Greece

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Greece Image File history File links COA_of_Greece. ... Politics of Greece takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Greece is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

Constitution Parliament Presidium Conference of Presidents Parliamentary Committees Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis President Karolos Papoulias Presidential Departments Cabinet Judicial system Supreme Special Court Court of Cassation Council of State Chamber of Accounts Administrative divisions Peripheries Super-prefectures Prefectures Communities and Municipalities Elections: 2004 (legislative) 2006 (local) Political parties EU Politics Foreign relations

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In the modern history of Greece, starting from the Greek War of Independence, the Constitution of 1975/1986/2001 is the last in a series of democratically adopted Constitutions (with the exception of the Constitutions of 1968 and 1973 imposed by a dictatorship). The Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων; transliterated Vouli ton Ellinon; literally Council of the Greeks) is the parliament of Greece, located in Syntagma Square in Athens. ... Note on Greek names: There is no firm convention for the rendering of Greek personal names into English. ... Konstantínos Alexandrou Karamanlís (Κωνσταντίνος Αλεξάνδρου Καραμανλής, in Greek; generally known as Costas Caramanlis, Costas Karamanlis, or Kóstas Karamanlís, born September 14, 1956) became Prime Minister of Greece on March 10, 2004 following his partys victory in the March 7 parliamentary elections. ... This is a list of presidents of Greece. ... Karolos Papoulias Karolos Papoulias (Greek: Κάρολος Παπούλιας) is the President of the Hellenic Republic, former minister and member of the Hellenic parliament. ... The cabinet of Greece is comprised of the heads of the major ministries. ... In Greece, the independence of the justice is safeguarded by the Constitution. ... In Greece, the Supreme Special Court (Greek: Ανώτατο Ειδικό Δικαστήριο) is provided for in the article 100 of the Constitution. ... The Court of Cassation is the Supreme Court of Greece. ... In Greece, the Counil of State (sometimes Counsel of State or State Council, Greek: Συμβούλιο της Επικρατείας) is, at the same time, an administrative organ (one of the three Big Bodies of the greek Public Administration) and the Supreme Administrative Court. ... In Greece, the Chamber of Accounts (or Court of Accounts or Court of Auditors or Audit Court, French: Cour des Comptes , Greek: Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο) is, at the same time, an administrative organ (one of the three Big Bodies of the greek Public Administration) and a Supreme Administrative Court with a special jursdiction... The peripheries (περιφέρειες) are the subnational divisions of Greece. ... The super-prefectures of Greece are a second-degree organization of local self-government and an administrative division between the peripheries and the prefectures. ... Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known as Peripheries of Greece, which are further subdivided into 51 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos, Greek: νομοί, νομός)): See also List of the prefectures of Greece by area List of the prefectures of Greece by population density List of the prefectures of Greece by population External... Communities and municipalities of Greece are one of several levels of government within the organizational structure of that country. ... Elections in Greece gives information on election and election results in Greece. ... Legislative elections were held in Greece on March 7, 2004. ... The 2006 Greek local elections will elect representatives to Greeces 3 super-prefectures, 54 prefectures, provinces, and approximately 1,033 communities and municipalities. ... Under the current electoral system, a party needs to surpass a 3% threshold in the popular vote in order to enter parliament. ... The European Union or EU is a supranational and international organization of 27 member states. ... Greece was elected by the United Nations General Assembly to the United Nations Security Council, on 15 October 2004 , as a non-permanent member for 2005 and 2006. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Greek revolutionaries United Kingdom France Russian Empire Ottoman Empire Egyptian Khedivate Commanders Theodoros Kolokotronis, Alexander Ypsilanti Omer Vryonis, Dramalis, Ibrahim Pasha. ... George Papadopoulos Greek Γεώργιος Παπαδόπουλος, Georgios Papadopoulos, (May 5, 1919 – June 27, 1999) was the head of the military coup détat that took place in Greece on April 21, 1967...

Greek War of Independence

During the Greek War of Independence, three constitutional texts (Constitutions of 1822, 1823 and 1827) were adopted by the the Greek National Assemblies, the national representative political gatherings of the Greek revolutionaries. These constitutions were influenced by: 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Greek National Assembly (1821–1827) was a representative body of revolutionaries attempting to liberate Greece from Ottoman rule. ...

• the French Constitutions of 1793 and 1795,
• the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,
• the Draft Constitution of Rigas Velestinlis,^[1]
• the three Constitutions of the Ionian Islands.^[2]

A year before the adoption of the Greek Constitution of 1822, local Assemblies had ratified the so-called Greek local statutes, such as the Senate Organization of Western Greece, the Legal Order of Eastern Greece and the Peloponnesian Senate Organization. The Constitution of 1793, Constitution of 24 June 1793 (French: Acte constitutionnel du 24 juin 1793), or Montagnard Constitution (French: Constitution montagnarde) was a national constitution of France ratified by the National Convention on June 24, 1793 during the French Revolution, but never applied, due to the suspension of all... The Constitution of 1795, Constitution of 22 August 1795, Constitution of the Year III, or Constitution of 5 Fructidor was a national constitution of France ratified by the National Convention on August 22, 1795 (5 Fructidor of the Year III under the French Revolutionary Calendar) during the French Revolution. ... Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: Revolutionary patriotism borrows familiar iconography of the Ten Commandments Wikisource has original text related to this article: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: La... Categories: Greek poets | 1757 births | 1798 deaths | Historical stubs ... The Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: Ionioi Nisoi, Ιόνιοι Νήσοι; Ancient Greek: Ionioi Nesoi, Ιόνιοι Νήσοι) are a group of islands in Greece. ...

From the absolute to the constitutional monarchy (1833-1924)

Lithography depecting the rebellion of 1843

King Otto governed for more than 10 years without any constitutional restrictions, since the "hegemonical" Greek Constitution of 1832 was never implemented. On September 3, 1843, the infantry led by Colonel Kallergis and the Revolution captain Ioannis Makriyannis assembled in the Square in front of the Palace in Athens. Eventually joined by much of the population of the small capital, the rebellion refused to disperse until the King agreed to grant a constitution. Left with little recourse, King Otto gave in to the pressure and agreed to the demands of the crowd over the objections of his opinionated Queen. This square was renamed Constitution Square (Πλατεία Συντάγματος) to commemorate the events of September 1843. Lithography stone and mirror-image print of a map of Munich. ... A Youthful Portrait of King Otto of Greece King Otto of Greece, (Greek: Όθων, Βασιλεύς της Ελλάδος) also Prince of Bavaria (June 1, 1815 - July 26, 1867) was made the first modern king of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London, whereby Greece became a new independent kingdom under the protection of the... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Dimitri Kalergis (Demitrios) (1803-1867), Greek statesman, was a Cretan by birth, studied medicine at Paris and on the outbreak of the War of Greek Independence went to the Morea and joined the insurgents. ... General Ioannis Makrygiannis (Greek: Ιωάννης Μακρυγιάννης) (1797-1864) was a Greek merchant, military officer, politician and author. ... Marie Frederike Amelie, Princess of Oldenburg and Queen of Greece (Oldenburg 21 December 1818-Bamberg 20 May 1875 was the Consort of King Otto (1815-1867). ... Syntagma Square (Πλατεία Συντάγματος, Constitution Square), is located in central Athens, Greece. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The Greek Constitution of 1844 provided for a regime of constitutional monarchy.^[3] The Greek Constitution of 1864 was even more liberal and introduced in the Greek constitutional history the main traits of the parliamentarism. In 1874 Charilaos Trikoupis published a manifesto entitled "Who's to blame?", naming the King as the answer. Specifically, he condemned the king for bypassing parliamentary opinion in his selection of Prime Ministers. The article landed him briefly in jail, but also boosted his popularity significantly. A year later, on May 8, 1874 he mustered a parliamentary plurality and king George I of Greece reluctantly named him as Prime Minister. Thanks to Trikoupis' article a new constitution principle was recognized and implemented: the first past the post party is assigned by the King to form the government. In 1911 Eleftherios Venizelos amended 54 of the 110 articles of the Constitution, trying to liberalize the constitutional provisions in accordance with his party's principles. Nevertheless, the National schism of 1916 caused a huge constitutional crisis, as two governments were formed: one in Athens and one in Thessaloniki. This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Charilaos Trikoupis - Athens, Photographic Archive of Hellenic Literary and Historical Museum Charilaos Trikoupis (July 11, 1832 (O.S.) – 1896) was a Greek politician who served as a Prime Minister of Greece seven times from 1875 until 1895. ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... George I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: Γεώργιος A, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων) (December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of the Hellenes (Greece) from 1863 to 1913. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Eleftherios Venizelos (1864-1936), Greek statesman and diplomat. ... Komma Fileleftheron (Greek: Κόμμα Φιλελευθέρων - literally Party of the Friends of Liberty; usually translated as Liberal Party) was one of the major Greek political parties of the early 20th Century. ... The National Schism (Greek: , Ethnikos Dikhasmos, sometimes called The Great Division) is a historical event involving the disagreement between King Constantine and Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over whether Greece should enter World War I. During the war Greece was of strategic importance due to its position in the link between... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα - Athína) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of Southern Greece. ... Thessaloniki, (Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη), is Greeces second-largest city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia and the periphery of Central Macedonia. ...

The Second Hellenic Republic and the Restoration (1925-1941)

The Constitution of 1925 provided for a Republic in accordance with the results of the plebiscite of 1924. Nonetheless, On June 24, 1925, officers loyal to Theodoros Pangalos, fearing that the political instability was putting the country at risk, overthrew the government in a coup and violated the Constitution. On 24 August 1926, a counter-coup deposed him and Pavlos Kountouriotis returned as President. The Greek plebiscite of 1924 ensured and affirmed the dominance of the venizelist parataxis. ... June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... General Pangalos (1920) Theodoros Pangalos (Greek Θεόδωρος Πάγκαλος) (Born 1878, Salamina, Greece; died 1952, Athens, Greece) was a Greek general who briefly ruled the country in 1925 and 1926. ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Admiral Kountouriotis Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis (1855-1935) (Greek: Παύλος Κουντουριώτης) was an acclaimed Greek military man, and twice the President of Greece. ...

Since the previous Constitution was not fully implemented, it was the Constitution of 1927 which established the Second Hellenic Republic and provided for an elected Head of State.^[4] Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ...

After the plebiscite of 1935, King George II was restored, but the Third Revisionary Parliament of 1936 did not have the time to replace or amend the Constitution of the Republic. The elections of 1936 had produced a political deadlock and, thereby, George II appointed Ioannis Metaxas to be interim prime minister. Widespread industrial unrest in May allowed Metaxas to declare a state of emergency. He suspended the parliament indefinitely and suspended various articles of the constitution. By August 4, 1936 Metaxas was effectively dictator and no constitutional amendment was prompted. The Greek plebiscite of 1935 was held to decide on monarchy. ... George II (Greek: Γεώργιος [Geōrgios]; 20 July 1890 — 1 April 1947), King of the Hellenes (Greece) ruled from 1922-1924 and 1935-1947. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Ioannis Metaxas (Greek Ιωάννης Μεταξάς, April 12, 1871 – January 29, 1941) was a Greek General and the Prime Minister of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941. ... A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government, may work to alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors, or may order government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Dictator is originally the title of a magistrate in ancient Rome appointed by the Senate to rule the state in times of emergency. ...

The Kingdom of Greece after the Second World War (1942-1967)

After the end of the Second World War, King George II was once again restored by virtue of the plebiscite of 1946. The implications of the Greek Civil War did not allow the ratification of the liberal Draft Constitution of 1948. A more conservative Constitution was passed in 1952, which imposed restrictions on basic human rights and banned the Greek Communist Party. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... George II (Greek: Γεώργιος [Geōrgios]; 20 July 1890 — 1 April 1947), King of the Hellenes (Greece) ruled from 1922-1924 and 1935-1947. ... In 1946, a new plebiscite takes place about the form of the regime and the Greeks are asked again to decide whether they want a king or not. ... Combatants Hellenic Army, Royalist forces, Republicans, British troops Communist guerillas (ELAS, DSE) Commanders Alexander Papagos, Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, James Van Fleet Markos Vafiadis Strength 100,000 men 20,000 men and women[] Casualties 12,777 killed 37,732 wounded 4,527 missing 38,000 killed[] 40,000 captured or surrendered The... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... KKE sticker The Communist Party of Greece, better known by its acronym KKE (Greek: Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, Kommunistiko Komma Elladas), is the major communist party in Greece. ...

The Colonels' Regime (1967-1974)

On 21 April 1967, a coup took place by right-wing officers, which established a dictatorship known as the Colonels' Regime. An attempted counter-coup by King Constantine II in December failed, forcing him to leave the country. Thus, legally, there was no government and no Head of State in Athens. Thereby, the Revolutionary Council of Pattakos, Papadopoulos and Makarezos made a brief appearance to cause a Resolution to be published in the Government Gazette, appointing another member to the military administration, Major General Georgios Zoitakis, as Regent. Zoitakis then appointed Papadopoulos as Prime Minister. King Constantine was officially retained as Head of State, and Greece remained a Kingdom, as stipulated in the 1968 Constitution. 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... The Phoenix rising from its flames and the silhouette of the soldier bearing a rifle with fixed bayonet was the emblem of the Junta. ... Constantine of Greece, formerly Constantine II, King of the Hellenes (born June 2, 1940) was King of Greece from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. ... Left to right: Stylianos Pattakos, Georgios Papadopoulos and Nikolaos Makarezos Stylianos Pattakos (Greek: Στυλιανός Παττακός) was a Greek military man and one of the masterminds of the Greek military junta of 1967-1974 that overthrew the government of Panagiotis Kanellopoulos in a coup détat on April 21, 1967. ... Georgios Papadopoulos in the standard poster issued by the dictatorship government. ... Left to right: Stylianos Pattakos, Georgios Papadopoulos and Nikolaos Makarezos, in one of their earlier outings together as they appeared on Greek newspapers such as Vradini. ... Georgios Zoitakis (1910 - 1996) was a Greek General. ...

Five years later, during Papadopoulos' attempts at controlled democratization, a plebiscite abolished the monarchy on 29 July 1973, and Papadopoulos declared himself President of the Republic. A new Constitution was drafted, providing for an "elected" head of state with wide-ranging powers, effectively establishing a presidential republic. After the hard-liners' coup on 25 November 1973 deposed Papadopoulos, the regime retained the trappings of the Republic, but reverted to exclusively military control until its final collapse in the wake of the Cyprus crisis in August 1974. Republics with presidential systems are shown in blue A presidential system, or a congressional system, is a system of government of a republic where the executive branch is elected separately from the legislative. ... Combatants  Turkey  Cyprus Greek military junta The Turkish invasion of Cyprus, referred as the 1974 Cyprus Peace Operation by Turkey was a military action against the island nation of Cyprus by Turkey that resulted in the partition of the Republic of Cyprus. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

The Third Hellenic Republic

With the return of civilian rule under Constantine Karamanlis, a new referendum was held on 13 December 1974, which finally abolished the monarchy. A new Constitution was adopted that declared Greece a parliamentary democracy. This constitution was revised in 1985, limiting the powers of the President of the Republic, and again in 2001, and is still in force today. Konstantinos Karamanlis Konstantinos Karamanlis (Κωνσταντίνος Καραμανλής in Greek; March 8, 1907 – April 23, 1998) was a towering figure of Greek politics. ... A parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... This is a list of presidents of Greece. ...

List of Greek Constitutions

In a chronological order, the Greek Constitutions are:

• Greek Constitution of 1822
• Greek Constitution of 1823
• Greek Constitution of 1827
• Greek Constitution of 1832
• Greek Constitution of 1844
• Greek Constitution of 1864
• Greek Constitution of 1911
• Greek Constitution of 1925
• Greek Constitution of 1927
• Draft Constitution of 1948
• Greek Constitution of 1952
• Greek Constitution of 1968
• Greek Constitution of 1973
• Greek Constitution of 1974/1985/2001

The Syntagma (Σύνταγμα), the Constitution of Greece is resolved by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975. ...

Notes