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The Constituent Assembly of Colombia (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de Colombia) was formed on February 5, 1991, to draft Colombia's 1991 constitution. It was dissolved in June 1991, after the new document was adopted nationwide. February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
June is the sixth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four with the length of 30 days. ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Background Throughout the later half of the 20th century, many different sectors of Colombian public and political opinion, both outside and inside the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party, had developed an increasing desire to extensively reform the nation's aging 1886 constitution into a more modern document, according to the changing needs and realities of the citizens and their context, as well as a way to curve ongoing violence. The Colombian Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Colombiano), is a conservative and right of center Colombian political party. ...
Politics of Colombia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Colombian political parties | Liberal parties ...
1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) Events January 18 _ Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ...
Some felt that the previous constitution, in spite of several amendments that had been implemented (in 1910, for example), was no longer applicable as a whole and had to be discarded in favor of a more progressive doument. Others recognized that despite the presence of what they saw as some enduring positive qualities and values (such as the open proclamation of Colombia as a Catholic nation, considered as essential by some), a greater degree of political pluralism and civil liberties was still necessary in order to better address the country's problems. Apparently only relatively small number opposed any modifications outright. Amendment has at least two meanings: An amendment is a formal alteration to any official document or record, typically with the aim of improving it for the better. ...
1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
In the social sciences, pluralism is a framework of interaction in which groups show sufficient respect and tolerance of each other, that they fruitfully coexist and interact without conflict or assimilation. ...
In addition to all this, many critics felt that the country was exhausted of and needed a respite from what some called the "old political class", and that a new constitution would be of use in achieving that scenario.
Despite a generally positive attitude towards change among the population, most of the early attempts to call for an extensive amendment of the existing constitution (notably in 1957, under General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla ) or to convoke a Constituent Assembly ultimately failed because of different types of political and congressional infighting, but the aspiration never dissapeared entirely. 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
A Constituent Assembly is a body elected with the express and limited purpose of drafting, and in some cases, adopting a constitution. ...
In particular, during the 1980s, as several rocky peace negotiations where carried out with guerrilla groups, such as the 19th of April Movement and the EPL, the desire to change the constitution as part of the potential peace agreements began to gradually become part of a wide national concensus. Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ...
The 19th of April Movement, (Movimiento 19 de Abril) or (M-19) was a Colombian guerrilla that traced its origins to the allegedly fraudulent presidential elections of April 19, 1970. ...
Possible meanings: Event programming language FA Premier League This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
After the murder of Luis Carlos Galán in 1989 (and later those of Bernardo Jaramillo and Carlos Pizarro in early 1990) and his replacement as the Liberal presidential candidate by César Gaviria, a civic movement made up of different academic and student sectors, some of which had backed the former candidate, eventually proposed that a nonbinding "seventh ballot" (séptima papeleta) should be included in the March 1990 legislative elections, asking the electorate to pronounce itself in favor or against the future convokation of a National Constituent Assembly. Colombian politician born in Bucaramanga to Mario Galán and Cecilia Sarmiento (1943-1989). ...
1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Term of office: August 7, 1990 – August 7, 1994 Preceded by: Virgilio Barco Vargas Succeeded by: Ernesto Samper Pizano Date of birth: March 31, 1947 Place of birth: Pereira, Colombia First Lady: Ana Milena Muñoz de Gaviria Political party: Liberal César Gaviria Trujillo (born March 31, 1947) is a Colombian...
For alternative meanings, see March (disambiguation). ...
1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This proposal was tacitly accepted by the government of president Virgilio Barco Vargas and when an informal count of the votes was authorized by the electoral authorities, some two million voters had voted in favor of the initiative by turning in their "seventh ballots". Virgilio Barco Vargas (September 17, 1921 - May 20, 1997) was a politician and diplomat from Colombia. ...
This symbolic demonstration of public opinion gave the Barco administration what it perceived as a favorable mandate in order to proceed with the consultation process in a more formal manner, and thus the execution of an official plesbicite was decreed on May 3, 1990, a move which was then authorized by Colombia's Supreme Court. May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ...
1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The date for the plesbicite was set to coincide with the May 27, 1990 presidential elections. Five of the six million voters that participated in the elections voted in favor the initiative. The newly elected president, César Gaviria, who had been chosen by 47% of the voters (some 2,891,808 votes), signed on August 27, 1990 a presidential decreee that called for the election of a National Constituent Assembly on December 9. May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ...
1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ...
1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Supreme Court found no fault in Gaviria's decree, and unprecendently declared that the future Constituent Assembly would be able to freely pronounce itself on all matters, except for international treaties and the duration of the period of those officials elected during 1990.
Election of the Assembly On December 9, the 70 delegates that would make up the new Assembly were elected. Surprisingly for some, participation was low and only 3,710,567 votes were cast, with an abstention of nearly 75% of the electorate. December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
The FARC base at Casa Verde, (La Uribe, Meta) was bombed by the military on that same date. The FARC had been participating on and off in negotiations with both of the preceding administrations, but the climate had turned sour and dangerous, amid which each party blamed the other for bloody acts of political violence, breaches of a declared cease fire and other mutual recriminations. The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia – Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – Peoples Army, or FARC-EP) was established in 1964 as the paramilitary wing of the Colombian Communist Party, and is Colombias oldest, largest, most capable, and best-equipped insurgent force. ...
Meta can refer to: A prefix derived from Greek, see Meta- Meta, Colombia, a department of Colombia. ...
25 of the electd delegates were from the Colombian Liberal Party, 19 from the newly demobilized M-19 guerrilla movement, 11 from the Conservative Party's dissenting leader Álvaro Gómez Hurtado and his National Salvation Movement, 9 from the main Colombian Conservative Pary, and two representatives each for the indigenous peoples, the evangelicals, and the Patriotic Union. Additionally, the government assigned four more delegates, two for the demobilized EPL, one for the Revolutionary Worker's Party and one for the Quintín Lame indigenous guerrilla movement.
The Assambly was inaugurated on February 5, 1991. A shared tripartite co-presidency was elected among the participating delegates: Horacio Serpa Uribe from the Liberal Party, Álvaro Gómez Hurtado from National Salvation, and Antonio Navarro Wolff from the M-19. February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Main Discussions
The government presented the Assembly its own version of a draft constitution, which had several innovations that followed new international standards and principles, which included the explicit acknowledgement of human rights guarantees, ethnic diversity and political pluralism as significant ideological concerns. The entire document had rough edges and wasn't accepted as a whole outright, but important elements of the same became the basis for many of the debates among the different delegates.
Additionally, citizen participation in the discussions was one of the new elements introduced through the propositions that different academic, labor, social and political associations presented before the Assembly for further debate.
The Assembly also reestablished the position of vice president.
The Extradition Debate Amid much controversy, externally and internally, the Constituent Assembly decided in favor of prohibiting the extradition of Colombian nationals.
Critics of this decision considered that the move was a sign of submission to the threats of druglords (the so called "extraditables", which included Pablo Escobar) and would create friction in Colombia's relations with the United States, while those in favor alleged that it was a concession to nationalism and a way to respect the country's own sovereignity. In particular, the demobilized M-19 delegates strongly held this position. A WANTED poster of Escobar Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (January 12, 1949–December 2, 1993) was a Colombian drug lord who was considered by members of the government, news reporters and the general public alike to be one of the most ruthless, ambitious and powerful drug dealers in history. ...
Most observers would tend to agree that there is evidence of the drug cartel's intention of influencing the debate by trying to pressure or buy off individual delegates, but not of their being directly and unilaterally responsible for the final outcome. Others would tend to disagree and place the blame for the removal of extradition on their shoulders.
This prohibition was lifted on November 1997, but the newly reintroduced terms for extradition indicated that its application could not be retroactive (for crimes committed before 1997). November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ...
1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Reef. ...
Revocation of Congress The Constituent Assembly eventually reached the conclusion that the revocation of the Colombian Congress was a necessity, in order to prevent any possible legislative counterreform by sectors of what was termed by observers as the "old political class".
Most of Congress was logically against this move, and a few legislators placed the blame on the demobilized M-19 members, though they were not the only ones in favor of the decision.
On June 8, 1991, president César Gaviria and the three co-presidents of the Assembly reached an "agreement" on the matter with the Colombian Liberal Party's leader, Alfonso López Michelsen, whose party represented 59% of Congress and about 35.7% of the Constituent Assembly. It was agreed that Congress would be revoked, but that the Assembly delegates would not be able to participate as candidates in the new elections, in addition to any public officials that had not resigned at least one year before, nor would any high government officials that didn't resign by June 14. June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Alfonso López Michelsen (b. ...
June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ...
The "agreement" was publicly presented as a "recommendation", in order to prevent possible legal action against it (there were precedents of such "agreements" being declared unconstitutional under previous administrations). The "recommendation" was approved by the Constituent Assembly and became transitional constitutional law, which secured its legal applicability.
A provisional legislative body, the Special Commission or "Congresito" ("small Congress") of 36 members (half of which could be Assembly delegates)was designated on July 4 by the Assembly, to fill the legalislative vaccum until the October 6 elections could take place under the new constitution. The Special Commission sessioned twice, from July 15 to October 4 and from November 1 to December 1, 1991. July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ...
October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in Leap years). ...
July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ...
October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in Leap years). ...
November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ...
December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
End of the Assembly The new constitution was proclaimed on July 4, 1991 and the Assembly dissolved itself shortly after that event. July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
President Gaviria spoke for most of the delegates when he considered the new text to be "generous on the matter of rights; wide, participative and democratic in politics; strong and solid in justice; healthy and responsible in economics; revolutionary in social matters". Public opinion at the time was generally positive as well and was optimistic about the application of those provisions.
Contemporary critics had contrasting views, as some observers from the far right considered that the document was too generous on some matters and had weakened the power of the central state and the executive in favor of the judicial and legislative branches, extending too many guarantees and rights that a functional administration would not be able to adequately manage. Some observers from the far left believed that it was flawed and fell short of what the country really required, because they perceived that the constitution was still mostly of a capitalist nature and because it allegedly didn't attack that economic system directly. In economics, a capitalist is someone who owns capital, presumably within the economic system of capitalism. ...
More than ten years after the fact, later observers would tend to agree that it is apparent to many Colombians that the National Constituent Assembly and the constitution that it drafted were definitely a valuable democratic step forward both in the statement of principles and in their gradual application, but likewise many would agree that much more remains to be done before it can truly be said that theory has been fully put into practice.
See also Constitutional Reforms Colombias present constitution, enacted on July 4, 1991, strengthened the administration of justice with the provision for introduction of an accusatorial system which ultimately is to replace entirely the existing Napoleonic Code. ...
This is the history of Colombia. ...
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