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Encyclopedia > Conspirator

Alternate uses: See Conspiracy (disambiguation)


Conspiracy, in common usage, is the act of working in secret to obtain some goal, usually understood with negative connotations.


As a legal term, conspiracy has historically been defined, in America, as an agreement of two or more people to commit a crime, or to accomplish a legal end through illegal actions. For example, planning to rob a bank in order to raise money for charity is still an illegal conspiracy. The conspiracy does not need to have been planned in secret in order to meet the definition of the crime.


In United States v. Shabani (1994) the US Supreme Court ruled: "...U.S. Congress intended to adopt the common law definition of conspiracy, which does not make the doing of any act other than the act of conspiring a condition of liability..." This ruling indicates that conspiracy, without any further action, can be criminal. Note that a "conspiracy", as a legal term in the US, does not always require more than one person. There are, in many nations, explicit crimes of conspiracy to commit murder et cetera.


In California, a punishable conspiracy is an agreement between at least two people to commit a crime, while in addition at least one of them does some act to commit the crime. Each person is punishable in the same manner and to the same extent as is provided for the punishment of the crime itself. [1] (http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cacodes/pen/182-185.html) One example of this is The Han Twins Murder Conspiracy case, where one twin sister attempted to hire two youths to have her twin sister killed.


Operation Northwoods was long believed to be residing in the imagination of conspiracy theorists, however, the document was declassified in recent years by the Freedom of Information Act. The document was based on faking attacks on U.S. interests and citizens and to blame Cuba in order to justify a war with Cuba.


Phoebus cartel, powerful companies suppress innovation and free trade

See also: conspiracy theory

Etymology

It is generally accepted that conspire comes from the Latin roots con, with, and spirare, to breathe—so to conspire literally means 'to breathe together'.


External Links

  • Daily Conspiracy Theories (http://www.rinf.com)
  • Conspiracy Forums (http://www.abovetopsecret.com)
  • Conspiracy Links (http://www.conspiracyarchive.com)
  • Make Your Own Conspiracy Theory (http://www.cjnetworks.com/~cubsfan/conspiracy.html)
  • Some videos defending differents conspiracy theories (http://www.volkz.net/sky/en/musicayvideos/index.php)

  Results from FactBites:
 
The Avalon Project : Indictment : Count One (3709 words)
The conspirators greatly enlarged existing State and Party organizations; established a network of new State and Party organizations; and "co-ordinated" State agencies with the Nazi Party and its branches and affiliates, with the result that German life was dominated by Nazi doctrine and practice and progressively mobilized for the accomplishment of their aims.
The Nazi conspirators decided that for their purpose the Treaty of Versailles must definitely be abrogated and specific plans were made by them and put into operation by 7 March 1936, all of which opened the way for the major aggressive steps to follow, as hereinafter set forth.
After the Nazi conspirators threatened war, the United Kingdom and France concluded a pact with Germany and Italy at Munich on 29 September 1938, involving the cession of the Sudetenland by Czechoslovakia to Germany.
Holocaust: The Schutzstaffeln (SS) (1 of 16) (1411 words)
In the evidence of the conspirators' program for aggressive war, or concentration camps, for the extermination of the Jews, for enslavement of foreign labor and illegal use of prisoners of war and for the deportation and Germanization of inhabitants of conquered territories, in all this evidence the name of the SS runs like a thread.
The first aim of the conspirators was to gain a foothold in politically hostile territory, to acquire mastery of the street, and to combat any and all opponents with force.
As early as 1929, the conspirators recognized that their plans required an organization in which the main principles of the Nazi system, specifically the racial principles, would not only be jealously guarded but would be carried to such extremes as to inspire or intimidate the rest of the population.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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