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The Constitution of the Irish Free State was the constitution of the independent Irish state established in December 1922. It was enacted with the adoption of the Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Act, 1922, to which it was appended as a schedule, and was also known simply as the 1922 Constitution. The constitution was drafted by a committee under the nominal chairmanship of Michael Collins that also included James McNeill, who became the second Governor-General of the Irish Free State. Its system of government was modelled on the Westminster System of parliamentary democracy prevalent among Commonwealth of Nations states existing in the 1920s. The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) was (1922–1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Irelands 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and...
1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Michael Collins (Irish name Micheál Ó Coileáin; October 16, 1890 – August 22, 1922), an Irish revolutionary leader, served as Minister for Finance in the Irish Republic, as a member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations, as Chairman of the Provisional Government and as Commander-in...
James McNeill (March 27, 1869 - December 12, 1938) was an Irish politician, who served as second Governor-General of the Irish Free State. ...
The Governor-General (Irish: Seanascal) was the representative of the King in the 1922-1937 Irish Free State. ...
The Westminster System is a democratic system of government modelled after that of the United Kingdom system, as used in the Palace of Westminster, the location of the UK parliament. ...
The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former colonies once governed by the United Kingdom as part of the British Empire. ...
Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America as the Roaring Twenties. // Events and trends Technology John T. Thompson invents Thompson submachine gun, also known as Tommy gun John Logie Baird invents the first working mechanical television system (1925) Charles Lindbergh becomes the first person to...
The Constitution was shaped by the requirements of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed between representatives of the British Government and the Irish Republic in December 1922. Among the central requirements laid out in the Treaty were that the Constitution would contain: Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty refers to a agreement between the British government and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ...
The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ...
The Constitution came into force in two ways; The Irish Oath of Allegiance was a controversial provision in the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which Irish TDs (members of the Irish parliament) and Senators were required to take, in order to take their seats in Dáil Éireann (The Chamber of Deputies) and Seanad Éireann (the Irish Senate). ...
The Governor-General (Irish: Seanascal) was the representative of the King in the 1922-1937 Irish Free State. ...
In British Constitutional Theory It was enacted by the 'King-in-Parliament', that is, passed as an Act by the House of Commons and House of Lords, before receiving the Royal Assent. According to British constitutional theory, the constitution had been drafted by a committee under the chairmanship of the President of the Provisional Government, Michael Collins who was a Crown-appointed prime minister chosen by the House of Commons of Southern Ireland, which in turn had been elected under the British Government of Ireland Act 1920, and which had approved the Treaty in January 1922. The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...
This article is about the British House of Lords. ...
The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, or the Sovereigns representative in Commonwealth Realms, completes the process of the enactment of legislation by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ...
Michael Collins (Irish name Micheál Ó Coileáin; October 16, 1890 – August 22, 1922), an Irish revolutionary leader, served as Minister for Finance in the Irish Republic, as a member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations, as Chairman of the Provisional Government and as Commander-in...
House of Commons of Southern Ireland was the lower house of the Irish parliament created by the Government of Ireland Act, passed in 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. ...
An Act to Provide for the Better Government of Ireland, more usually the Government of Ireland Act, 1920 (this is its official short title; the formal citation is 10 & 11 Geo. ...
In Irish Constitutional Theory It was enacted by the Third Dáil, which had been elected as a Constituent Assembly (ie, a parliament with constitution-making powers). It had been drafted by a committee under Michael Collins, who was President of the Provisional Government, formed in accordance to the Treaty approved by Dáil Éireann in December 1921. The Third Dáil, also known as the Provisional Parliament or the Constituent Assembly, was the parliament of the post-partition twenty-six county Irish state which met from 9th September, 1922 until 9th August 1923. ...
A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting, and in some cases, adopting a constitution. ...
The Dáil Chamber Dáil Éireann is the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of the Republic of Ireland. ...
In reality, the Dáil which approved the Treaty, and House of Commons of Southern Ireland which did likewise, were almost identical; DÉ: 124 members. HCSI: 124 + 4, but which met separately under each name to approve the Treaty, in order to fulfil expectations in respective constitutional theories for Ireland and for Britain. House of Commons of Southern Ireland was the lower house of the Irish parliament created by the Government of Ireland Act, passed in 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. ...
Contents of the Constitution The central aspects contained in the Constitution included: - A requirement that in the event of a clash between any article of the constitution and the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the constitution's provisions were null and void (Schedule, Section 2)
- Membership of the British Commonwealth (Article 1)
- Oath of Allegiance to the Free State and Fidelity to the King (Article 17)
- Power from the people (Article 2)
- Appeals to the Privy Council (Article 66)
- Executive authority in the King (Article 51)
- cabinet called the 'Executive Council' (Article 51)
- prime minister called 'President of the Executive Council (Article 52)
- parliament (Oireachtas) to consist of King, Dáil Éireann and Seanad Éireann (Article 12).
- Representative of the Crown called the Governor-General (appointed in like manner as the Governor-General of Canada) (Article 60)
- Provision for popular referendum on legislation already passed by both Houses if a validated petition of legislators was produced (Article 47)
- Provision for the Initiation by the people of proposals for laws or constitutional amendments if a validated petition of voters was produced (Article 48)
- The right to raise and maintain armed forces (Article 46)
- The Irish language to be the National language (Article4)
- Habeas Corpus (Article6)
- Elections to be held using Proportional Representation (Article26)
- Right to vote given to women on same basis as men (Article14)
- The creation of a new Courts System (Article 64)
- The setting up of the office of the Comptrollr and Auditor General (Article62)
- No special position for any religion (Article 8)
- Complete freedom of religion, assembly, worship, "subject to public order and morality" (Article 8)
- Bills passed by the Dáil and Seanad may have the Royal Assent
- granted
- withheld
- refused (Article 41)
- After 8 years (where it could be changed by Oireachtas Éireann), constitution to be changed exclusively by the people through plebiscites. (Later amended to 16 years. In fact, the Oireachtas had full control of amendment during the constitution's existence.) (Article 50)
The constitution was later substantially amended, most dramatically, with the abolition of the Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty refers to a agreement between the British government and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ...
The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former colonies once governed by the United Kingdom as part of the British Empire. ...
The Irish Oath of Allegiance was a controversial provision in the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which Irish TDs (members of the Irish parliament) and Senators were required to take, in order to take their seats in Dáil Éireann (The Chamber of Deputies) and Seanad Éireann (the Irish Senate). ...
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, especially in a monarchy. ...
King George V, the first monarch to reign in the Irish Free State. ...
The President of the Executive Council (Irish: Uachtaráin na hArd-Chomhairle) was the head of government or prime minister of the 1922-1937 Irish Free State, and the leader of the Executive Council (cabinet). ...
Henry VIII, became King of Ireland in 1542. ...
The Dáil Chamber Dáil Éireann is the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of the Republic of Ireland. ...
The Seanad Chamber The Seanad meets in the former picture gallery in Leinster House. ...
The Governor-General (Irish: Seanascal) was the representative of the King in the 1922-1937 Irish Free State. ...
The Governor General and Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada, normally simply known as the Governor General of Canada in French, Gouverneur(e) général(e) is the Canadian representative of the monarch (presently Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II). ...
Irish (Gaeilge in Irish), a Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, the UK, and the USA, is constitutionally recognised as the first official language of the Republic of Ireland. ...
Proportional representation (PR) is any election system which ensures a proportionally representative result of a democratic election, x% of votes should be represented by x% in the democratic institutions, parliament or congress. ...
The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, or the Sovereigns representative in Commonwealth Realms, completes the process of the enactment of legislation by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ...
The Oireachtas is the National Parliament of the Republic of Ireland1. ...
A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ...
- requirement that the constitution's provisions be subject to the conditions and requirements laid down in the Anglo-Irish Treaty
- Crown
- Governor-Generalship
- Senate
- Oath of Allegiance
- Appeals to the Privy Council
Other changes included: - Length of term during which the Oireachtas could on its own amend constitution
- Article 2A curtailed civil rights
- Abolition of right of public to petition for referendum on a Bill
By 1936, the constitution had been so severely amended that it was clear that an entirely new replacement document was needed. In 1936, then President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State Eamon de Valera had a replacement constitution drafted by John Hearne, called Bunreacht na hÉireann, for which he gave formal notice to King Edward VIII of Ireland in July 1936. It was adopted and enacted by the people in a plebiscite in 1937 and came into effect that year. 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The President of the Executive Council (Irish: Uachtaráin na hArd-Chomhairle) was the head of government or prime minister of the 1922-1937 Irish Free State, and the leader of the Executive Council (cabinet). ...
Eamon de Valera (born Edward George de Valera, Irish name Éamonn de Bhailéara (October 14, 1882 – August 29, 1975), was an Irish politician, best known as a leader of Irelands struggle for independence from Britain in the early 20th Century, and the Republican anti-Treaty opposition in the...
The Constitution of Ireland is the founding legal document of the state known today as the Republic of Ireland. ...
His Majesty King Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David Windsor, formerly von Wettin), later His Royal Highness The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor (23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972), was the second British monarch of the House of Windsor. ...
1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
External links
The Irish Free State
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Poynings Law refers to the time when Sir Edward Poyning was sent as viceroy to Ireland by Henry VII of England. ...
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The Irish Parliament, a mediaeval body made up of the Irish House of Commons and the Irish House of Lords, and from which Roman Catholics had been excluded from both membership and voting for, had been subject to a number of restrictions imposed by English governments as to its ability...
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The 1800 Act of Union merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself a merger of England and Scotland under the Act of Union 1707) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801. ...
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The Catholic Relief Act, 1929 was the enactment of the British Parliament which granted Catholic Emancipation to Catholics in the United Kingdom, and in Ireland repealed the last of the Penal Laws. ...
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The Irish Church Disestablishment Act was the United Kingdom legislation whereby William Gladstones administration disestablished the Church of Ireland, disassociating it from the state and as such removing the rule that tithes had to be paid to a church that commanded the adherence of a minority of the population...
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The Irish Question British Prime Minister William Gladstone had taken up the Irish Question in part to win the general election of 1868 by uniting the Liberal Party behind this single issue. ...
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The Third Home Rule Act, more correctly known as the Home Rule Act, 1914 was an Act of the parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland which allowed for the creation of a separate home rule parliament in Ireland. ...
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The Representation of the People Act 1918 widened suffrage by abolishing practically all property qualifications for men and by enfranchising women over 30 who met minimum property qualifications. ...
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The Constitution of Dáil Éireann (Irish: Bunreacht Dála Éireann), more commonly known as the Dáil Constitution, was a short, provisional constitution adopted by the First Dáil in January 1919. ...
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An Act to Provide for the Better Government of Ireland, more usually the Government of Ireland Act 1920 (this is its official short title; the formal citation is 10 & 11 Geo. ...
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Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty refers to a agreement between the British government and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ...
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The Ministers and Secretaries Act, 1924 was one of the key statute laws enacted by the Irish Free State. ...
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The Statute of Westminster 1931 was the enactment of the United Kingdom Parliament (December 11, 1931) which established the legislative equal status of the self-governing dominions of the British Empire and United Kingdom. ...
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The Executive Authority (External Relations) Act, 1936 was an enactment of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) in 1936. ...
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The Constitution of Ireland is the founding legal document of the state known today as the Republic of Ireland. ...
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The Republic of Ireland Act was an enactment of Oireachtas Éireann passed in 1948, which came into force on April 18, 1949 and which declared that the official description of Éire was to be the Republic of Ireland. ...
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The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, commonly referred to as the European Constitution, is an international treaty intended to create a constitution for the European Union. ...
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Capital Dublin Head of state King of Ireland Kings representative: Variously called Judiciar, Lord Deputy or Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Head of government: Chief Secretary for Ireland Parliament: Irish House of Commons and Irish House of Lords The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to the English-ruled...
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed on January 1, 1801 from the merger of the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself a merger of the former Kingdoms of Scotland and England in 1707) and the Kingdom of Ireland. ...
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The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) was (1922–1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Irelands 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and...
Royal Standard of the United Kingdom (including Scotland). ...
The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former colonies once governed by the United Kingdom as part of the British Empire. ...
Download high resolution version (1200x800, 13 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Croatia Cyprus Economy of Cyprus Economy of the Czech Republic Council of Europe Economy of Denmark Drachma European Union Estonia Euro European Parliament Talk:European Union European Free Alliance...
The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) was (1922–1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Irelands 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and...
Image File history File links Great Seal of the Irish Free State - fair use This work is copyrighted. ...
Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty Anglo-Irish Treaty refers to a agreement between the British government and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ...
The Provisional Government was, in British law, the transitional government of Southern Ireland in 1922 from the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty to the creation of the Irish Free State. ...
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The Great Seal of the Irish Free State (Irish: Séala Mor do Shaorstát Éireann) was the official seal which replaced the Great Seal of the Realm used to seal official documents of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) by the Governor-General. ...
King George V, the first monarch to reign in the Irish Free State. ...
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| | Executive
King of Ireland | Governor-General | President of the Executive Council | Vice-President of the Executive Council | Executive Council | Extern Minister | Ministers and Secretaries Act Henry VIII, became King of Ireland in 1542. ...
The Governor-General (Irish: Seanascal) was the representative of the King in the 1922-1937 Irish Free State. ...
The President of the Executive Council (Irish: Uachtaráin na hArd-Chomhairle) was the head of government or prime minister of the 1922-1937 Irish Free State, and the leader of the Executive Council (cabinet). ...
The Vice-President of the Executive Council (Irish: Leas-Uachtarán na hArd-Chomhairle) was in effect the deputy prime minister of the Irish Free State, the Executive Council. ...
The Executive Council (Irish: Ard-Chomhairle) was the cabinet and de facto executive branch of government of the 1922-1937 Irish Free State. ...
An Extern Minister was a Irish minister appointed by the Governor-General of the Irish Free State on the nomination of a committee of Dáil Éireann. ...
The Ministers and Secretaries Act, 1924 was one of the key statute laws enacted by the Irish Free State. ...
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| | Legislative:
Oireachtas Éireann (made up of the King, Dáil Éireann & Seanad Éireann) |
Royal Assent | Ceann Comhairle | Cathaoirleach | Oath of Allegiance From 1922-1937 the Oireachtas was the legislature, or parliament, of the Irish Free State. ...
The Dáil Chamber The chamber was remodelled in the early 1920s. ...
The Seanad Chamber The Seanad meets in the former picture gallery in Leinster House. ...
The Ceann Comhairle1 is the chairman or speaker of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of the Republic of Ireland. ...
Cathaoirleach (pronounced, ka-here-loch) is the title of the speaker of the sixty-member Irish upper house, Seanad Éireann (pronounced External link Official website Categories: Government stubs ...
The Irish Oath of Allegiance was a controversial provision in the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which Irish TDs (members of the Irish parliament) and Senators were required to take, in order to take their seats in Dáil Éireann (The Chamber of Deputies) and Seanad Éireann (the Irish Senate). ...
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| | Judiciary
Supreme Court | High Court | Chief Justice | Courts of Justice Act, 1924 Dublin Castle Seat of the Supreme Court of the Irish Free State until 1931. ...
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| | Other topics: General elections: 1922 | 1923 | 1927 (June) | 1927 (Sept) 1932 | 1933 | 1937
See also: External Relations Act | Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act | Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act A general election took place in southern Ireland in 16 June 1922 under the provisions of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty to elect a constituent assembly paving the way for the establishment of the Irish Free State. ...
See also: Government of the 4th Dáil Irish Treaty Election, 1922 Categories: Elections in Ireland | 1923 ...
See also: Government of the 5th Dáil Categories: Elections in Ireland | 1927 ...
The Irish general election of September 1927 was held on September 15, 1927. ...
The Irish general election of 1932 was held on February 16, 1932, just over two weeks after the dissolution of the 6th Dáil on January 29. ...
The Irish general election of 1933 was held on January 24, 1933. ...
See also: Government of the 9th Dáil Categories: Elections in Ireland | 1937 ...
The Executive Authority (External Relations) Act, 1936 was an enactment of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament) in 1936. ...
The Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937 was an Act of the Oireachtas which retrospectively completed the abolition of the Governor-General of the Irish Free State. ...
The Constitution (Amendment No. ...
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