Encyclopedia > Consistency criterion for voting systems
A voting system is consistent if, when the electorate is divided arbitrarily into two parts and separate elections in each part result in the same alternative being selected, an election of the entire electorate also selects that alternative. If a voting system is not consistent, then it may be manipulated through the establishment of strategically configured election districts (gerrymandering). Voters at the voting booths in the US in 1945 Voting systems are methods (algorithms) for groups of people to select one or more options from many, taking into account the individual preferences of the group members. ... Redrawing electoral districts in this example creates a guaranteed 3-to-1 advantage for Party 1. ...
Votingsystems are methods (algorithms) for groups of people to select one or more options from many, taking into account the individual preferences of the group members.
Voting is best known for its use in elections and is often seen as the defining feature of democracy, where citizen preferences are used to determine the composition of government.
A votingsystem may select only one option (usually a candidate, but also an option that represents a decision), in which case it is called a "single winner system", or it may select multiple options, for example candidates to fill an assembly or alternative possible decisions on the measure the ballot posed.
Thus votingsystems that use cardinal preferences are not independent because a change in intensity of preference for a losing alternative may render it a winning alternative, even if the voters who changed their cardinal preferences do not change their ordinal preferences.
Votingsystems that elect multiple representatives may be evaluated in terms of the correspondence between the number of representatives elected from each party and the support for each party in the electorate.
The limited vote, a semiproportional representation system used in Spain and Portugal in the 19th and early 20th centuries and in parts of the United Kingdom in the 19th Century, is a plurality rule procedure that elects multiple candidates.
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