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The Neuropsychology of Forgiveness (679 words) |
 | Conspecific congruence probably developed out of the structures in the brain that underlie the ability to form classes of groups with perceived similarities. |
| Conspecific congruence is asserted when all members behave to maintain social balance within a group. |
| A positive change in conspecific congruence occurs with kindness or a favor, with the consequent obligation to return it to balance the incongruence. |
| Imitation in Animals (11262 words) |
| Others have suggested that the mere presence of a conspecific will facilitate the acquisition of a new response for the same reason (Gardner and Engel, 1971) or because the conspecific may have the ability to reduce fear in the observer (Davitz and Mason, 1955; Morrison and Hill, 1967). |
| Being in the presence of an active conspecific (i.e., one that is working for food but that is responding in a way that is irrelevant to the target response) might constitute an even better control than mere presence. |
| It appears that exposure to a fearful conspecific or to a snake alone is insufficient to produce fear of snakes in the observer. |
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