NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate

Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) is a program designed to provide advances in meteorology, ionospheric research, climatology, and space weather by using GPS satellites in conjunction with low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites. The term "COSMIC" may refer to either the organization itself or the constellation of satellites (also known as FORMOSAT-3 in Taiwan). The constellation is a joint U.S.-Taiwanese project with major participants including the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), the National Science Foundation, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) on the U.S. side and the National Space Organization (NSPO) on the Taiwanese side. Image File history File links COSMIC_logo. ... Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC, though commonly abbreviated as Orbital) is a Dulles, Virginia company which specializes in satellite launch and manufacture. ... Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... Relationship of the atmosphere and ionosphere The ionosphere is the uppermost part of the atmosphere, distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation. ... Climatology is the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time,[1] and is a branch of the atmospheric sciences. ... Aurora australis observed by Discovery, May 1991. ... This article is about Earth as a planet. ... The Minotaur I Rocket is an American solid fuel rocket designed to launch small satellites. ... NASA logo The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is a department in NASAs Solar System Exploration Division. ... The elements of an orbit are the parameters needed to specify that orbit uniquely, given a model of two ideal masses obeying the Newtonian laws of motion and the inverse-square law of gravitational attraction. ... In astrodynamics, under standard assumptions any orbit must be of conic section shape. ... Inclination in general is the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis of direction. ... This article is about several astronomical terms (apogee & perigee, aphelion & perihelion, generic equivalents based on apsis, and related but rarer terms. ... This article is about several astronomical terms (apogee & perigee, aphelion & perihelion, generic equivalents based on apsis, and related but rarer terms. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ... A typical classified document. ... Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... Relationship of the atmosphere and ionosphere The ionosphere is the uppermost part of the atmosphere, distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation. ... Climatology is the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time,[1] and is a branch of the atmospheric sciences. ... Aurora australis observed by Discovery, May 1991. ... The Global Positioning System (GPS) is currently the only fully functional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). ... An Earth observation satellite, ERS 2 For other uses, see Satellite (disambiguation). ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... A group of electronic satellites working in concert is known as a satellite constellation. ... UCAR is a nonprofit corporation formed in 1959 by research institutions with doctoral programs in the atmospheric and related sciences. ... The logo of the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. ... -1... The United States Air Force Research Laboratory with headquarters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, was created in October 1997. ... The National Space Organization or NSPO is the civilian space agency of the Republic of China (Taiwan) under the auspices of the Executive Yuans National Science Council. ...

The total cost of the project is US$100 million, 80% of which is being provided by NSPO, and the remainder by various U.S. agencies.^[1]

After experiencing several delays, the launch of the COSMIC satellite constellation atop a Minotaur launch vehicle from Vandenberg AFB occurred at 01:40 GMT, on April 15 2006, despite heavy fog.^[2] The satellites, which orbit at an altitude of 500 miles, will take over a year to move into the correct positions to provide full global coverage. The Minotaur I Rocket is an American solid fuel rocket designed to launch small satellites. ... Vandenberg Air Force Base is a base with a spaceport, located in Santa Barbara County, California. ... is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Instruments

The COSMIC satellites are be equipped with three primary forms of instrumentation for remote sensing, as follows: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (965x594, 103 KB) COSMIC / FORMOSAT-3 Satellite Source: Screenschot from http://genesis2. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (965x594, 103 KB) COSMIC / FORMOSAT-3 Satellite Source: Screenschot from http://genesis2. ... For the purported psychic ability to sense remotely, see Remote viewing right Synthetic aperture radar image of Death Valley colored using polarimetry In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the short or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real...

Deployment

All 6 microsatellites were launched on a single launch vehicle and deployed into a single parking orbit after launch. The spacecraft will then be deployed into separate orbital planes through the use of precession due to the oblateness of the Earth and raised to a final orbital altitude over the course of several months. Scientific data will be collected during the deployment process. Miniaturized satellites are recent artificial satellites of unusually low weights and small sizes, new classifications are used to categorieze these satellites. ... The orbital plane of an object orbiting another is the geometrical plane in which the orbit is embedded. ... Precession of a gyroscope Precession refers to a change in the direction of the axis of a rotating object. ... Oblate also refers to a member of the Roman Catholic religious order of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, or in some cases to a lay or religious person who has officially associated himself (or herself) with a monastic community such as the Benedictines for reasons of personal enrichment without...

Orbital information

Parking orbit

Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum. ... Inclination in general is the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis of direction. ... In astrodynamics, under standard assumptions any orbit must be of conic section shape. ...

Final orbital configuration

Equatorial Coordinates Right ascension (abbrev. ... In the study of orbital dynamics the mean anomaly is a measure of time, specific to the orbiting body p, which is a multiple of 2π radians at and only at periapsis. ...

See also

Champ can refer to: An Irish dish of mashed potatoes and scallions (spring onions) The logo of the Vermont Lake Monsters minor league baseball team Champ (legend), a reputed lake monster living in Lake Champlain A shortened form of the word champion A variety of Erdinger wheat beer. ... The goal of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) space mission is to obtain accurate global and high-resolution determination of both the static and the time-variable components of the Earths gravity field. ... This is a list of spacecraft launches in 2006, including launches scheduled through to the end of the year. ...

Notes & references

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... April 18 is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ...

External links

Categories: Earth observation satellites | Taiwanese space program Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a program of NASA comprising a series of artificial satellite missions and scientific instruments in Earth orbit designed for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans of the Earth. ... A geographic Information System (GIS) is a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced to the earth. ... Clouds and the Earths Radiant Energy System (CERES) is an on-going NASA metereological experiment in Earth orbit. ... An artistâ€™s impression showing one of the Block 5D-2 spacecraft in orbit. ... The Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) consists of five remote-sensing satellites constructed by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) and operated for the Algerian, Nigerian, Turkish, British and Chinese governments by DMC International Imaging. ... The Envisat (Environmental Satellite) satellite is an Earth-observing satellite built by the European Space Agency. ... EROS satellites are high performance, low cost, light, highly maneuverable high-resolution observation satellites. ... The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) program is a key element in United States National Weather Service (NWS) operations. ... Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS), is an instrument on board the European satellite Envisat launched 1st March 2002. ... The goal of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) space mission is to obtain accurate global and high-resolution determination of both the static and the time-variable components of the Earths gravity field. ... Hydros was to provide the first global view of the Earths changing soil moisture and surface freeze/thaw conditions, enabling new scientific studies of global change and atmospheric predictability, and making new hydrologic applications possible. ... ICESat (Courtesy NASA) ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite), part of NASAs Earth Observing System, is a satellite mission for measuring ice sheet mass balance, cloud and aerosol heights, as well as land topography and vegetation characteristics. ... IKONOS is a commercial earth observation satellite that collects high-resolution imagery at 1- and 4-meter resolution. ... The Jason 1 satellite altimeter is a science project to measure the ocean surface topography, and the successor to the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. ... The Landsat program is the longest running enterprise for acqusition of imagery of Earth from space. ... MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) is one of the main instruments on-board the European Space Agency (ESA)s Envisat platform. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The Meteor craft are weather observation satellites launched by the USSR. The Meteor satellites were designed to monitor atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures, humidity, radiation, sea ice conditions, snow-cover, and clouds. ... This article needs cleanup. ... A Microwave Limb Sounder measures (naturally-occurring) microwave thermal emission from the limb (edge) of Earths upper atmosphere. ... The Envisat (Environmental Satellite) satellite is an Earth-observing satellite built by the European Space Agency. ... Ash plumes on Kamchatka Peninsula, eastern Russia MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a payload scientific instrument launched into Earth orbit by NASA in 1999 on board the Terra (EOS AM) and in 2002 on board the Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. ... Categories: Stub ... MTSAT are a series of weather and aviation control satellites. ... NASAs New Millennium program is focused on engineering validation of new technologies for space applications. ... NOAA-N is a weather satellite belonging to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States. ... The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) is the United States next-generation satellite system that will monitor the Earths weather, atmosphere, oceans, land and near-space environment. ... Categories: Japan geography stubs | Old provinces of Japan ... The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) is a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder Project (ESSP) mission designed to make precise, time-dependent global measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) from an Earth orbiting satellite. ... PARASOL is a French built Earth observing research satellite. ... QuickBird is a high-resolution commercial earth observation satellite, owned by DigitalGlobe, that was launched in 2001. ... The QuikSCAT (Quick Scatterometer) is an earth-observing satellite that provides wind speed and direction information over oceans to NOAA.It is a quick recovery mission to fill the gap created by the loss of data from the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) that was lost in June 1997. ... RADARSAT-1 is Canadas first commercial Earth observation satellite. ... SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY; greek: ÏƒÎºÎ¹Î¬Î¼Î¬Ï‡Î·: analogously: Fighting shadows) is one of ten instruments aboard of ESAs ENVIronmental SATellite, ENVISAT. SCIAMACHY is a satellite spectrometer designed to measure sunlight, transmitted, reflected and scattered by the earth atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared... SeaWiFS stands for Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor. ... SPOT (Satellite Pour lObservation de la Terre) refers to a series of commercial earth observation satellites launched by the French Space Agency CNES (Centre National dEtudes Spatiales). ... Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer or TES is a satellite instrument designed to measure the state of the earths troposphere. ... TerraSAR-X is an Earth observation satellite, built and operated by the German Aerospace Center and EADS Astrium. ... Terra (EOS AM-1) is a multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in orbit around the Earth. ... Artist conception of the TRMM satellite. ... GOES-8, a United States weather satellite. ... European Remote-Sensing satellite (ERS) was the European Space Agencys first Earth-observing satellite. ... The Nimbus satellites were second-generation U.S. unmanned spacecraft for meteorological research and development. ... Vanguard Rocket Project Vanguard was the name given to the first United States program that was commissioned to design and launch the first artificial satellite into Earth orbit. ... Seasat (Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech) Seasat was the first Earth-orbiting satellite designed for remote sensing of the Earths oceans and had onboard the first spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). ... The TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter is a science project to measure the ocean surface topography. ... TIROS, or Television Infrared Observation Satellite, was a series of early weather satellites launched by NASA, beginning with TIROS-1 in 1960. ...

Contents

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