The transmission of financial crises across countries (e.g. the Asian Crisis of 1997)
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In another variation on the idea of contagion, Hamblin, Jacobsen, and Miller (1973) discuss hijacking in terms of the diffusion and modification of a basic invention, claiming in effect that each hijacker is attempting to outdo previous hijackers by inventing a better hijacking.
The use of terms such as "contagion" and "skyjack virus" is clearly metaphoric and does not explain the link between the stimulus (publicity) and the motivation of individuals to commit hijackings.
Contagion effects of transportation hijackings on extortion hijackings are shown in the lower portion of table 5.
Contagion measures both patch type interspersion (i.e., the intermixing of units of different patch types) as well as patch dispersion (i.e., the spatial distribution of a patch type).
According to the previous authors, contagion measures the extent to which landscape elements (patch types) are aggregated or clumped (i.e., dispersion); higher values of contagion may result from landscapes with a few large, contiguous patches, whereas lower values generally characterize landscapes with many small and dispersed patches.
Like the contagion index, the interspersion index is a relative index that represents the observed level of interspersion as a percentage of the maximum possible given the total number of patch types.
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