NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Constituency

A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures, goals or loyalty. It can be used to describe a business's customer base and shareholders, or a charity's donors or those it serves. The most common meaning of constituency occurs in politics and means either the group of people from whom an individual or organization hopes to attract support, or the group of people or geographical area that a particular elected representative or group of elected representatives represents. The rest of this article deals with this sense of constituency. Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ...

When used specifically, a constituency usually refers to the group or area from which voters in an election are drawn. Depending on the electoral system being used, a constituency may elect one or more members. For instance, in the United Kingdom, House of Commons Parliamentary constituencies each elect one Member of Parliament using a first past the post system (though some used to elect more than one), while the larger European Parliament constituencies each elect a number of Members of the European Parliament (see 'Regions of England'). The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... The Houses of Parliament, seen over Westminster Bridge The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... The plurality voting system, also known as first past the post, is a voting system used to elect a single winner in a given election. ... The debating chamber, or hemicycle, in Strasbourg The European Parliament building in Strasbourg The European Parliament (formerly European Parliamentary Assembly) is the parliamentary body of the European Union (EU), directly elected by EU citizens once every five years. ... In five European Union Member States (Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom), the national territory is divided into a number of constituencies for European elections. ... A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ...

A marginal constituency is one where the margin between the expected voting for the major parties in an election is slim. In United Kingdom general elections, the voting in a relatively small number of marginal constituencies usually determines the outcome of the entire election. A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures, goals or loyalty. ... The United Kingdom has five distinct types of elections: general, local, regional, European and mayoral. ...

Australia

In Australia, federal and state constituencies are known as divisions and districts or seats.

Canada

List: List of Canada's electoral districts This is a list of Canadas 308 electoral districts (also known as ridings in Canadian English) as defined by the 2003 Representation Order, which came into effect on May 23, 2004. ...

In Canada, constituencies are legally known as electoral districts (in French, circonscriptions) for Members of Parliament and Members of Legislative Assemblies or Members of Provincial Parliament (Ontario) at the provincial level, although "constituency" and the informal term "riding" (or "comté" in French) are also used. An electoral district is a geographically-based constituency upon which Canadas representative democracy is based. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English (de facto) Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seats - Senate seats 106 24... In the British Isles since Anglo-Saxon times, a riding is traditionally a sub-division (especially in three) of a county, in Australia analogous. ...

France

In France, electoral constituencies are known as circonscriptions électorales.

For parliamentary elections, they are known as circonscriptions législatives', and for departemental one, France uses cantons.

Germany

In Germany, there are 299 basic electoral constituencies (called Wahlkreise), accounting for half of the 598 nominal seats in the German Bundestag in a "First Past the Post electoral system". The constituencies for the rest of the seats are the federal states, representatives being drawn from the top of their respective electoral lists. The former constituencies are divided so that each has approximately the same number of voters. German electoral law dictates that the deviation from average of all constituencies shall not exceed a certain figure (see for example § 3 Abs. 1 Nr. 3 in German electoral law). Other restrictions prevent abuses such as gerry-mandering. The Bundestag (Federal Diet) is the parliament of Germany. ... The First Past the Post electoral system, is a voting system for single-member districts. ... Germany is a Federal Republic made up of 16 States, known in German as LÃ¤nder (singular Land). ... Redrawing electoral districts in this example creates a guaranteed 3-to-1 advantage for Party 1. ...

Similar provisions obtain for many of the federal state parliaments, though constituencies are generally smaller and boundaries change more frequently. Representatives to the European Parliament are only elected by party proportion and state.

Hong Kong

The unicameral Legislative Council has 60 members, 30 returned from five geographical constituencies based on the Hare quota and largest remainder method, and the remaining 30 returned through 28 functional constituencies. The Legislative Council (abbreviated as LegCo; Chinese: ç«‹æ³•æœƒ, Pinyin: LÃ¬fÇŽ HuÃ¬; formerly ç«‹æ³•å±€, LÃ¬fÇŽ JÃº) is the unicameral legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Hare quota is a formula used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture a seat in some forms of single transferable vote or largest remainder method party-list proportional representation voting systems. ... The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. ... A functional constituency, in Hong Kong politics, refers to professional and special interest groups involved in the electoral process. ...

Republic of Ireland

Constituencies in the Republic of Ireland elect between three and five Teachta Dálas (TDs), while constituencies between 1536 and 1800 in the Kingdom of Ireland used to return two MPs. The lower house of the Irish parliament, DÃ¡il Ã‰ireann, currently contains 166 TeachtaÃ DÃ¡la (TDs), representing 42 parliamentary constituencies throughout the Republic of Ireland. ... A Teachta DÃ¡la (Irish for DÃ¡il Deputy, pronounced chock-ta dawla) is a member of DÃ¡il Ã‰ireann, the lower chamber of the Irish Oireachtas or National Parliament. ... Events February 2 - Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... Capital Dublin Language(s) Irish, English Government Monarchy KingÂ¹ - 1542-1547 Henry I - 1760-1801 George III Chief Secretary - 1660 Matthew Lock - 1798-1801 Viscount Castlereagh Legislature Parliament of Ireland - Upper house Irish House of Lords - Lower house Irish House of Commons History - Act of Parliament 1541 - Act of Union...

India

List:List of Indian constituencies The Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). ...

Singapore

In Singapore, there are 14 group representation constituencies and nine single-member constituencies, giving a total of 23 constituencies. Group representation constituencies elect between three to six MPs to the Parliament of Singapore, while single member constituencies elect one. The Group Representative Constituency (GRC) system in Singapore is a formal system of social and political committees representing the interests of both the majority and minority social groups within each local island community. ... The unicameral Parliament of Singapore is the legislature of Singapore with the President as its head [1]. It currently consists of 94 Members of Parliament. ...

Switzerland

In Switzerland, the Canton of St. Gallen uses the Wahlkreise (constituency or electoral district) in place of the previous, and more usual, district. See Canton of St. Gallen#Constituencies and municipalities. The Canton of St. ... In contrast to centrally organised states, in the federally constituted Switzerland each Canton is completely free to decide its own internal organisation. ... The Canton of St. ...

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a parliamentary constituency is sometimes called a Parliamentary seat or a Division. Constituencies for local government elections are called either Wards or electoral divisions. In the United Kingdom each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly. ... Local governments are administrative offices of an area smaller than a state or province. ... A ward is an electoral district used in local politics, most notably in England, Scotland, and Wales, as well as Australia, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa and many cities in the United States and the federal district of Washington, DC. Wards are usually named after neighbourhoods...

As of 2005, there are 646 House of Commons constituencies in the UK: 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...

Northern Ireland has 18 constituencies, each of which elect six MLAs to the Northern Ireland Assembly under the Single Transferable Vote system. To see the list in alphabetical order see the categories UK Parliamentary constituencies and UK Parliamentary constituencies (historic). ... This is a list of MPs elected in the UK general election, 2005 to the House of Commons for the Fifty-Fourth Parliament of the United Kingdom at the United Kingdom general election, 2005, arranged by constituency. ... Motto: (Latin for Who will separate us?)[1] Anthem: UK: God Save the Queen Regional: (de facto) Londonderry Air Capital Belfast Largest city Belfast Official language(s) English (de facto), Ulster Scots, Irish3, Northern Ireland Sign Language, Irish Sign Language Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister of... A Legislative Assembly in some parts of the Commonwealth refers to a legislature, or a chamber of the legislature. ... The Northern Ireland Assembly is a home rule legislature established in Northern Ireland under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, but currently under suspension. ... This STV ballot for the Australian Senate illustrates group voting tickets. ...

The Scottish Parliament has 73 single-member constituencies elected on a first past the post basis, with the remaining 56 seats in the parliament being selected by the Additional Member System (AMS). Since the passage of the Scottish Parliament (Constituencies) Act 2004, the constituencies of the Scottish Parliament are no longer identical to those of the House of Commons. For the national legislative body up to 1707, see Parliament of Scotland. ... The Additional Member System (AMS) is a voting system in which some representatives are elected from geographic constituencies and others are elected under proportional representation from party lists. ... The Scottish Parliament (Constituencies) Act 2004 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament that amends the Scotland Act 1998 which established the Scottish Parliament. ...

The National Assembly for Wales has 40 constituencies elected by first past the post which are identical to the Welsh constituencies of the House of Commons. Its remaining 20 seats are selected by AMS. Regional proportion of Yes vote in the 1997 referendum. ...

The London Assembly has 14 constituencies elected by first past the post, described in the article on London Assembly constituencies. Its remaining 11 seats are also selected by AMS. The London Assembly is an elected body that supervises the Greater London Authority and the Mayor of London. ... Greater London is divided into a number of constituencies for London Assembly elections. ...

United States

In the United States, electoral constituencies for the federal House of Representatives are known as congressional districts (of which there are presently 435; the number can be increased so long as it does not exceed the constitutional limit of one per 30,000 citizens), while the constituencies for the variously named state legislatures go by a variety of names (and have differing numbers). Long standing practice, reinforced and modified by several U.S. Supreme Court decisions, require the equalization of populations of constituencies after each decennial census, a process known as redistricting. Seal of the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is the lower of the two chambers of the United States Congress, the other being the Senate. ... U.S. Congressional districts are determined after each census. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal A state of the United States is any one of the fifty subnational entities referred to... State legislatures are the lawmaking bodies of the 50 states in the United States of America. ... The process known as redistricting in the United States and redistribution in many Commonwealth countries is the changing of political borders (in many countries, specifically the electoral district/constituency boundaries) usually in response to periodic census results. ...

When driven by partisan bodies, this process opens up the possibility of gerrymandering for political or factional advantage. Gerrymandering cannot be used to the disadvantage of any specific racial group (e.g., placing a predominantly African-American community in several districts to dilute the vote would be unconstitutional), but is perfectly legal to dilute the voting strength of the opposing party. A Pennsylvania legislator long active in redistricting issues, State Rep. Mark B. Cohen of Philadelphia, said that "In election years, constituents choose their legislative officials. In redistricting years, legislative officials usually try to choose their future constituents." Gerrymandering is a controversial form of redistricting in which electoral district or constituency boundaries are manipulated for an electoral advantage. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Others

Most of the rest of the Commonwealth of Nations also use constituencies as electoral divisions. For details of constituencies in these and other places see: The Commonwealth of Nations (CN), usually known as the Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, the majority of which are former colonies of the United Kingdom. ...

Each of the 12 regions in Namibia is further subdivided into a constituency. ... The Legislative Council (abbreviated as LegCo; Chinese: ç«‹æ³•æœƒ, Pinyin: LÃ¬fÇŽ HuÃ¬; formerly ç«‹æ³•å±€, LÃ¬fÇŽ JÃº) is the unicameral legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Synonyms

A marginal seat is a district or constituency held with a particularly small majority in a Parliamentary election conducted under a non-proportional electoral system. ...

See also

v • d • e

Types of country subdivision

Administrative division · Political division · Census division · Electoral division

Contemporary
Arrondissement · Bailiwick · Banner · Autonomous banner · Barangay · Block · Borough · County borough · Metropolitan borough · Capital · Federal capital · Canton · Census division · Census geographic unit · Census metropolitan area · Census subdivision · Circle · Circuit · City · Autonomous city · Independent city · Colony · Commune · Community · Autonomous community · Residential community · Constituency · County · Administrative county · Autonomous county · Metropolitan county · Council · Croft · Department · Dependency · District · Autonomous district · Capital district · City district · Federal district · Metropolitan district · Municipal district · Division · Duchy · Governorate · Hamlet · Insular area · Judeţ · Local administrative unit · Local government area · Municipality · Regional municipality · Regional county municipality · Rural municipality · Neighbourhood · Oblast · Okrug · Parish · Civil parish · Periphery · Prefecture · Autonomous prefecture · Province · Autonomous province · Quarter · Regency · Region · Autonomous region · Capital region · Special administrative region · Republic · Autonomous republic · Ranchería · Reservation · Reserve · Shire · State · Subdistrict · Subprefecture · Territory · Autonomous territorial unit · Capital territory · National territory · Town · Townland · Township · Civil township · Urban (urbanized) area · Village · Vingtaine · Voivodeship · Ward An election is a decision making process where people choose people to hold official offices. ... Voting is a method of decision making wherein a group such as a meeting or an electorate attempts to gauge its opinionâ€”usually as a final step following discussions or debates. ... Country subdivision can be any type of subdividing the territory of a country. ... A political division is a geographic region accepted to be in the jurisdiction of a particular government entity. ... Outline map of Canadas Census Divisions in 2001 Note: This page refers only to subdivisions in Canada. ... A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures, goals or loyalty. ... An arrondissement is an administrative division in some French- or Dutch-speaking countries: // Main article: Municipal arrondissement in France Main article: Arrondissements of Paris The city of Paris, in France is divided into 20 arrondissements. ... A bailiwick is the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff. ... Banner is a type of administrative division. ... A banner (Mongolian: khoshuu, Chinese: 旗, pinyin: qí) is an administrative division of Inner Mongolia. ... A barangay (Tagalog: baranggay , pronounced as ba-rang-gai, gai as in guy), also known by its former name, the barrio, is the smallest local government unit in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. ... A block is a country subdivision in some South Asian countries. ... A borough is an administrative division used in various countries. ... County borough was a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom to refer to a borough or a city independent of county administration. ... A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England, covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital â€” although the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of capital) is the principal city or town associated with a countrys government. ... ... A canton is a territorial subdivision of a country, e. ... Outline map of Canadas Census Divisions in 2001 Note: This page refers only to subdivisions in Canada. ... The census geographic units of Canada are the country subdivisions defined and used by Canadas federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada[1] to conduct the countrys five-yearly census. ... A census metropolitan area, or CMA is a Canadian census subdivision comprising a large urban area (known as the urban core) and adjacent areas (known as urban and rural fringes) that have a high degree of social and economic integration with the urban core. ... Census subdivision is a Canadian political region organized by Statistics Canada and determined by the provinces. ... Circle is an administrative country subdivision. ... // In law, a circuit is an appellate judicial district commonly seen in the court systems of many nations. ... The city of Chicago, as seen from the sky A city is an urban area that is differentiated from a town, village, or hamlet by size, population density, importance, or legal status. ... An autonomous (subnational) entity is a subnational entity that has a certain amount of autonomy. ... An independent city is a city that does not form part of another local government entity. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ... A community as country subdivision can be found in Belgium. ... Spains fifty provinces (provincias) are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities (comunidades aut nomas), in addition to two African autonomous cities (ciudades aut nomas) (Ceuta and Melilla). ... A residential community is a community, usually a small town or city, that is composed mostly of residents, as opposed to commercial businesses and/or industrial facilities, all three of which are considered to be the three main types of occupants of the typical community. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... An administrative county is an administrative area in the British Isles. ... In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 (xi n). ... The six metropolitan counties shown within England The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level subnational entity in current use in England. ... Council may refer to a Local government area in Australian English Categories: | ... The Shetland Crofthouse Museum, with peat stacked out front. ... A department is geographically defined area of a centralized state which functions as an administrative unit, usually at provincial level, with or without a representative assembly. ... A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... Local government areas called districts are used, or have been used, in several countries. ... An autonomous region or autonomous district is a subnational region with special powers of self-rule. ... A capital territory or capital district is normally a specially designated administrative division where a countrys seat of government is located. ... City district can be found as official designation for a country subdivision in Pakistan See also City Districts of Pakistan Category: ... Federal districts are subdivisions of a federal system of government. ... A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England, covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. ... Municipal Districts are Census subdivision used in Canada for the administration of rural areas including farmlands and unincorporated places such as hamlets. ... A division is a type of country subdivision. ... A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. ... A governorate is a subnational entity. ... A hamlet is (usually â€” see below) a small settlement, too small or unimportant to be considered a village. ... An insular area is United States territory that is neither a part of one of the fifty states nor a part of the District of Columbia, the nations federal district. ... A judeÅ£ is an administrative division in Romania and was also used for some time in Moldova. ... Generally, a local administrative unit (LAU) is an area of governmental administration below a province, region, state or other major national subdivision. ... Local Government Area (abbreviated LGA) is a term used in Australia (and especially by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) to refer to areas controlled by each individual Local Government. ... A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ... A regional municipality (or region) is a type of Canadian municipal government which works much like a county; the method of government depends on how it is defined. ... The term regional county municipality (French municipalitÃ© rÃ©gionale de comtÃ©) is used in the Canadian province of Quebec to designate county-like political and geographic units, or census divisions. ... A rural municipality is a form of municipality in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. ... Neighbourhood is a creative-euphoric musical project led by Fabian Szewczyk and Greg Ganczewski (UK/Poland). ... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: Ð¾ÌÐ±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Okrug is a term to denote administrative subdivision in some Slavic states. ... Parish Hall of St. ... A civil parish (usually just parish) in England is a subnational entity forming the lowest unit of local government, lower than districts or counties. ... Periphery is an administrative division in Greece. ... The term prefecture (from the Latin Praefectura) indicates the office, seat, territorial circonscription of a Prefect; consequentally, like that word, is its applied in English in relation to actual Prefects, whose title is just that (or the forms it takes in other, especially Romance, languages), in the broadest sense in... Prefecture, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... An autonomous (subnational) entity is a subnational entity that has a certain amount of autonomy. ... A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. ... Regency as country subdivision exists in Indonesia. ... Look up Region in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An autonomous region or autonomous district is a subnational region with special powers of self-rule. ... Capital Region is a common term for the region or district surrounding a state, provincial or national capital city. ... Special administrative region may be: Peoples Republic of China Special administrative regions, present-day administrative divisions (as of 2006) set up by the Peoples Republic of China to administer Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999) Republic of China Special administrative regions, also translated as special administrative... For other uses, see Republic (disambiguation). ... A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. ... RancherÃa, is a form of administrative division used by Amerindian tribes to organize their social structure. ... BIA map of reservations in the United States Tribal sovereignty: Map of the United States, with non-reservation land highlighted. ... In Canada, an Indian reserve is specified by the Indian Act as a tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band. ... A shire is an administrative area of Great Britain and Australia. ... Most countries with a federal constitution are made up of a number of entities called states. ... The Subdistrict is one of the smallest Political_divisions_of_China. ... Subprefecture is an administrative level that is below prefecture or province. ... Types of political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ... Autonomous territorial unit or territorial autonomous unit (moldovan Unitate teritorialÄƒ autonomÄƒ) is a country subdivision term applied to Gagauzia, Moldova. ... A capital territory or capital district is normally a specially designated administrative division where a countrys seat of government is located. ... National Territory is the translation of the Territorio nacional a term used for territories in Argentina. ... Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a residential community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... A townland is a small geographical unit of land used in Ireland and Scotland, and believed to be of Gaelic or Goidelic origin. ... The term township is used to denote a lower level territorial subdivision. ... A civil township is a widely-used unit of local government in the United States, subordinate to a county. ... An urban area is a term used to define an area where there is an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A Vingtaine (literally group of twenty in French) is a political subdivision of Jersey. ... A Voivodship (also voivodeship, Romanian: Voievodat, Polish: WojewÃ³dztwo, Serbian: Vojvodstvo or Vojvodina) was a feudal state in medieval Romania, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Serbia (see Vojvodina), ruled by a Voivod (voivode). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into ward (politics). ...

Historical
Agency · Barony · Burgh · Cantref · Commote · Hundred · Imperial Circle · Imperial Free City · Imperial province · Presidency · Residency · Rural district · Sanitary district (rural · urban) · Urban district Agencies of British India Agencies of Pakistan Categories: | ... A barony is a country subdivision, typically at a lower level than a county. ... A sign in Linlithgow, Scotland. ... This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary. ... A “commote” or “commot” was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. ... A hundred is a geographic division used in England, Scandinavia, and some parts of the USA, which historically was used to divide a larger region into smaller administrative units. ... A map of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century. ... In the Holy Roman Empire, an imperial free city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a city formally responsible to the emperor only â€” as opposed to the majority of cities in the Empire, which belonged to a territory and were thus governed by one of the many princes (FÃ¼rsten) of... An imperial province was a Roman province where the Emperor had the sole right to appoint governors. ... Presidency was used as country subdivision in British India. ... British Residency of the Persian Gulf Residencies of British India see: Category:Residencies of British India Category: ... In local government on the British Isles, a rural district was a predominantly rural area used for local government. ... Sanitary Districts were established in England and Wales in 1875 and in Ireland in 1878. ... In the British Isles an urban district was a type of local government district which covered an urbanised area. ...

Boldface indicates a type used by ten or more countries; loanwords in italics. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. ...

Contents

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