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In Canada, political conservatism is generally considered to be primarily represented by the Conservative Party of Canada at the federal level, and by the various right-leaning parties at the provincial levels. Organized conservatism in Canada dates back to the victory of the Reform party and the Baldwin-LaFontaine administration on January 24, 1848. Image File history File links Information. ...
Ths article deals with conservatism as a political philosophy. ...
The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. ...
Cultural conservatism is conservatism with respect to culture. ...
Liberal conservatism is a variant of conservatism that combines the classical conservative concern for established tradition, respect for authority and (sometimes) religious values with liberal ideas, especially on economic issues (see economic liberalism, which advocates free market capitalism). ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Neoconservatism is a political movement that emerged as a rejection of liberalism and the New Left counter-culture of the 1960s. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Libertarianism is a political philosophy that holds that individuals should be allowed complete freedom of action as long as they do not infringe on the freedom of others. ...
Fiscal conservatism (also known as economic liberalism) is a term used in the United States to refer to economic and political policy that advocates restraint of government taxation, government expenditures and deficits, and government debt. ...
This page deals with property as ownership rights. ...
The rule of law is the principle that governmental authority is legitimately exercised only in accordance with written, publicly disclosed laws adopted and enforced in accordance with established procedure. ...
Social order is a concept used in sociology, history and other social sciences. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Many countries have political parties that are deemed to represent conservative, center-right, or Tory views which may be referred to informally as conservative parties even if not explicitly named so. ...
The International Democrat Union (IDU) is an international grouping of conservative, neoconservative and Christian democratic political parties. ...
The European Peoples Party (EPP) is the largest European political party. ...
The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ...
Canadian conservatism has always been rooted in a preference for the traditional, and established ways of doing things, even as it has shifted in economic, foreign and social policy. Like Edmund Burke, they rejected the sense of both ideology and revolution, preferring pragmatism and evolution. It is for that reason, unlike in the US, the conservatives are not Republicans, preferring the Queen and the Westminster system of government.
History
Pre-Confederation In the early days of electoral politics in Canada, the term conservatives or Tories applied to those people who supported the authority of colonial governors and their advisors over the elected assemblies. These conservatives took their cues from British Tories, especially Burke. They supported royal privilege, and were avowedly anti-democratic. Tory supporters were often descended from loyalists who had fled the United States during the American Revolution and War of Independence. They were wary of emulating the US's "mob rule" and preferred a strong role for traditional elites such as landowners and the church in politics. Many were Anglicans who supported keeping the Church of England as Canada's established church. In each colony, Tories contested elections as the personal party of the governor. Business elites who surrounded the governor also hoped to gain patronage. In Upper Canada this was the Family Compact, in Lower Canada the Chateau Clique. Opposition to the rule of this oligarchies resulted in the Rebellions of 1837. After the rebellions, Lord Durham (a Whig or liberal) issued Report on the Affairs of British North America a report to the British government that recommended giving most powers in colonial governments from the governor to the elected assemblies. This new arrangement, called responsible government, mirrored earlier changes that had occurred in Britain. The name United Empire Loyalists is given to those American Loyalists who resettled in British North America and other British Colonies as an act of fealty to King George III after the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War. ...
The Family Compact was the informal name for the wealthy, conservative elite of Upper Canada in the early 19th century. ...
The Ch teau Clique was a group of wealthy families in Lower Canada in the early 19th century. ...
The Rebellions of 1837 were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform and ethnic conflict. ...
John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham (12 April 1792 - 28 July 1840), was a British Whig statesman and colonial administrator, Governor-General and high commissioner of British North America. ...
The Report on the Affairs of British North America, commonly known as Lord Durhams Report, is an important document in the history of Quebec, Canada and the British Empire. ...
The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ...
Responsible government is a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy. ...
Baldwin-LaFontaine The Baldwin-LaFontaine administration combined the 'Bleus' in Lower Canada, with the Reformers in Upper Canada, the first successful merger of Conservatives in both French and English Canada. Their partnership had been cemented by the unheard of concession made by Baldwin in 1841, whereupon he resigned his own seat in York, after LaFontaine lost, and gave him the seat. Later, Baldwin would receive the same kindness when LaFontaine gave up his seat in Rimouski to permit Baldwin to serve in the legislature, even though Baldwin spoke no French.
Unlike the Radicals in French Canada, and the Clear Grits in English Canada, the Reformers sought to not only preserve the unique institutions of Canada, but also to establish Responsible government. Robert Baldwin is best noted for his argument, that Responsible government was the people of Canada claiming the rights of the British Constitution for their own. Rather then rejecting the structure, they insisted on bearing full responsibility, not through revolution but through negotiation.
LaFontaine was much the same. In his earlier years he had been consumed with the Revolution in Lower Canada, and watched at first hand the defeat of the Patriotes, and the necessity for the survival of the French Canadian people. LaFontaine believed that it was only through the British Constitution that they would survive, and that they must form an alliance with the English Canadians who also sought to defend the British Constition and the Westminster system of government. In this, he found common ground in Baldwin. Their alliance inspired their eventual successors in Cartier and MacDonald, who formed the foundation of Canadian conservativism for nearly half a century until the Laurier Administration.
Macdonald-Cartier era The original Tory coaltition was marked by the partnership of John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier. Their "national policy" of high tariffs against the United States, and intense railway building, became the basis of a political dynasty that dominated Canadian politics from Confederation in 1867, with a brief hiatus, to Macdonald's death in office in 1891. The greatest strain in this coalition came during the Riel Rebellions of 1869 and 1885, which inflamed French-English and Protestant-Catholic tensions in the country. After Macdonald's death, the coalition faltered and the Liberal party rose to dominate Quebec, and in the process became the natural governing party. Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, QC, DCL, LL.D was born on January 11, 1815 in Glasgow, Scotland. ...
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An eastbound CPR freight at Stoney Creek Bridge in Rogers Pass. ...
The Riel Rebellion (or more precisely Riel Rebellions) is the name often given to two uprisings led by Louis Riel in what are now Manitoba and Saskatchewan. ...
Interregnum The death of Macdonald left a large power vacuum in the Conservative party, leading to the short administration of first Abbott, who was the Protestant compromise choice. Abbot's administration collapsed when his cabinet walked out on him, forcing him to resign and allowing the first Catholic Prime Minister in Canada, John Sparrow Thompson. At just 45, he expected to become the Tory successor, but after only a year in office he died from a stroke. Two more Conservatives served out the end of the Conservative government, until the election in 1896 when the coalition of French and English Canadians fell apart and Laurier became the first Liberal leader in Canada. The Liberals would dominate for the next fourteen years until the emergence of Robert Borden
Robert Borden
Meighan and the King/Byng affair
Desert Wanderings
The prairie firebrand
Progressive Conservativism
Mulroney and the modern conservatives
Preston Manning
Reunited at Last
Progressive Conservatives Throughout most of the last century, the Progressive Conservative Party (often abbreviated PC) dominated conservative politics at the federal level and in most provinces. Canada had many conservative Prime Ministers in the past, but the first to be elected under the Progressive Conservative banner was John Diefenbaker who served from 1957-1963. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
John George Diefenbaker, CH, PC, QC, BA, MA, LL.B, LL.D, DCL, FRSC, FRSA, D.Litt, DSL, (18 September 1895 – 16 August 1979) was the 13th Prime Minister of Canada (1957 – 1963). ...
Joe Clark became Prime Minister with a minority government in 1979, but lost to a non-confidence vote after only nine months, and the Liberals again took power. After Pierre Trudeau's retirement in 1984, his successor, John Turner, called a federal election, which was won in a landslide by the PCs under Brian Mulroney. Mulroney succeeded by uniting conservatives from Western Canada with those from Quebec. During his tenure, the government attempted to negotiate the status of Quebec through the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords. The government's willingness to affirm Quebec's demands for recognition as a distinct society was seen as a betrayal by many westerners as well as angering Canadian Nationalists mostly from Ontario. The Reform Party of Canada was founded on a strongly social conservative and fiscal conservative platform as an alternative voice for these western conservatives. Following Mulroney's resignation in 1993 and Kim Campbell's brief tenure, the Conservatives were reduced to only two seats in Parliament. Much former PC support went to the Reform Party under Preston Manning, which became the official opposition from 1997-2000. Charles Joseph Joe Clark, PC, CC, AOE, MA, LLD (born June 5, 1939) was the sixteenth prime minister of Canada, from June 4, 1979, to March 3, 1980. ...
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For other uses, see Pierre Elliott Trudeau (disambiguation). ...
John Napier Turner, PC, CC, QC, MA, BCL, LLD (born June 7, 1929) was the seventeenth Prime Minister of Canada from June 30, 1984 to September 17, 1984. ...
Martin Brian Mulroney, PC, CC, GOQ, LLD (born March 20, 1939), was the eighteenth Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. ...
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, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
The Meech Lake Accord was a set of failed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the provincial premiers, including Robert Bourassa, premier of Quebec. ...
Headline on October 27, 1992 Globe and Mail. ...
Distinct society (in French la société distincte) was a political neologism used during a constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half of the 1980s and in the early 1990s. ...
The Flag of Canada Canadian nationalism is a loose term which has been applied to ideologies of several different types which highlight and promote specifically Canadian interests over those of other countries, notably the United States. ...
Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked...
The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party that existed from 1987 to 2000. ...
Social conservatism is a belief in traditional morality and social mores and the desire to preserve these in present day society, often through civil law or regulation. ...
Conservatism or political conservatism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. ...
Avril Phaedra Douglas Campbell, PC, QC, LL.B, LL.D (h. ...
Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Senate Chamber of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. ...
Ernest Preston Manning (born June 10, 1942, in Edmonton, Alberta), is a right-wing populist Canadian politician. ...
Support for both the Reform Party and the Progressive Conservatives was negligible in Quebec until the 2006 federal election, where the renewed Conservative party won 10 seats in Quebec. In the west, the Reform Party took most of the PC Party's former seats, but held much more socially or economically conservative views than the old party on most subjects (regarding, for example, homosexuality, religion in public life, gun control, and government intervention in the economy). Rendition of party representation in the 39th Canadian parliament decided by this election. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Gun politics. ...
The PCs retained moderate support in the Atlantic Provinces, eventually managing to regain a few seats. They also retained scattered support across the country. The result was that neither new party managed to approach the success of the Progressive Conservatives prior to 1993. In many ridings the conservative vote was split, letting other parties win: the Liberal Party under Jean Chrétien won three successive majority governments starting in 1993. During this period, either the Bloc Québécois or the Reform Party were the Official Opposition. Atlantic Canada consists of the four Canadian provinces on the Atlantic Ocean: Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. ...
This article or section should be merged with Spoiler effect A split vote, or vote splitting, occurs in an election when the existence of two or more candidates that represent relatively similar viewpoints among voters reduces the votes received by each of them, reducing the chances of any one of...
Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, usually known as Jean Chrétien, PC, QC, BA, BCL, LLD (h. ...
In the Westminster System, a majority government is one in which the government enjoys an absolute majority of seats in the legislature or Parliament. ...
The Bloc Québécois is a centre-left federal political party in Canada that is devoted to the promotion of sovereignty for Quebec. ...
After the 1997 federal election some members of the Reform Party tried to end the vote splitting by merging the two parties. A new party was formed, called the Canadian Alliance, and Stockwell Day was elected its leader. However, many PCs resisted the move, suspecting that Reform Party ideology would dominate the new party, and the new Party garnered only a little more support than its predecessor. Meanwhile the PCs re-elected Joe Clark as their leader and attempted to regain lost ground. 36th Parliament The Canadian federal election of 1997 was held on June 2, 1997, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ...
The Canadian Alliance, formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance, was a Canadian conservative political party that existed from 2000 to 2003. ...
Stockwell Burt Day Jr. ...
Charles Joseph Joe Clark, PC, CC, AOE, MA, LLD (born June 5, 1939) was the sixteenth prime minister of Canada, from June 4, 1979, to March 3, 1980. ...
Day's tenure was marked by a number of public gaffes and apparent publicity stunts, and he was widely portrayed as incompetent and ignorant. Several MPs left his party in 2002.
Shifting views Originally, Canadian conservatism tended to be loyalist and traditionalist. Conservative governments in Canada, such as those of Sir John A. Macdonald, Sir Robert Borden, Richard Bennett, and John Diefenbaker were known for the creation of government-operated businesses (early Crown Corporations such as the Canadian National Railway) to develop and protect Canadian industries, protectionist programs such as the National Policy, and even social benefits such as pensions and the beginnings of Universal Health Care. Canadian conservatism thus mirrored British Conservatism in its values and economic/political outlook. Canadian conservatives have generally favoured the continuation of old political institutions, government intervention in the economy when necessary, and strong ties to the monarchy. This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ...
The Right Honourable Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, QC (January 11, 1815 - June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada from July 1, 1867 - November 5, 1873 - and - October 17, 1878 - June 6, 1891. ...
Sir Robert Laird Borden (June 26, 1854–June 10, 1937) was the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920. ...
For the British composer named Richard Bennett, see Richard Rodney Bennett. ...
John George Diefenbaker, CH, PC, QC, BA, MA, LL.B, LL.D, DCL, FRSC, FRSA, D.Litt, DSL, (18 September 1895 – 16 August 1979) was the 13th Prime Minister of Canada (1957 – 1963). ...
In Commonwealth countries a Crown corporation is a state-controlled company or enterprise (a public corporation). ...
The Canadian National Railway (CN; AAR reporting marks CN, CNA, CNIS) is a Canadian Class I railway operated by the Canadian National Railway Company headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. ...
Protectionism is the economic policy of promoting favored domestic industries through the use of high tariffs and other regulations to discourage imports. ...
The National Policy was a Canadian economic program introduced by John A. Macdonalds Conservative Party in 1879 after it returned to power. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is the second largest political party in the United Kingdom in terms of sitting Members of Parliament (MPs), the largest in terms of public membership, and the oldest political party in the United Kingdom. ...
The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994. ...
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the rise of Conservative politicians in Canada such as Ralph Klein, Don Getty, Brian Mulroney, Preston Manning, Mike Harris and others, the objectives and values of Conservatives in Canada began to mimic those of fiscal conservatives in both the US and UK. With the rise in inflation and a large budgetary deficit in Canada from the Trudeau administration, emphasis was put on "shrinking the size of government" (in part, through privatization), pursuing continentalist trade arrangements (free trade, creating tax incentives and cutting "government waste". Ralph Phillip Klein MLA (born November 1, 1942), leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservatives, is the current premier of the Canadian province of Alberta. ...
Donald Ross Getty (born August 30, 1933), Canadian politician, was Premier of Alberta and leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party between 1985 and 1992. ...
Martin Brian Mulroney, PC, CC, GOQ, LLD (born March 20, 1939), was the eighteenth Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. ...
Ernest Preston Manning (born June 10, 1942, in Edmonton, Alberta), is a right-wing populist Canadian politician. ...
Michael Deane Harris (born January 23, 1945, in Toronto, Ontario) was the twenty-second Premier of Ontario from June 26, 1995 to April 15, 2002. ...
A budget deficit occurs when an entity (often a government) spends more money than it takes in. ...
This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ...
During the government of Brian Mulroney (1984-1993), government spending on social programs was cut, taxes for individuals and businesses were reduced (but a new national tax appeared for nearly all goods and services), government intervention in the economy was significantly reduced, a free trade agreement was drafted with the United States, and Crown Corporations such as Teleglobe, Petro-Canada and Air Canada (some created by previous Conservative governments) were sold to both domestic and foreign private buyers (privatized). Ironically, due to the massive and record deficits incurred under the Trudeau administration, the federal debt continued to rise. It was not until the end of his administration this Conservative government's program of spending finally halted the growth in the federal debt. Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ...
In Commonwealth countries a Crown corporation is a state-controlled company or enterprise (a public corporation). ...
Teleglobe is an international telco carrier. ...
Petro-Canada is a Canadian oil and gas firm headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. ...
Air Canada is Canadas largest airline and flag carrier. ...
The Progressive Conservative Party lost a large base of its support toward the end of the Mulroney era. Brian Mulroney's failed attempts to reform the Canadian Constitution with the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords, and the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax only increased public anger. In the 1993 federal election, the PC Party was reduced to only two seats out of 295 in the Canadian House of Commons. The Liberal Party of Canada was elected with a strong majority and the Reform Party of Canada gradually replaced the Tories as the major right-wing party in Canada. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada. ...
The Meech Lake Accord was a set of failed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the provincial premiers, including Robert Bourassa, premier of Quebec. ...
Headline on October 27, 1992 Globe and Mail. ...
The Goods and Services Tax is a Value-added tax that exists in a number of countries. ...
Popular vote map with bar graphs showing seat totals in the provinces and territories. ...
The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ...
The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party. ...
The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party that existed from 1987 to 2000. ...
Throughout the 1990s, most neoconservatives in the PC Party began to drift slowly to the Reform Party, and then in droves to its successor, the Canadian Alliance, leaving the PC Party under the control of the traditionally more popular Red Tory faction. Despite taking what was believed to be more popular approaches on social issues, the Tories significantly fell in the popular vote from the 1997 to 2000 elections and were never able to greatly increase their representation in the House of Commons (partially due to the First Past the Post electoral system that Canada uses). Instead, the Reform Party and then Canadian Alliance dominated the opposition benches. The Canadian Alliance, formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance, was a Canadian conservative political party that existed from 2000 to 2003. ...
The Red Tory Tradition: Ancient Roots-New Routes, by Ron Dart Red Tory is a term given to a political philosophy, tradition, and disposition in Canada. ...
The term Tory derives from the Tory Party, the ancestor of the modern UK Conservative Party. ...
The plurality voting system, also known as first past the post, is a voting system used to elect a single winner in a given election. ...
In 2003, when former Prime Minister Joe Clark retired after being brought back to improve the PC party's standings, Peter MacKay was chosen in a leadership contest to replace him. MacKay immediately created controversy within the party by entering into negotiations with Canadian Alliance leader Stephen Harper to merge the two parties. MacKay had been elected on a third ballot of the party's leadership convention as a result of an agreement that he signed with another leadership contestant, David Orchard, in which he promised never to merge the PC Party with the Alliance. Peter Gordon MacKay, PC, BA, LL.B, MP (born September 27, 1965) serves as the member of Parliament (MP) for Central Nova, Nova Scotia, Canadas Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister for the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency. ...
Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. ...
In Canadian politics, a leadership convention is held by a political party when the party needs to choose a leader due to a vacancy or a challenge to the incumbent leader. ...
David Orchard (born June 28, 1950, in Borden, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian political figure and a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. ...
Later on that year, the Progressive Conservative Party, which dated back to 1854 (though existing under many different names), merged with the Canadian Alliance. 96% of the Alliance's membership and 92% of the PC Party's riding representatives approved the merger. The Conservative Party of Canada was then created, and, in 2004, Stephen Harper was elected leader. Under Stephen Harper, the platform of the Conservative Party emphasised fiscal restraint, increases in military spending, tax cuts and Senate Reform. The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ...
The role of conservatism in western Canada The four western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba have long been a hotbed for protest politics and political parties of the far left and far right. All four provinces have strong rural and Christian constituencies, leading to an active presence of the Christian Right. Historically, the heavy presence of agriculture led to the emergence in the past of large left-leaning, agrarian farmer's based protest movements such as the Progressive Party of Canada and the United Farmers of Canada which supported free trade with the United States and increased social benefits. These movements were later absorbed by the Liberal Party of Canada and the socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). During the Great Depression two radical protest movements appeared, the CCF in Saskatchewan advocated progressive social policies and democratic socialism; while in Alberta, the Social Credit Party of Alberta formed a popular long-lasting provincial government that favoured evangelical Christian conservatism, provincial control over natural resources, limited government intervention in the economy and a radical philosophy known as Social Credit based on providing dividends to the population to support small businesses and free enterprise. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area Ranked 4th - Total 944,735 km...
Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked...
Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked...
Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation...
Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box: The term Christian Right is used...
Agrarian has two meanings: It can mean pertaining to Agriculture It can also refer to the ideology of Agrarianism and Agrarian parties. ...
The Progressive Party of Canada was a political party in Canada in the 1920s and 1930s. ...
The United Farmers movement in Canada rose to prominence after World War I. With the failure of the wartime Union government to alter a tariff structure that hurt farmers, various farmers movements across Canada became more radical and entered the political arena. ...
Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ...
The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party. ...
Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ...
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was a Canadian political party founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, farm, co-operative and labour groups, and the League for Social Reconstruction. ...
The Great Depression was a dramatic, worldwide economic downturn beginning in some countries as early as 1928. ...
Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked...
The Social Credit Party of Alberta is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada, that was founded on the social credit monetary policy and conservative Christian social values. ...
Social Credit (often called Socred for short) is an economic ideology and a social movement which started in the early 1920s. ...
The Social Credit Party went on to dominate the government of Alberta from 1934-1971 and British Columbia from 1951-1972 and 1975-1991. However unlike the CCF which survived the test of time and expanded to form provincial governments and gain support nationwide and later morphing into the social democratic, New Democratic Party the Social Credit Party eventually died out. Their popularity grew in Quebec leading to Western supporters of Social Credit feeling isolated by the federal party's Quebec nationalism. The provincial Social Credit governments of British Columbia and Alberta eventually abandoned Social Credit economic policies and followed staunchly conservative policies, while maintaining ties with the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada as opposed to the federal Social Credit Party of Canada. In BC the Social Credit Party was replaced as the party of the right wing by the British Columbia Liberal Party, and in Alberta they were completely annihilated by the more moderate Alberta Progressive Conservative Party, leaving both parties as marginal political minnows. In the 1980 federal election, the Social Credit Party of Canada lost all of its remaining seats and was forced to disband in 1989. Most of its Western members moved onto the ideologically similar Reform Party of Canada, founded by Preston Manning, the son of Alberta's former Social Credit premier, Ernest Manning. Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ...
This article is about the Canadian political party. ...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
Quebec nationalism is the subject of many international studies together with the contemporary nationalism of Scotland, Catalonia and other non-sovereign regions of the world. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Social Credit Party of Canada (French: Parti Crédit social du Canada), was a conservative - populist political party in Canada that promoted social credit theories of monetary reform. ...
The British Columbia Liberal Party (usually referred to as the BC Liberals) is the governing political party in British Columbia, Canada. ...
The Alberta Progressive Conservative Party is a provincial right-of-centre party in the Canadian province of Alberta. ...
The House of Commons after the 1980 election The 1980 Canadian federal election was called when the minority Progressive Conservative government led by Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. ...
The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party that existed from 1987 to 2000. ...
Ernest Preston Manning (born June 10, 1942, in Edmonton, Alberta), is a right-wing populist Canadian politician. ...
Hon. ...
The Reform Party grew out of the province of Alberta and was fed by dissatisfaction with the federal Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney. Right-wing Westerners felt that Mulroney's neoliberal economic policies did not go nearly far enough, that his government was overly favourable towards the more populous provinces of Quebec and Ontario, that his policies on social issues such as abortion and the death penalty were too liberal, and that, like the Liberal Party of Canada, the Progressive Conservatives had allegedly come to not take Western demands for provincial economic autonomy seriously enough. Martin Brian Mulroney, PC, CC, GOQ, LLD (born March 20, 1939), was the eighteenth Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. ...
The term neoliberalism is used to describe a political-economic philosophy that had major implications for government policies beginning in the 1970s – and increasingly prominent since 1980 – that de-emphasizes or rejects positive government intervention in the economy, focusing instead on achieving progress and even social justice by...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area [1] Ranked...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ...
The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party. ...
Though for most of the 1990s the Tories enjoyed roughly the same electoral support as the Reform Party due to Canada's First Past the Post system of elected representatives to the Canadian House of Commons, Reform dominated the position of Official Opposition to the government. In 1999 the Reform Party was dissolved and joined by some right-wing members of the PC Party to create the Canadian Alliance; however, this party was unable to attract any real support east of Manitoba and was dissolved in 2003, merging with the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada to create the new Conservative Party of Canada. This party, led by former Alliance leader Stephen Harper, won a minority government in the 2006 federal election, with 36% of the vote and 124 seats in the House of Commons out of 308. The plurality voting system, also known as first past the post, is a voting system used to elect a single winner in a given election. ...
The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ...
The Canadian Alliance, formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance, was a Canadian conservative political party that existed from 2000 to 2003. ...
The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ...
Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. ...
This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Rendition of party representation in the 39th Canadian parliament decided by this election. ...
In Alberta, the Progressive Conservatives have dominated the government since 1971, following slightly right-wing policies under premiers Peter Lougheed, Don Getty and Ralph Klein. In BC, the BC Liberals have taken a rightward economic turn under Premier Gordon Campbell in contrast to the previous left-wing New Democrats, to fill the gap left by the defeat of the Socreds. In Saskatchewan and Manitoba, the social democratic New Democratic Party currently forms governments in both provinces; however, federally, the Conservatives are dominant in all four Western provinces. Peter Lougheed, painting by C. Leeper The Honourable Peter Lougheed, PC , CC , QC (born July 26, 1928, in Calgary, Alberta) is a Canadian lawyer, politician and Canadian Football League player. ...
Donald Ross Getty (born August 30, 1933), Canadian politician, was Premier of Alberta and leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party between 1985 and 1992. ...
Ralph Phillip Klein MLA (born November 1, 1942), leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservatives, is the current premier of the Canadian province of Alberta. ...
Gordon Muir Campbell, BA, MBA, MLA (born January 12, 1948) is the 34th Premier of British Columbia. ...
This article is about the Canadian political party. ...
Philosophies/ideologies/factions For other uses, see Tory (disambiguation). ...
The Red Tory Tradition: Ancient Roots-New Routes, by Ron Dart Red Tory is a term given to a political philosophy, tradition, and disposition in Canada. ...
Blue Tories are, in Canadian politics, members of the former Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and current Conservative Party of Canada who are more ideologically Right wing. ...
For the school of international relations, see Neoliberalism (international relations). ...
Neoconservatism in Canada is the new strand of Conservatism found within Canada. ...
Canadian conservative parties
Federal
Represented in Parliament A rump Progressive Conservative caucus also sits in the Canadian Senate. The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Senate of Canada (French: Le Sénat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ...
Minor parties:
The Progressive Canadian Party (PC Party) is a minor federal political party in Canada. ...
There are two groups that have used the name the Christian Heritage Party. Christian Heritage Party of Canada Christian Heritage New Zealand (formerly the Christian Heritage Party) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
The Libertarian Party of Canada is a minor political party in Canada that adheres to the philosophy of libertarianism. ...
The Party of Alberta is a federal political party that was formed in November 2006 and is based in Calgary, Alberta. ...
Provincial The Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a centre-right political party in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. ...
The PEI Progressive Conservative Party is one of two major political parties on Prince Edward Island. ...
The Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick is a political party in New Brunswick, Canada. ...
The Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Party is a centre-right political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. ...
The Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) is a fiscally conservative, nationalist and populist provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. ...
The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party of Ontario, also known as Tories) is a right-of-centre political party in Ontario, Canada. ...
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre political party in Manitoba, Canada. ...
This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...
The Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan is a political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. ...
The Alberta Progressive Conservative Party is a provincial right-of-centre party in the Canadian province of Alberta. ...
The Alberta Alliance is a right wing political party in Alberta. ...
The British Columbia Conservative Party is a conservative political party in British Columbia, Canada. ...
The British Columbia Liberal Party (usually referred to as the BC Liberals) is the governing political party in British Columbia, Canada. ...
A premier is an executive official of government. ...
Gordon Muir Campbell, BA, MBA, MLA (born January 12, 1948) is the 34th Premier of British Columbia. ...
The Yukon Party is a conservative political party in the Yukon Territory of Canada. ...
Historical The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party that existed from 1987 to 2000. ...
The Canadian Alliance, formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance, was a Canadian conservative political party that existed from 2000 to 2003. ...
Anti-Confederation was the name used by several parties in what is now Atlantic Canada by movements opposed to Canadian confederation. ...
Historically in Quebec, Canada, there was a number of political parties that were part of the Canadian social credit movement. ...
The Social Credit Party of Canada (French: Parti Crédit social du Canada), was a conservative - populist political party in Canada that promoted social credit theories of monetary reform. ...
The British Columbia Social Credit Party, whose members are known as Socreds, was the governing political party of British Columbia for more than 30 years between the 1952 provincial election and the 1991 election, although there was a break between the 1972 and 1975 elections when the New Democratic Party...
The Reform Party of British Columbia (Reform BC) is a populist political party in British Columbia, Canada, which for much of its history was associated with the right wing. ...
The British Columbia Unity Party is a political party in British Columbia, Canada. ...
The Social Credit Party of Alberta is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada, that was founded on the social credit monetary policy and conservative Christian social values. ...
The Representative Party of Alberta was a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada formed by Raymond Speaker in the mid-1980s. ...
The Alberta Party began as an alliance of the Social Credit Party of Alberta, Western Canada Concept, and the Heritage Party of Alberta in 1986. ...
The Alberta First Party was a right_wing political party that operated in Alberta, Canada from 1999 until 2003. ...
The Manitoba Party was a political party in Manitoba, Canada. ...
The Parti conservateur du Québec (in English: Conservative Party of Quebec) was a political party in Quebec, Canada. ...
The Union Nationale was a political party in Quebec, Canada, that identified with conservative French-Canadian nationalism. ...
The Ralliement créditiste du Québec was a political party in Québec, Canada that operated under several names from 1970-1980. ...
Conservative prime ministers - Sir John A. Macdonald 1867-1873, 1878-1891 Liberal Conservative/Conservative
- Sir John Abbott 1891-1892 Conservative
- John Thompson 1892-1894 Conservative
- Sir Mackenzie Bowell 1894-1896 Conservative
- Sir Charles Tupper 1896 Conservative
- Sir Robert Borden: Conservative/Unionist, 1911-1920
- Arthur Meighen: Conservative, 1920-1921, 1926
- Richard Bennett: Conservative, 1930-1935
- John Diefenbaker: Progressive Conservative, 1957-1963
- Joe Clark: Progressive Conservative, 1979-1980
- Brian Mulroney: Progressive Conservative, 1984-1993
- Kim Campbell: Progressive Conservative, 1993
- Stephen Harper: Conservative, 2006-Present
Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, QC, DCL, LL.D was born on January 11, 1815 in Glasgow, Scotland. ...
The Liberal-Conservative Party was the formal name of the Conservative Party of Canada until 1873, although some Conservative candidates continued to run under the label as late as the 1911 election and others ran as simple Conservatives prior to 1873. ...
The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. ...
The Hon. ...
John Thompson is the name of: // Academics Sir John Eric Sidney Thompson (1898–1975), English archeologist and Mayan scholar John G. Thompson (b. ...
Sir Mackenzie Bowell, PC , KCMG (December 27, 1823 – December 10, 1917) was the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from December 21, 1894 to April 27, 1896. ...
Not to be confused with Sir Charles Hibbert Tupper who was Sir Charles Tuppers son. ...
Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC, DCL, LL.D (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911, to July 10, 1920, and the third Nova Scotian to hold this office. ...
The Unionist Party was formed in 1917 by MPs in Canada who supported the Union government formed by Sir Robert Borden during World War I. In May 1917, Conservative Prime Minister Borden proposed the formation of a national unity government or coalition government to Liberal leader Sir Wilfrid Laurier in...
Arthur Meighen, PC, QC, BA, LL.D (June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was the ninth Prime Minister of Canada from July 10, 1920 to December 29, 1921 and June 29 to September 25, 1926. ...
For the British composer named Richard Bennett, see Richard Rodney Bennett. ...
John George Diefenbaker, CH, PC, QC, BA, MA, LL.B, LL.D, DCL, FRSC, FRSA, D.Litt, DSL, (18 September 1895 – 16 August 1979) was the 13th Prime Minister of Canada (1957 – 1963). ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Charles Joseph Joe Clark, PC, CC, AOE, MA, LLD (born June 5, 1939) was the sixteenth prime minister of Canada, from June 4, 1979, to March 3, 1980. ...
Martin Brian Mulroney, PC, CC, GOQ, LLD (born March 20, 1939), was the eighteenth Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. ...
Avril Phaedra Douglas Campbell, PC, QC, LL.B, LL.D (h. ...
Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. ...
The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ...
Largest conservative party in Canada The Liberal-Conservative Party was the formal name of the Conservative Party of Canada until 1873, although some Conservative candidates continued to run under the label as late as the 1911 election and others ran as simple Conservatives prior to 1873. ...
The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. ...
The Unionist Party was formed in 1917 by MPs in Canada who supported the Union government formed by Sir Robert Borden during World War I. In May 1917, Conservative Prime Minister Borden proposed the formation of a national unity government or coalition government to Liberal leader Sir Wilfrid Laurier in...
The National Liberal and Conservative Party was the name adopted by the Canadian Conservatives in 1920 after the end of the Unionist government of Robert Borden. ...
The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. ...
National Government was the name used by the Conservative Party of Canada for the 1940 federal election under leader Robert Manion. ...
The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party that existed from 1987 to 2000. ...
The Canadian Alliance (in full, the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance) was a Canadian right_of_centre conservative political party that existed from 2000 to 2003. ...
The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ...
Bibliography - The Long Road Back: The Conservative Journey in Canada 1993-2006, Hugh Segal, HarperCollins, 2006.
- Right Side Up: The Fall of Paul Martin and the Rise of Stephen Harper's New Conservatism, Paul Wells, McClelland & Stewart, 2006
Videos - How Canadian conservatism differs from the American version Online video conference by Conservative senator Hugh Segal, part of the larger Predominance in the U.S. : A Moment or an Era ? 21 experts from the U.S. and abroad, including former Bush speechwriter David Frum, ponder the future of conservatism.
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