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Contiki

Screenshot of the VNC server running on the Atmel AVR port of Contiki.
Website:	http://www.sics.se/contiki/
Company/ developer:	Adam Dunkels
Source model:	open source
Latest stable release:	1.3 / 9 July 2006
Default user interface:	CTK
License:	BSD License
Working state:	current

Contiki is a small, open source, highly portable, multitasking computer operating system developed for use on a number of memory-constrained networked systems ranging from 8-bit computers to embedded systems on microcontrollers, including sensor network motes. The name Contiki comes from Thor Heyerdahl's famous Kon-Tiki raft. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a desktop sharing system which uses the RFB (Remote FrameBuffer) protocol to remotely control another computer. ... The AVR®s are a family of RISC microcontrollers from Atmel. ... A website (alternatively, Web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on a Web server, usually accessible via the Internet or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML, that is almost always accessible via HTTP, a... It has been suggested that software publisher be merged into this article or section. ... A software developer is a person who is concerned with one or more facets of the software development process, a somewhat broader scope of computer programming or a specialty of project managing. ... Adam Dunkels, Ph. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The user interface is the part of a system exposed to users. ... A software license is a legal agreement which may take the form of a proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software. ... The BSD license is a permissive license and is one of the most widely used free software licenses. ... Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... In computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created for a computing environment that is different from the one for which it was originally designed (e. ... In computing, multitasking is a method by which multiple tasks, also known as processes, share common processing resources such as a CPU. In the case of a computer with a single CPU, only one task is said to be running at any point in time, meaning that the CPU is... A BlueGene supercomputer cabinet. ... An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that manage the hardware and software resources of a computer. ... 8-bit refers to the number of bits used in the data bus of a computer. ... It has been suggested that Embedded System Design in an FPGA be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with embedded microprocessor. ... A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. ... Thor Heyerdahl Thor Heyerdahl (October 6, 1914, in Larvik, Norway – April 18, 2002, in Colla Micheri, Italy) was a Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer with a scientific background in zoology and geography. ... The Kon-Tiki raft is shown on the cover of the DVD of the documentary. ...

Despite providing multitasking and a built-in TCP/IP stack, Contiki only needs a few kilobytes of code and a few hundred bytes of RAM. A full system, complete with a graphical user interface, needs about 30 kilobytes of RAM.^{[citation needed]} The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet runs. ... A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix kilo-, meaning 1000) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to the decimal 1024 bytes (2 to the 10th power, or 1,024 bytes based in the binary system). ... In computer science a byte is a unit of measurement of information storage, most often consisting of eight bits. ... Random access memory (usually known by its acronym, RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers. ... A graphical user interface (GUI, often pronounced gooey) is a type of user interface which allows people to interact with a computer and computer-controlled devices which employ graphical icons, visual indicators or special graphical elements called widgets, along with text labels or text navigation to represent the information and...

The basic kernel and most of the core functions were developed by Adam Dunkels at the Networked Embedded Systems group at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science. A kernel connects the application software to the hardware of a computer. ... Adam Dunkels, Ph. ... Swedish Institute of Computer Science, SICS, is an independent non-profit research organization. ...

Features

Contiki is designed for embedded systems with small amounts of memory. A typical Contiki configuration is 2 kilobytes of RAM and 40 kilobytes of ROM. Contiki consists of an event-driven kernel on top of which application programs are dynamically loaded and unloaded at runtime. Contiki processes use light-weight protothreads that provide a linear, thread-like programming style on top of the event-driven kernel. Contiki also supports per-process optional preemptive multi-threading, interprocess communication using message passing through events, as well as an optional GUI subsystem with either direct graphic support for locally connected terminals or networked virtual display with VNC or over Telnet.

Contiki runs on a variety of platform ranging from embedded microcontrollers such as the MSP430 and the AVR to old homecomputers. Code footprint is on the order of kilobytes and memory usage can be configured to be as low as tens of bytes.

Other developers

A number of people are or have been involved in the development of Contiki:^[1]

• Mikael Backlund. Contiki desktop icons.
• Simon Barner, TU München. AVR port.
• Matthias Bergvall, ENEA. Wrote the CTK-over-Telnet network GUI.
• Anders Carlsson. VIC-20 port.
• Shujuan Chen, master's thesis student, NES group at SICS. Secure time synchronization protocols.
• Lawrence Chitty. Sharp Wizard port.
• Matthias Domin. Atari Jaguar port.
• James Dessart. Tandy CoCo Color Computer port.
• Joakim Eriksson, NES group at SICS. Contiki developer.
• Niclas Finne, NES group at SICS. Contiki developer and co-admin of the Contiki project at SourceForge.
• Fabio Fumi. Casio PocketViewer port.
• Groepaz. NES and PCEngine ports.
• Christian Groessler. Atari 8-bit port.
• Björn Grönvall, CNA lab at SICS. Telos Sky port.
• Max Loubser, completed master's thesis, NES group at SICS. DTN for Contiki.
• Takahide Matsutsuka. Z80-based PC-6001 port.
• Chris Morse. Apple II port.
• Tony Nordström, SICS. PPP development.
• Fredrik Österlind, NES group at SICS. COOJA Contiki network simulator.
• Zhitao He, master's thesis student, NES group at SICS. Sensor network protocols.
• Oliver Schmidt. Contiki developer and co-admin of the Contiki project at SourceForge. Apple II port.
• Nicolas Tsiftes, master's thesis student, NES group at SICS. Compression of object code modules.
• Ullrich von Bassewitz. Developer of the cc65 C compiler which is used for the 6502 ports of Contiki.

Look up icon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Check [AVR] ... For the packet switched network, see Telenet. ... GUI can refer to the following: GUI is short for graphical user interface, a term used to describe a type of interface in computing. ... VIC-20 with accessories. ... Opened OZ-7000 with an expansion card installed The first Sharp Wizard electronic organizer was the OZ-7000 released in 1989, making it one of the first Personal digital assistants (PDAs). ... The Atari Jaguar is a video game console that was released in November 1993 to rival the Mega Drive/Genesis and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System as a powerful next generation platform. ... Nes is: A municipality in the county of Akershus in Norway, see Nes, Akershus. ... This article is about a corporate game company. ... DTN, or Data Transmission Network, is the brand name for several proprietary technologies for the delivery of financial market, agricultural, weather, and general news data. ... The NEC PC-6001 was the first of the NEC Corporation personal computer line. ... The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ... PPP is an abbreviation for: In real estate: prepayment penalty, a penalty paid when property is sold before an agreed-upon date. ... The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ...

Features

Screenshot of the C64 port of Contiki.

A full installation of Contiki includes the following features: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Close_up of C64 Commodore 64 (C64, CBM 64) was a popular home computer of the 1980s. ...

• Multitasking kernel
• Optional pre-emptive multitasking (on a per-application basis)
• Protothreads
• TCP/IP networking
• Windowing system and GUI
• Networked remote display using Virtual Network Computing
• A web browser (claimed to be the world's smallest)
• Personal web server
• Simple telnet client
• Screensaver

More applications planned include: Pre-emptive multitasking is a form of multitasking. ... In Computer Science, protothreads are a low-overhead mechanism for concurrent programming. ... The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet runs. ... “Computer Networks” redirects here. ... A windowing system is a graphical user interface (GUI) which uses the window as one of its primary metaphors. ... Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a desktop sharing system which uses the RFB (Remote FrameBuffer) protocol to remotely control another computer. ... An example of a web browser (Internet Explorer), displaying the English Wikipedia main page. ... The inside/front of a Dell PowerEdge web server The term Web server can mean one of two things: A computer that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients, which are known as Web browsers, and serving them HTTP responses along with optional data contents, which usually are Web... For the packet switched network, see Telenet. ... A screensaver is a computer program originally designed to conserve the image quality of computer displays by blanking the screen or filling them with moving images or patterns when the computers are not in use. ...

• an email client
• an Internet Relay Chat client

An email client (or mail user agent [MUA]) is a computer program that is used to read and send e-mail. ... Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a form of real-time Internet chat or synchronous conferencing. ...

Ports

The Contiki operating system has been or is being ported to the following systems: In computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created for a computing environment that is different from the one for which it was originally designed (e. ...

• Computers:
  • Apple II family*
  • Atari 8-bit*
  • Atari ST
  • Atari Portfolio
  • Casio Pocketview
  • Commodore PET*
  • Commodore VIC 20*
  • Commodore 64*
  • Commodore 128*
  • GP32
  • PC-6001
  • Sharp Wizard
  • x86-based Unix-like systems, on top of GTK+ as well as directly using the X Window System^[2]

* cc65 based development The 1977 Apple II, complete with integrated keyboard, color graphics, sound, a plastic case and eight expansion slots. ... An Atari 800XL, one of the most popular machines in the series. ... The Atari ST is a home/personal computer that was commercially popular from 1985 to the early 1990s. ... Atari Portfolio The Portfolio converted to a toy robot for the 2005 Vintage Computer Festival. ... The PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) was a home-/personal computer produced by Commodore starting in the late 1970s. ... VIC-20 with accessories. ... The Commodore 64 is the best-selling single personal computer model of all time. ... The Commodore 128 (C128, CBM 128, C=128) home/personal computer was Commodore Business Machiness (CBM) last commercially released 8-bit machine. ... The GP32 (GamePark 32) is a hand held console built by the Korean company Game Park. ... The NEC PC-6001 was the first of the NEC Corporation personal computer line. ... Opened OZ-7000 with an expansion card installed The first Sharp Wizard electronic organizer was the OZ-7000 released in 1989, making it one of the first Personal digital assistants (PDAs). ... x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. ... Diagram of the relationships between several Unix-like systems A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. ... GTK+, or the GIMP Toolkit, is one of the two most popular widget toolkits for the X Window System for creating graphical user interfaces. ... KDE 3. ... cc65 is a complete cross development package for 65(C)02 systems, including a powerful macro assembler, a C compiler, linker, librarian and several other tools. ...

• Video game consoles:
  • PC Engine
  • Sega Dreamcast
  • Sony PlayStation

• Handheld game consoles:
  • Nintendo Game Boy
  • Nintendo Game Boy Advance

• Microcontrollers:
  • Atmel AVR
  • TI MSP430

The PC Engine was a video game console released by NEC, a Japanese company, in 1987. ... The Dreamcast , code-named Dural, Dricas and Katana during development) is Segas fifth and final video game console and the successor to the Sega Saturn. ... The original PlayStation was produced in a light grey colour; the more recent PSOne redesign sports a smaller more rounded case. ... The original Game Boys design set the standard for handheld gaming consoles. ... The Game Boy Advance is a best-selling handheld. ... The AVR®s are a family of RISC microcontrollers from Atmel. ... The MSP430 is a microcontroller family from Texas Instruments. ...

See also

• Wheels (operating system)
• SymbOS (operating system)
• TinyOS (operating system)

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Just like the OS, only better Wheels is an operating system for the Commodore 64 which is partially based on (and generally backwards compatible with) GEOS. Wheels grants new abilities to the Commodore 64: the ability to play movies and MP3s, graphic web browsing (and limited server abilities), and true... Screen shot of the SymbOS Desktops on the Amstrad CPC Screen shot of the MSX version of SymbOS SymbOS is a free multitasking operating system for Z80 based 8-bit computer systems. ... TinyOS is an open source component-based operating system and platform targeting wireless sensor networks. ...

References

External links

• Contiki main website
• Contiki demo server - A web server running under Contiki