Bangladesh

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Bangladesh now in commons, unfortunatley with the same name: http://commons. ... Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

Constitution President Iajuddin Ahmed Chief Advisor of Care-taker Government Iajuddin Ahmed Parliament Political parties Elections Parliament: 2001 - 2007 Divisions Human Rights Foreign relations

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The constitution of Bangladesh is the supreme law in Bangladesh. This page lists Presidents of Bangladesh. ... Prof. ... The Prime Minister of Bangladesh is, in practice, the most powerful political position in Bangladesh. ... Prof. ... Jatiyo Sangshad (Bangla: জাতীয় সংসদ) or National Assembly is the national parliament of Bangladesh. ... This article lists political parties in Bangladesh. ... See election for a more comprehensive discussion and the List of democracy and elections-related topics for an overview on related topics. ... The seventh parliamentary elections of Bangladeshs Jatiyo Sangshad was held on 1 October 2001. ... Categories: | | | | | | ... The South Asian country of Bangladesh consists of 6 divisions (bibhag), each named after its respective capital. ... 2005 was a terrible year for national security in Bangladesh. ... Bangladesh pursues a moderate foreign policy that places heavy reliance on multinational diplomacy, especially at the United Nations. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Image File history File links Wiki_letter_w. ...

History

Following the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, Bangladesh became independent on December 16, 1971. After the independence, the first constituent assembly was formed by the lawmakers from Awami League who were previously elected in East Pakistan provincial assembly in the Pakistani election of 1970. The constitution of Bangladesh was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1972. It came into effect from 16 December 1972, on the first anniversary of the victory day. Combatants Mukti Bahini India Pakistan Commanders • General M A G Osmani • General Jagjit Singh Aurora General A. A. K. Niazi Strength India: 500,000+ Mukti Bahini: 100,000[1][2] Pakistan Army: 365,000 Paramilitary: 280,000[1] Casualties India: 1,426 KIA 3,611 Wounded (Official) Mukti Bahini: NA... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... The Bangladesh Awami League (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ Bāŋlādeś Āowāmī Līg) or the Bangadesh Peoples League is the main opposition party in Bangladesh. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

Articles

The constitution of Bangladesh is divided into 11 parts, which are further subdivided into 153 articles. In addition, there are 4 schedules.

Preamble

Part I: The Republic

This section defines the nature of the country, its state religion and other national issues. According to it, Peoples' Republic of Bangladesh is a unitary republic consisting of the territories of the former East Pakistan and also included territories (some enclaves exchanged with India). The state religion is Islam, but all other religions can be practised in peace and harmony. The state language is Bangla and the national anthem is the first ten line of the song Amar Shonar Bangla written by Rabindranath Tagore. The national flag is a red circle on a green background. The national emblem is the national flower Shapla (nympoea-nouchali) resting on water, having on each side and ear of paddy and being surmounted by three connected leaves of jute with two stars on each side of the leaves. This section also mandates that the portrait of prime minister must be displayed in all government, semi-government and autonomous offices. The capital of the country is Dhaka. The citizens are to be known as Bangladeshis. East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Bengali or Bangla (বাংলা, IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit. ... Amar Shonar Bangla (My Golden Bengal) (Bangla:আমার সোনার বাংলা) is a song written and composed by esteemed poet Rabindranath Tagore,. Even though the word Shonar means golden, the expression Shonar Bangla means precious Bengal. ... Rabindranath Tagore in Kolkata, c. ... ... Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bangla: ঢাকা Đhaka; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the Dhaka District. ...

Finally Part I asserts that all power belong to the people and the constitution, being the supreme law of the country, will supersede any other laws and regulations.

Part II: Fundamental principles of state policy

This part describes the fundamental principles. The original 1972 constitution had 4 basic principles: Secularity, Nationalism, Democracy and Socialism (meaning economic and social justice for all). However, later amendments replaced Secularity with Absolute trust and faith in the Almighty Allah. 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... This article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... This article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses. ... Allah is the Arabic language word referring to God, the Lord and, literally according to the Quran, to the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the Abrahamic religions. ...

Part II's article 9, 10, and 11 declares the rights of the people. Article 9 provides guidelines for quotas for the underrepresented communities, women, and peasants. Article 10 states the equal rights of women. Article 11 states that Bangladesh would be a democracy, with guaranteed human rights. Article 13, 14, 15, and 16 deal with principal of ownership, emancipation of workers and peasants, provision of basic necessities, and rural development. Article 17 states that the basic education will be free and compulsory for all children. The remaining articles (18-25) provide various guarantees for public health and morality, equality of opportunity, work as a right and duty, duties of citizens and of public servants, separation of Judiciary from the executive, national culture, national monuments, and promotion of international peace, security and solidarity, respectively.

Part III: Fundamental rights

Laws inconsistent with fundamental rights to be void

(1) All existing law inconsistent with the provisions of this Part shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, become void on the commencement of this Constitution.

(2) The State shall not make any law inconsistent with any provisions of this Part, and any law so made shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void.

(3) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of this Constitution made under article 142.

Equality before law

This part states that all Bangladeshi citizens regardless of race, religion etc. are equal in before the judiciary system of Bangladesh.

Discremination on grounds of religion, etc.

Eqality of opportunity in public employment

Prohibition of foreign titles, etc.

Right to protection of law

Protection of right to life and personal liberty

Safegards as to arrest and detention

Prohibition of forced labour

Protection in respect of trial and punishment

Freedom of movement

Freedom of assembly

Freedom of association

Freedom of thought and conscience, and of speech

Freedom of procession or occupation

Freedom of religion

Rights of property

Protection of home and correspondence

Enforcement of fundamental rights

Modification of rights in respect of disciplinary law

Power to provide indemnity

Saving for certain laws

Inapplicability of certain articles

Part IV: The Executive

Chapter I - The President

Chapter II - The Prime Minister and the Cabinet

Chapter II A - Non-Party Caretaker Government

Chapter III - Local Government

Chapter V - The Attorney General

Part V: The Legislature

Chapter I - Parliament

Chapter II- Legislative and financial procedures

Chapter III - Ordinance Making Power

Part VI: The Judiciary

Chapter I - The Supreme Court

Chapter II - Subordinate Courts

Chapter III - Administrative Tribunals

Part VIA: the National Party - [omitted]

Part VII: elections

Part VIII: the comptroller and auditor-general

Part IX: the services of Bangladesh

Chapter I - services

Chapter II - public service commissions

Part IXA: emergency provisions

Part X: amendment of the constitution

Part XI: miscellaneous

Schedules

First schedule - laws effective notwithstanding other provisions

Second schedule - election of President [omitted]

Third schedule - oaths and affirmations

Fourth schedule - transitional and temporary provisions

See also

• Bangladesh

External link

• To see the Full text of the constitution