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Encyclopedia > Constitution of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan

This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Kyrgyzstan Image File history File links Emblem_of_Kyrgyzstan. ... // Political history since independence In the first years of Kyrgyzstans full independence, President Askar Akayev appeared wholeheartedly committed to the reform process. ...

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The Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan approved the Constitution of Kyrgyzstan on 8 November, 2006 following several months of political discord. Twenty-five opposition legislators had called on President Kurmanbek Bakiyev to approve a new constitution or resign and Bakiyev critics and members of the For Reforms! opposition coalition engaged in a week-long protest in the streets of Bishkek prior to parliamentary approval.[1]. Following the protests, the parliament drafted a new constitution, which President Bakiyev signed into law on 9 November 2006[2][3]. However, calls for Bakiyev to resign continued: opposition lawmaker Melis Eshimkanov returned to Bishkek's Ala-Too Square with several hundred protesters, chanting "Bakiev! Go! Bakiev! Go!"[4] The largely peaceful acceptance of the constitution is widely seen as an unprecedented step in the democratization of Kyrgyzstan and a step forward in political liberalization for Central Asia.[5] A tulip, the symbol of the revolution The Tulip Revolution refers to the overthrow of President Askar Akayev and his government in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan after the parliamentary elections of February 27 and of March 13, 2005. ... The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of the Kyrgyz Republic. ... Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Курманбек Салиевич Бакиев; born August 1, 1949, in Masadan, Jalal-Abad Oblasty in Kyrgyzstan), is the president of the Kyrgyz Republic. ... List of Prime Ministers of Kyrgyzstan Nasirdin Isanov (1991-08-30 - 1991-11-29) Andrei Iordan (1991-11-29 - 1992-02-10) Tursunbek Chyngyshev (1992-02-10 - 1992-02-26), acting Tursunbek Chyngyshev (1992-02-26 - 1993-12-13) Almanbet Matubraimov (1993-12-13 - 1993-12-14), acting Apas Jumagulov... Felix Kulov Felix (or Feliks) Sharshenbayevich Kulov (Russian: Феликс Шаршенбаевич Кулов; born 29 October 1948 in Frunze, now Bishkek) is the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. ... The parliament of Kyrgyzstan, the Supreme Council (Joghorku Keneš), has two chambers. ... The parliament of Kyrgyzstan, the Supreme Council (Joghorku Keneš), has two chambers. ... The parliament of Kyrgyzstan, the Supreme Council (Joghorku Keneš), has two chambers. ... Political parties in Kyrgyzstan lists political parties in Kyrgyzstan. ... Elections in Kyrgyzstan gives information on election and election results in Kyrgyzstan. ... Kyrgyzstan is divided into seven provinces (singular: oblast, plural: oblastlar); adminstered by appointed governors. ... The situation of human rights in Kyrgyzstan has been mixed at best in years since independence from the Soviet Union, including increasing autocracy under former president Askar Akayev. ... Kyrgyzstan favours close relations with other CIS members, in particular with Kazakhstan and Russia. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Image File history File links Current_event_marker. ... The parliament of Kyrgyzstan, the Supreme Council (Joghorku Keneš), has two chambers. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of the Kyrgyz Republic. ... Kurmanbek Saliyevich Bakiyev (Курманбек Салиевич Бакиев; born August 1, 1949, in Masadan, Jalal-Abad Oblasty in Kyrgyzstan), is the president of the Kyrgyz Republic. ... Bishkek cityscape Bishkek (Бишкек) is the capital of Kyrgyzstan. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... Democratization is the transition from an authoritarian or a semi-authoritarian political system to a democratic political system. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...


The constitution replaced the original Kyrgyz constitution, which was adopted when Kyrgyzstan became an independent country, following the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Contents

Powers as Outlined

Draft

The first draft of the constitution put the National Security Service and the Prosecutor-General's Office under the control of the legislative branch of government. The president would need legislative approval to dismiss heads of the Central Election Commission and the Accounting Chamber. The political party with the most members in parliament would appoint the Prime Minister. Parliament membership would be increased from 75 to 90 seats. Opposition lawmaker Azimbek Beknanarov said, "With regard to the formation of the government, if a party wins more than 50 percent of the seats in parliament, one of its representatives will automatically be prime minister. If no party has a majority, then the president will entrust the party that garnered the most votes with the task of choosing a prime minister. The prime minister will form the government that will be approved by the president."[4] List of Prime Ministers of Kyrgyzstan Nasirdin Isanov (1991-08-30 - 1991-11-29) Andrei Iordan (1991-11-29 - 1992-02-10) Tursunbek Chyngyshev (1992-02-10 - 1992-02-26), acting Tursunbek Chyngyshev (1992-02-26 - 1993-12-13) Almanbet Matubraimov (1993-12-13 - 1993-12-14), acting Apas Jumagulov...


Compromise Amendments

Parliamentary members agreed to two of Bakiyev's amendments to the draft constitution: his signature as one of the co-authors of the constitution and the president's right to appoint local judges. Opposition lawmaker Temir Sariyev said that if the government fails to "adopt a new constitution and send people home by this evening, then we may find ourselves in a difficult situation. The president had to understand that. There are, in the history of a state, some important moments. Our only demand is that Bakiyev quickly implement the reforms. The president must do that; he must behave like a responsible politician." Bakiyev will remain President and Felix Kulov will remain Prime Minister until 2010 because Bakiyev signed the Constitution.[4] A judge or justice is an official who presides over a court. ... Felix Kulov Felix (or Feliks) Sharshenbayevich Kulov (Russian: Феликс Шаршенбаевич Кулов; born 29 October 1948 in Frunze, now Bishkek) is the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. ...


Prior to approval

Protests

The For Reforms! opposition coalition announced on 1 November that it planned to have 10,000 supporters in the streets of Bishkek on 2 November protesting the perceived lack of constitutional reform that Bakiyev promised when voters elected him in July 2005.[1] Opponents also accused the Bakiyev administration of failing to deal with corruption and rising crime.[2] The Kyrgyz government responded by issuing a press release stating that "Kyrgyzstan is going through one of the most crucial moments in its history... The government calls for wisdom, dialogue, and cooperation from all political forces with the goal of preserving peace and stability for the sake of the future democracy and civilized development of Kyrgyzstan."[1] November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... Historical map of Central Asia // Early History Stone implements found in the Tian Shan mountains indicate the presence of human society in what is now Kyrgyzstan as many as 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. ...


As the opposition coalition had promised, thousands of For Reforms! demonstrators set up tents and yurts in Bishkek's Ala-Too square.[5] The protesters carried placards, made speeches and played patriotic music in the square and outside the presidential office building nearby, while hundreds of policemen monitored the situation. Bishkek police estimated there were 5,000 protesters, while BBC News correspondents estimated there were at least 10,000.[6] Many business owners closed and boarded up their shops, fearing a repeat of the looting that took place during the Tulip Revolution of 2005, should Bakiyev and the opposition fail to reach a compromise. On 3 November, Prime Minister Felix Kulov accused the opposition of attempting to stage a coup, based on the security services' recording of alleged conversations between opposition leaders. However, Bakiyev played down this threat, stating that "There are no forces to carry out a coup. But there are intentions." Opposition leaders rejected the allegations. [7] A Yurt is a portable felt dwelling structure used traditionally by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... A tulip, the symbol of the revolution The Tulip Revolution refers to the overthrow of President Askar Akayev and his government in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan after the parliamentary elections of February 27 and of March 13, 2005. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... Felix Kulov Felix (or Feliks) Sharshenbayevich Kulov (Russian: Феликс Шаршенбаевич Кулов; born 29 October 1948 in Frunze, now Bishkek) is the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. ... A coup détat (pronounced ), or simply coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government through unconstitutional means by a part of the state establishment — mostly replacing just the high-level figures. ...


The protests reached their peak on 7 November when For Reforms! protesters and pro-Bakiyev demonstrators clashed violently in the square in front of the parliament building. Several people were injured in the confrontation and riot police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.[8] November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ...


Attacks on the Media

Marat Tokoyev, the head of Journalists, a non-governmental organization, complained on 8 November that the websites of AKIpress and 24.kg news agencies were hacked on 2 November. As a result of the attacks, both websites were rendered inaccessible from outside Kyrgyzstan until 7 November. Officials for Tazar.kg, another media outlet, said hackers destroyed their news archive, forcing the temporary closure of their website. Independent TV stations NTS and Piramida also experienced transmission problems during the protests, which they attributed to unidentified attackers.[9] The term non-governmental organization (NGO) is used in a variety of ways all over the world and, depending on the context in which it is used, can refer to many different types of organizations. ... Look up hacking in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Approval in Parliament

The speaker of the Supreme Council, Marat Sultanov, announced that the legislature had passed a new constitution after reading the document out loud twice. Following the readings, he said, "Now, dear colleagues, I suggest that you vote this proposal -- sorry, this constitution -- in the second reading. Please, proceed!...The [constitution] is adopted by 65 'yes' votes!" Members of parliament then cheered. Of the 71 members of the Supreme Council, 68 voted for the new constitution. Three did not vote quickly enough to be counted when Sultanov made the announcement. Cheers followed parliamentary member Akmatmek Kedilbekov's statement that "it is the nation that won. Both the president and the opposition won!"[4] The entire Parliamentary session took less than an hour.[10]


State Secretary Adakhan Madumarov told the members of parliament prior to the session that Bakiyev approved the draft and signed amendments allowing the parliament to pass the constitution. When reporters asked Madumarov why Bakiyev had taken a long time to sign the amendments, Madumarov replied, "Long? You know how heavy those legislative procedures are. Every single dot, every single comma must be examined by legal experts and they must then give their conclusions to the president. This is the norm for all [draft] laws, not only for this one. But rest assured that the president will sign it today."[4]


See also

Peoples Movement of Kyrgyzstan is an electoral alliance formed on September 22, 2004 in Kyrgyzstan. ... Elections in Kyrgyzstan gives information on election and election results in Kyrgyzstan. ... A tulip, the symbol of the revolution The Tulip Revolution refers to the overthrow of President Askar Akayev and his government in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgyzstan after the parliamentary elections of February 27 and of March 13, 2005. ... Askar Akayev Askar Akayevich Akayev (Аскар Акаевич Акаев) (born November 10, 1944 in Kyzyl-Bairak, Kirghiz SSR) served as President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 to March 2005, when he was deposed by a popular uprising dubbed the Tulip Revolution. ...

References

  1. ^ a b c Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Prepares For Large Opposition Rally RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
  2. ^ a b New constitution comes into force in Kyrgyzstan EurasiaNet
  3. ^ Kyrgyzstan's Parliament Approves Amended Constitution Nasdaq
  4. ^ a b c d e Kyrgyzstan: Parliament Adopts Constitution Curtailing The President's Powers RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
  5. ^ a b Kyrgyzstan curbs president power BBC News
  6. ^ Kyrgyz protesters call for change BBC News
  7. ^ Kyrgyz protesters accused of plot BBC News
  8. ^ Clashes erupt in Kyrgyz capital BBC News
  9. ^ Kyrgyz Independent Media Report Troubles RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
  10. ^ Kyrgyz Parliament Adopts New Constitution RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty

External links

  • Praise, Warnings For Kyrgyz Constitution Deal
  • New Kyrgyz Constitution Comes Into Effect
  • Kyrgyz President Signs New Constitution
  • Kyrgyzstan: Bakiev Weighs Response As Deputies Hope To Review Draft Constitution
  • Kyrgyz President Sacks Regional Governor
  • Kyrgyzstan: Deputies Take Legal Steps For New Constitution
  • Kyrgyz Opposition Lawmakers Call For Emergency Session
  • Kyrgyzstan: Crisis Deepens After President Proposes Constitutional Changes
  • Kyrgyz rally against corruption
  • Kyrgyzstan leader agrees to limit powers
  • Kyrgyz PM Airs Concerns Over Constitution Process
  • U.S. Welcomes New Kyrgyz Constitution

  Results from FactBites:
 
Kyrgyzstan - Asia (163 words)
Kyrgyzstan, officially Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz Respublikasy), landlocked republic in the eastern part of Central Asia that is bordered on the north by Kazakhstan, on the east by China, on the south by China and Tajikistan, and on the west by Uzbekistan.
The constitution enshrines Kyrgyz as the country’s state language, although Russian continues to be used widely.
In 1924 it was incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) as an autonomous region, and in 1936 its status was upgraded and it became one of the 15 constituent republics of the USSR, officially called the Kirgiz Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR).
  More results at FactBites »


 

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