Constantine Kanaris

Constantine Kanaris (or Canaris, Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Κανάρης) (1793 or 1795 – September 2, 1877) was a Greek admiral, freedom fighter and politician. Constantine Kanaris This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years). ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Family life

He was born on the Aegean Sea island of Psara as a son of Michael and Maria Kanaris. His exact year of birth is unknown. The official records of the Greek Navy give it as 1795 but modern Greek historians believe that 1793 is more probable. Michael Kanaris, his father, had served several terms as the island's Elder. Constantine was left an orphan at a young age. Having to support himself he chose to became a seaman, like most members of his family since the beginning of the 18th century. He was hired as a boy in the brig of his uncle Dimitris Bourekas. Over time he gained prominence in the island's society. In 1817 this was signified by his marriage to Despoina Maniatis, a member of one of the island's more affluent families. They would have seven children in all: the Aegean Sea The Aegean sea as seen from the island of Santorini The Aegean Sea (Greek: Αιγαίον Πέλαγος, Aigaion Pelagos; Turkish: Ege Denizi) is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, located between the Greek peninsula and Anatolia (Asia Minor, now part of Turkey). ... Psara is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea. ... Hellenic Navy Jack The Hellenic Navy, (Greek: Πολεμικό Ναύτικο), is the naval force of the modern nation of Greece (Hellenic Republic). ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

• Nicholas Kanaris, (1818–1848).
• Themistocles Kanaris, (1819–1851).
• Miltiades Kanaris, (1822–1899) - Admiral, member of the Greek Parliament, and government minister.
• Lycurgus Kanaris (1826–1865) - Lawyer.
• Maria Kanari, (1828–1847).
• Aristides Kanaris, (1831–1863) - Navy officer.
• Thrasybulos Kanaris, (1834–1898) - Admiral.

1818 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1819 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 23 - The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in Oregon is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning. ... 1822 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1826 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Military career

Constantine gained his fame during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829). Unlike most other prominent figures of the War, he had never been initiated in the Philiki Etairia (Friendly Society). The Friendly Society, founded at September 14, 1814 in Odessa by three traders, was mainly responsible for planning the revolution against the Ottoman Empire and recruiting supporters for it. Its founders being members of the Freemasonry, they had adopted their methods of initiation, organising and assuring secrecy from it. By early 1821, it had gained enough support to declare a revolution. This declaration seems to have surprised Constantine, who was absent at Odessa. He returned to Psara in haste and was there when the island joined the Revolution on April 10, 1821. The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a war against the Ottoman Empire for independence, which started that year. ... 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Odessa or Odesa (Ukrainian Одеса, Russian Одесса, Turkish Hacıbey) is a Ukrainian port city on the Black Sea and the center of countrys Odeska oblast. Population 1,012,500 (2004). ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish National Anthem The March for Sultan Abdul-Mejid Capital Ä°stanbul (Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 6. ... the Square and Compasses Freemasonry is a worldwide fraternal organization. ... 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Psara is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea. ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

The island formed its own fleet of ships and the famed seamen of Psara, already known for their successful naval combats against pirates and their well-equipped ships, proved to be effective at full naval war. Constantine soon distinguished himself as a fire ship captain. Notably at Chios, where on the night of June 6/June 7, 1822 forces under his command destroyed the flagship of the Turkish admiral Pasha Kara-Ali in revenge for the Massacre of Chios. The admiral was holding a celebration, while Kanaris and his men managed to place a fire ship next to it. When the flagships' powder keg caught fire, all men aboard were instantly killed. The Ottoman casualties consisted of 2000 men, both naval officers and common sailors, as well as Kara-Ali himself. Constantine led three further successful attacks against the Turkish fleet in 1822-1824. But during this last year, the fate of both Kanaris and his island took a turn for the worst. Khios, or Chios as most Greek English speakers know the island, is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... 1822 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1822 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Egypt was namely a province of the Ottoman Empire at the time but its viceroy Mohammad Ali (1769–1849), had earned enough power to act independently from the Sultan and had formed his own army and naval fleet. It was headed by his adoptive son Ibrahim Pasha (1789–1848). The later had hired a number of veteran French officers - who had served under Emperor Napoleon I of France and were discharged from the French army following his defeat - to help organise the new army. By 1824 it counted 100,000 men and was both better organised and better equipped than the Sultan's army. Sultan Mahmud II offered to the viceroy the command of Crete, if he agreed to send part of this army against the Greeks. They quickly reached an agreement. The Egyptian army, under the personal command of Ibrahim Pasha, started a successful campaign in both land and sea against the relatively ill-equipped, disorganized and outnumbered Greeks. Among other victories, the Egyptian fleet managed to capture Psara on June 21, 1824. A part of the population managed to flee the island, but those who didn't were either sold into slavery or slaughtered. The island was deserted and surviving islanders were scattered through what is now Southern Greece. The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish National Anthem The March for Sultan Abdul-Mejid Capital Ä°stanbul (Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 6. ... See Mehemet Ali (Turkey) for the Turkish foreign minister and regent. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... See Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha for details of the Grand Visier to Suleiman the Magnificent. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Bonaparte as general, by Antoine-Jean Gros. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Sultan Mahmud II Mahmud II (July 20, 1785–July 1, 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death. ... Greece and Crete Crete, sometimes spelled Krete (Greek Κρήτη / Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean Sea. ... June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

After the destruction of his home island, Constantine continued to lead his men into attacks with minor successes. Despite them, Ibrahim Pasha would be virtually undefeated until the Battle of Navarino of October 20, 1827. Then the Egyptian fleet was destroyed by the combined naval forces of Britain, France and Russia, that had taken the Greeks under their "protection". Battle of Navarino Conflict Greek War of Independence Date 20 October 1827 Place Navarino, Greece Result Turkish defeat Battle of Navarino The naval Battle of Navarino was fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence (1821-29). ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Following the end of the War and the independence of Greece, Constantine became an officer of the new Greek Navy reaching the rank of Admiral and later a politician.

Political career

Kanaris served as Minister in various governments and then as Prime Minister from March 11- April 11, 1844. He served a second term (October 27, 1848 – December 24, 1849) and a third (May 28, 1854 – July 29, 1854). In 1862 he was one of the few War of Independence veterans that helped in the bloodless revolution that deposed King Otto of Greece and put Prince William of Denmark on the Greek throne as King George I of Greece. Under George I, he served as a prime minister for a fourth term (March 17 – April 28, 1864), fifth term (August 7, 1864 – February 9, 1865) and sixth and last term (June 7 – September 2, 1877). Following his death his government remained in power until September 14, 1877 without agreeing on a replacement at its head. He was buried in the First Cemetery of Athens, where most Greek prime ministers and celebrated figures are also buried. After his death he was honored as a national hero. Note on Greek names: There is no firm convention for the rendering of Greek personal names into English. ... 11 March is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Otto of Greece entering Náfplio, Peter von Hess, 1835. ... George I (December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of the Hellenes (Greece) from 1863 to 1913 He was born in Copenhagen, the second son of King Christian IX of Denmark and the brother of Alexandra of Denmark (consort of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom). ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in Leap years). ... April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. ... 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years). ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

He is thought to be distantly related to Wilhelm Canaris, head of the German Abwehr during World War II, but the exact genealogical connection remains uncertain. Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris (January 1, 1887 – April 9, 1945) was head of the German military intelligence service, the Abwehr, for much of World War II. He was born in Aplerbeck, in Westphalia. ... The Abwehr was the common name for the German military foreign information and counterintelligence department, during both World War I and World War II. Abwehr is a German word, which is commonly translated to the English defence. The head of the Abwehr during World War II was Admiral Wilhelm Canaris. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air. ...

External links

• Listed among other major figures of the Greek War of Independence
• The History of the Grand Lodge of Greece explains the origins of Philiki Etairia
• Short profile of Mohammad Ali, Viceroy of Egypt
• Short profile of Ibrahim Pasha

Note on Greek names: There is no firm convention for the rendering of Greek personal names into English. ... Antonios Kriezis (Greek: Αντώνιος Κριεζής) (1796 - 1865), a soldier fought for the Greek War of Independence of 1821 and later ran as the Prime Minister of Greece. ... Antonios Kriezis (Greek: Αντώνιος Κριεζής) (1796 - 1865), a soldier fought for the Greek War of Independence of 1821 and later ran as the Prime Minister of Greece. ... Alèxandros Koumoundoùros Alèxandros Koumoundoùros (1817 - February 26, 1883) was born in a part of Messìnian Màni called “Zarnàta” (part of Stavropìgio), the son of Spirìdonas-Galànis Koumoundoùros who was the Greek history. ... Alèxandros Koumoundoùros Alèxandros Koumoundoùros (1817 - February 26, 1883) was born in a part of Messìnian Màni called “Zarnàta” (part of Stavropìgio), the son of Spirìdonas-Galànis Koumoundoùros who was the Greek history. ...