Carpenter at work in Tennessee, June 1942.

Construction workers are employed in the construction industry and work predominately on construction sites and are typically engaged in aspects of the industry other than design or finance. The term includes general construction workers, also referred to as labourers and members of specialist trades such as electricians, carpenters and plumbers.^[1] Construction on the North Bytown Bridge in Ottawa, Canada. ... Cranes are essential in large construction projects, such as this skyscraper In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure. ... In classical economics and all micro-economics labour (or labor) is a measure of the work done by human beings and is one of three factors of production, the others being land and capital. ... TVA electricians, Tennessee, 1942. ... For other uses, see Carpenter (disambiguation). ... Joe Kessler is a plumber! A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking) water, sewage, drainage, venting, heating and air-conditioning, or industrial process plant piping. ...

Construction trades

• They enjoy taking long romantic walks on the beach

• Bricklayer, a tradesman who lays bricks to and construct brickwork. The term also refers to personnel who use blocks to construct blockwork walls and other forms of masonry.^[2]

• Carpenter, a skilled craftsman who performs carpentry - a wide range of woodworking that includes constructing buildings, furniture, and other objects out of wood. The work generally involves significant manual labor and work outdoors, particularly in rough carpentry.^[3]

• Concrete finisher, a tradesman who works with concrete, which includes placing, finishing, protecting and repairing concrete in construction projects.^[2]

• A heavy equipment operator drives and operates engineering vehicles used in engineering and construction projects.^[4]

• Electrician, a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings and related equipment. Electricians may be employed in the construction of new buildings or maintenance of existing electrical infrastructure.^[5]

• Laborer, tradesman proficient with air tools, hand tools, blasting, small heavy equipment and assisting other trades. [1]

• Painter and decorator, a tradesman responsible for the painting and decorating of buildings, and is also known as a decorator or house painter.^[6]

• Plasterer, a tradesman who works with plaster, such as forming a layer of plaster on an interior wall or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls.^[7]

• Plumber, a tradesman who specialises in installing and maintaining systems used for plumbing, heating, drainage, potable (drinking) water or small-sized industrial process plant piping.^[8]

• Pipefitter, (also called steamfitter) is someone who lays out, assembles, fabricates, maintains and repairs large-sized piping systems for industrial processes which are typically under high pressure and require metals such as carbon steel, stainless steel, and other alloys fused together through welding.^[9]

• Steel fixer, a tradesman who positions and secures reinforcing bars and mesh used to reinforce concrete on construction projects.^[10][11]
  • Steel erector, a tradesman who installs structural steel frames of building and engineering projects. The components would usually have been prefabricated, including all welded joints. Structural steel installation is usually crane assisted and utilizes mobile elevated work platforms or scissor lifts as the structure progresses. The work is executed in team using powered and hand tools to bolt the steelwork together.^[12][13]

• Welder is a tradesman who specialises in welding materials together.^[14][15]

A bricklayer or mason is a tradesman who lays bricks to construct brickwork. ... A tradesman is a skilled manual worker in a particular trade or craft. ... Flemish bond. ... A stack of rectangular cinder blocks A cinder block (also mistakenly called a concrete block), breeze block, or Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU), is a rectangular block or brick used in construction. ... This article refers to the building structure component; for the fraternal organization, see Freemasonry. ... For other uses, see Carpenter (disambiguation). ... An artisan, also called a craftsman,[1] is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ... A carpenter is a skilled craftsman who performs carpentry -- a wide range of woodworking that includes constructing buildings, furniture, and other large objects out of wood. ... Artists can use woodworking to create delicate sculptures. ... Construction on the North Bytown Bridge in Ottawa, Canada. ... For the UK band, see Furniture (band). ... For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... A concrete finisher, also known as a cement mason, is a tradesman who works with concrete. ... An excavator. ... An excavator Engineering vehicles are heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing engineering tasks. ... Engineering is the discipline of acquiring and applying knowledge of design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... For other uses, see Construction (disambiguation). ... TVA electricians, Tennessee, 1942. ... Pneumatic tools or air tools are tools driven by compressed air, usually supplied by a gas compressor. ... A hand tool is a device for doing a particular job that does not use a motor, but is powered solely by the person using it. ... Rock blasting is the controlled use of explosives to excavate rock. ... An excavator Engineering vehicles are heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing engineering tasks. ... A modern painter and decorator. ... Plasterwork, or plastering, is one of the most ancient of handicrafts employed in connection with building operations, the earliest evidence showing that the dwellings of primitive man were erected in a simple fashion with sticks and plastered with mud. ... This article is about the building material. ... Cavetto molding and resulting shadow pattern Ovolo molding and resulting shadow pattern Cyma molding and resulting shadow pattern Ogee molding and resulting shadow pattern Molding (USA) or moulding (AUS, CAN, UK) is a strip of material with various cross sections used to cover transitions between surfaces or for decoration. ... Joe Kessler is a plumber! A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking) water, sewage, drainage, venting, heating and air-conditioning, or industrial process plant piping. ... A plumber wrench for working on pipes and fittings A complex arrangement of rigid steel piping, stop valves regulate flow to various parts of the building. ... HVAC may also stand for High-voltage alternating current HVAC is an initialism that stands for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning. This is sometimes referred to as climate control. ... Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... “Process engineering is about applying engineering approaches, techniques, and tools to the construction of Process Models. ... A pipefitter (also called steamfitterthere is a difference between a plumer and a steamfitter by the number out hammer dents on his forheadfor plumbers our shit is there bread and butter) is someone who lays out, assembles, fabricates, maintains and repairs piping systems. ... Carbon steel,is very fun 2 play with also called plain carbon steel, is a metal alloy, a combination of two elements, iron and carbon, where other elements are present in quantities too small to affect the properties. ... The 630 foot (192 m) high, stainless-clad (type 304) Gateway Arch defines St. ... Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ... A steel fixer is a tradesman who positions and secures steel reinforcing bars, also known as rebar and steel mesh used in reinforced concrete on construction projects. ... A tied rebar beam cage. ... Two steel erectors at work. ... A tradesman is a skilled manual worker in a particular trade or craft. ... Welding is a joining process that produces coalescence of materials (typically metals or thermoplastics) by heating them to welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler material. ... Structural steel is steel construction material, a profile, formed with a specific shape or cross section and certain standards of chemical composition and strength. ... A modern crawler type derrick crane with outriggers. ... A lift table is a work platform that can raise and lower people and materials. ... A welder is a tradesman who specialises in welding materials together. ... Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ...

Training

Two steel erectors at work.

There are several routes to the different careers within the construction industry. Craft industries offer jobs where employees train while they work through apprenticeships and other training schemes. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 479 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2254 × 2818 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 479 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2254 × 2818 pixel, file size: 2. ... Two steel erectors at work. ... A career is a course of successive situations that make up some activity. ... For other uses, see Craft (disambiguation). ... Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... If youre looking for the TV show, see The Apprentice. ... Training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relates to specific useful skills. ...

Tradesmen in countries such as Germany are required to fulfill a formal apprenticeship (usually three years) to work professionally in a trade such as carpentry. Upon graduation from the apprenticeship, he or she is known as a journeyman. Up through the 19th and even the early 20th century, the journeyman traveled to another region of the country to learn the building styles and techniques of that area before (usually) returning home. In modern times, journeymen are not required to travel, and the term refers more to a level of proficiency and skill. In the U.S. union recognized trades have organized skills tests for official journeyman status, but uncertified tradesmen may be called journeymen based on their skill level, years of experience, or simply because they support themselves in the trade, and not due to any certification or formal education. Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of skilled crafts practitioners, which is still popular in some countries. ... For other uses, see Journeyman (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ...

After working as a journeyman for a specified period, a tradesman may go on to study or test as a master craftsman. In some countries, such as Germany or Japan, this is a process requiring extensive knowledge and skill to achieve master certification. In others, it can be a loosely used term to describe a skilled carpenter. // A master craftsman (sometimes called only master or grandmaster) was a member of a guild. ...

In the U.K. some prospective tradesmen will learn the profession through apprenticeships or a traineeship that will last 3 to 4 years. There are City and Guilds courses available that combine college based theory training with practical learning. Construction workers are also called The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and a member of the European Union. ... The City and Guilds of London Institute was founded by the London Livery Companies for the purpose of training craftsmen and engineers in 1878. ... The word theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. ... Training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relates to specific useful skills. ...

Graduate roles in the construction industry are filled by people with at least a foundation degree in subjects such as civil engineering, construction engineering or construction management. Graduates often receive specialised positions and gain qualifications such as chartered status.^[16] The Foundation Degree is a vocational qualification introduced by the UK government in September 2001. ... The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. ... Construction engineering concerns the planning and management of the construction of structures such as highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservoirs. ... Construction Management refers either to the study and practice of the managerial and technological aspects of the construction industry (including construction, construction science, construction management, and construction technology), or to a business model where one party to a construction contract serves as a construction consultant, providing both design and construction... Alternate use, see charter airline or bare-boat charter. ...

Construction site safety

Main article: Construction site safety

A construction worker with column reinforcement steel.

A site-safety sign at a highway overpass construction site describing the mandatory safety procedures and equipment. ... Download high resolution version (924x1496, 572 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (924x1496, 572 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Hazards to construction workers

The construction industry is the most dangerous land based civilian work sector In the European Union, the fatal accident rate is nearly 13 workers per 100,000 as against 5 per 100,000 for the all sector average.^[17][18] Construction on the North Bytown Bridge in Ottawa, Canada. ...

The problem is not that the hazards and risks are unknown, it is that they are very difficult to control in a constantly changing work environment. The two biggest safety hazards on site are falls from height and vehicles, but there are many more (electricity and being buried while working in excavations being two more examples). Some of the main health hazards on site are asbestos, solvents, noise, cement dust, and manual handling activities. Electricity (from New Latin Ä“lectricus, amberlike) is a general term for a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. ... For other uses, see Asbestos (disambiguation). ... A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in the fluid. ... Environmental Noise is unwanted sound, which may cause both nuisance and damage to health. ...

Applicable laws

Under European Union Law, there are European Union Directives in place to protect workers, notably Directive 89/391 (the Framework Directive) and Directive 92/57 (the Temporary and Mobile Sites Directive). This legislation is transposed into the Member States and places requirements on employers (and others) to assess and protect workers health and safety. European Union law is the unique legal system which operates alongside the laws of Member States of the European Union (EU). ... A directive is a legislative act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result. ...

In the U.S. the Occupational Safety & Health Administration OSHA sets and enforces standards concerning workplace safety and health. Also the U.N. has the Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988.^[19] For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... If you are searching for the organization, click OSHA. Osha (Ligusticum porteri) is a perennial herb used for its medicinal properties. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988 is an International Labour Organization Convention. ...

Personal Protective Equipment

Main article: Personal protective equipment

Construction workers are usually associated with wearing a hard hat, this along with steel-toe boots are the most common personal protective equipment worn. The standard use of high visibility jackets is also widespread. Additional personal protective equipment is required on the basis of a risk assessment, for example when dealing with situations involving hazardous substances, protective gloves and goggles would be specified.^[20] // Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other gear designed to protect the wearers body or clothing from injury by electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and infection, for job-related occupational safety and health purposes, and in sports, martial arts, combat, etc. ... A hard hat is a type of helmet predominately used in workplace environments such as construction sites to protect the head from injury such as from falling objects, debris and bad weather. ... A pair of well-worn steel-toe boots. ... High-visibility clothing is any clothing worn that has highly reflective properties or a color that is easily discernable from any background. ... Hazard may mean: Dangers, risks, problems A hazard is a source of potential harm. ... A glove (Middle English from Old English glof) is a type of garment which covers the hand. ... Watersport goggles Blowtorching goggles and safety helmet Goggles and safety glasses are forms of protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the eye area in order to prevent particulates or chemicals from striking the eyes. ...

Construction worker donning a high-visibility fluorescent vest.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 213 pixelsFull resolution (4096 × 1092 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 213 pixelsFull resolution (4096 × 1092 pixel, file size: 2. ...

References

poop ... Cleveland redirects here. ... The Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) is the statistical arm of the European Commission, producing data for the European Union and promoting harmonisation of statistical methods across the member states. ...

See also

• Building
• Civil engineering
• List of construction topics
• Megaproject
• Laborer
• Construction site safety
• 3D's Dangerous Jobs

Old Executive Office Building, Washington D.C. Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong, China In architecture, construction, engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following: Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or An... The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. ... A Abated Acoustics Air conditioning Architectural engineer Architecture Autonomous buildings B Balloon framing Braced wall line (shear walls) Brick Bricklayer brickwork Buckminster Fuller Building code building construction foundations building power systems Building transportation systems C carpentry Chimney cladding Civil engineering Climate control Clerk of the Works Composting toilet Computer-aided... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A site-safety sign at a highway overpass construction site describing the mandatory safety procedures and equipment. ...

External links

• Link to dmoz directory of construction weblinks