Constantine Zuckerman (1957- ) is a French historian and professor. He is Professor of Byzantine Studies at the Collège de France in Paris, France. The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Courtyard of the Collège de France. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...
Zuckerman is the author of numerous articles about the Byzantine Empire, the Goths, the Magyars, the early Rus, and the Khazars, among other peoples. In "On the Date of the Khazars' Conversion to Judaism and the Chronology of the Kings of the Rus Oleg and Igor," Zuckerman used Khazar documents (the Kievian Letter, Khazar Correspondence, and Schechter Letter to call into question the traditional dates for early Kievan Rus leaders. In the same article he asserted that the Khazars converted to Judaisn in 861, during the visit of St. Cyril; he has since amended this view in light of the discovery of Khazar coins from the 830's bearing Jewish inscriptions. Byzantine Empire (Greek: ), is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche portrays the Goths as cavalrymen. ... Magyars are an ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. ... The word Rus or Rus (Русь in Cyrillic Alphabet) may refer to: the Rus (people) of disputed origin who were at the roots of the statehood of Eastern Slavic peoples; the territories they ruled, also known by the Latinized name, Ruthenia; Kievan Rus, the most powerful of early Ruthenian (Eastern... The site of the Khazar fortress at Sarkel. ... Religious conversion is the adoption of new religious beliefs that differ from the converts previous beliefs; in some cultures (e. ... Introduction The Kievian Letter is an early 10th century letter written by a Khazarian Jewish community in Kiev. ... An exchange of letters in the 950s or 960s between Hasdai ibn Shaprut, foreign secretary to the Caliph of Cordoba, and Joseph, King of the Khazars. ... Also called the Cambridge Document, the Schechter Letter was discovered in the genizah of a Cairo synagogue by Solomon Schechter. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: Ки́ев, Kiev; uk: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... See Saint Cyril (disambiguation) for other persons with this name. ... The Khazars were a Turkic semi-nomadic people from Central Asia who adopted Judaism. ...
Bibliography
Zuckerman, Constantine. (2002) "Heraclius in 625" (Journal Article in Revue des études byzantines)
Zuckerman, Constantine. (2002) On the Origin of the Khazar Diarchy and the Circumstances of Khazaria's Conversion to Judaism (Book Chapter in The Turks, Volume 1: Early Ages)
Zuckerman, Constantine. (2000) "Review of 'Rome and Persia at War, 502-532' by G. Greatrex" (Book Review in Revue des études byzantines )
Zuckerman, Constantine. (1998) Two reforms of the 370s: recruiting soldiers and senators in the divided empire (Journal Article in Revue des études byzantines )
Zuckerman, Constantine. (1995) On the Date of the Khazars' Conversion to Judaism and the Chronology of the Kings of the Rus Oleg and Igor (Journal Article in Revue des études byzantines )
Zuckerman, Constantine. (1988) The Reign of Constantine V in the Miracles of St. Theodore the Recruit (Journal Article in Revue des études byzantines )
According to the Primary Russian Chronicle, Oleg died in 913 and his successor, the knyaz Igor, ruled from then until his murder in 944.
For years scholars disregarded the Schechter Letter account; however recently, ConstantineZuckerman has suggested that the Schechter Letter's account is in sync with various other Russian sources, and suggests a struggle within the early Rus polity between factions loyal to Oleg and to the Rurikid Igor, a struggle that Oleg ultimately lost.
Zuckerman posited that the early chronology of the Rus had to be re-determined in light of these sources.
[[14]] Constantine at this time was twenty-eight years of age with two sons of his own, and yet had his fifteen-year old half-brother associated with him, while Martina was clearly to have some authority in government, not just as a regent figure but as a ruler in her own right.
The young emperor, Constantine's son and Heraclius' grandson, was now known as Constans (a diminutive of Constantine) and reigned as Constans II (641-68).
Her attempt to sideline Constantine III, who had been co-emperor since 613, and take over the reins of government in her own right on Heraclius' death, as Heraclius had himself laid down in his will, was thwarted by concerted popular opposition.
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