah Laythi
5. Huwairath bin Nuqayd
6. Abdullah Hilal
7. four women who have been guilty of murder or other offences or have sparked off the war^[7]

However, they were not all killed, at least Ikrimah lived to adopt Islam and fight in future battles among Muslim ranks. Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl was an important early Muslim leader and companion of Muhammad. ...

Prophecies of the event in other books

Certain Muslim scholars believe the conquest of Mecca was foretold in Deuteronomy 33:2 and Song of Solomon 5:10 of the Bible. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Song of Solomon (disambiguation). ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ...

And he said, The LORD came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands of saints: from his right hand [went] a fiery law for them.^[8]

My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand.^[9]

These scholars argue

• that it was from Sinai that "God came from", the place Moses had his most glorious moment by revealing the ten commandments.
• that Seir, from where "God dawned", is where Jesus had had his moment of glory, the place where he held The Sermon on the Mount
• that it was in Paran that Ishmael came to live^[10]
• that the "ten thousand saints" are the troops of Muhammad, who was from Ishmael's progeny, which conquered Mecca. The Hebraic word that is translated as "ten thousands" is ribboth, the plural of ribabah, which means multitude, myriad, or just ten thousand.
• that Muhammad had a "fiery law for them". The Hebraic word that is translated as "fiery law for them" is eshdath {esh-dawth'}, and means "fiery law", "fire of a law", or "fire was a law" (meaning uncertain). It is believed to come from a Persian word and could mean "something set" or "right", "Justice" or "to give". Muslims believe that Muhammad gave the Right and Just Law, that would "be set" and never be changed.
• that "He shined forth" implied the zenith, or height and perfection of revelation.

This event is also argued to have been prophesied in the Hindu book Bhavishya Purana. Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... This article is about the list of religious and moral imperatives. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The Sermon on the Mount by Carl Heinrich Bloch. ... The Desert of Paran or Wilderness of Paran, is quite likely the place where the Israelites spent part of their 40 years of wandering around. ... Hagar and Ishmael in the Wilderness, by Karel Dujardin Ishmael (Hebrew: יִשְׁמָעֵאל, Standard Tiberian ; Arabic: إسماعيل, Ismāīl) was Abrahams eldest son, born by his wifes handmaiden Hagar. ... The Modern Hebrew language is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. ... “Farsi” redirects here. ... In broad terms, the zenith is the direction pointing directly above a particular location (perpendicular, orthogonal). ... The Bhavishya Purana is an ancient Sanskrit text authored by Rishi Vyasa, the compiler of the Vedic texts. ...

When he saw that the moral law of conduct was declining he went to conquer all the directions of his country with ten-thousand soldiers commanded by Kalidasa. He crossed the river Sindhu and conquered over the gandharas, mlecchas, shakas, kasmiris, naravas and sathas. He punished them and collected a large amount of wealth. Then the king went along with Mohamada, the preceptor of mleccha-dharm.^[11]

References