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Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by an inability to converge the eyes or sustain convergence. The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. ...
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Binocular vision is vision in which both eyes are used synchronously to produce a single image. ...
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In ophthalmology, convergence is the simultaneous inward movement of both eyes toward each other, usually in an effort to maintain single binocular vision when viewing an object ^ . It is a type of vergence eye movement. ...
Symptoms
The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually-demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, Aanormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others. Diplopia is the medical term for double vision. ...
Asthenopia is an ophthalmological condition that manifests itself through unspecific symptoms such as fatigue, eye strain, pain in or around the eyes, blurred vision, headache and occasional double vision. ...
A headache (medically known as cephalgia) is a condition of mild to severe pain in the head; sometimes upper back or neck pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ...
Diagnosis Diagnosis of convergence insufficiency is made by an eye care professional skilled in binocular vision dysfunctions to rule out any organic diease. Convergence insufficiency characterized by one or more of the following diagnostic findings: High exophoria at near, reduced accommodative-Convergence/Accommodation ratio, receded near-point of convergence, low fusional vergence ranges and/or facility. Binocular vision is vision in which both eyes are used synchronously to produce a single image. ...
Treatment Some cases of convergence insufficency are successfully managed by prescription of eyeglasses with therapeutic Prism (optics) and/or lenses. However, most convergence insufficiencies require orthoptics or vision therapy. Glasses, spectacles, or eyeglasses are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes, sometimes for purely aesthetic reasons but normally for vision correction or eye protection. ...
If a shaft of light entering a prism is sufficiently small such that the coloured edges meet, a spectrum results In optics, a prism is a device used to refract light, reflect it or break it up (to disperse it) into its constituent spectral colours (colours of the rainbow). ...
A lens. ...
Orthoptics, which literally means straightening of the eyes, dates back to the 1850s. ...
Vision therapy, also known as visual therapy or visual training, is a broadly-defined set of treatment programs related to the improvement of visual health and comfort. ...
Very recently, the Convergence Insufficency Treatment Trial (CITT) published two large, randomized clincal studies. The first demonstrated that in-office based vision therapy was more effective that home based treatment for convergency insufficiency in 9 to 18 year old children[1]. The second, found similar results for adults 19 to 30 years of age [2].
Prevalence A British survey found that less than 1 in 300 patient receiving optometric eye examinations had convergence insufficiency [3] and a Spanish study found that nearly 1 in 100 (0.8%) of symptomatic patients in an optometric clinic had CI [4]. In contrast, studies conducted by the Southern California College of Optometry found that approximately 1 in 8 (13%) of fifth and six grade children examined during visual screenings had the disorder [5] as did nearly 1 in 5 (17.6%) of 8 to 12 year olds receiving examinations at optometry clincs [6]. A recent Romanian study revealed that roughly 3 in 5 (60.4%) of young adult patients complaining of blurred vision at near work suffered from convergence insufficiency [7]. Categories: Medicine stubs | Ophthalmology | Medical tests ...
References - ^ Scheiman M, Mitchell GL, Cotter S, Cooper J, Kulp M, Rouse M, Borsting E, London R, Wensveen J; Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group. "A randomized clinical trial of treatments for convergence insufficiency in children." Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Jan;123(1):14-24. PMID 15642806
- ^ Scheiman M, Mitchell GL, Cotter S, Kulp MT, Cooper J, Rouse M, Borsting E, London R, Wensveen J. "A randomized clinical trial of vision therapy/orthoptics versus pencil pushups for the treatment of convergence insufficiency in young adults." Optom Vis Sci. 2005 Jul;82(7):583-95. PMID 16044063
- ^ Stidwill D. "Epidemiology of strabismus". Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1997 Nov;17(6):536-9. PMID 9666929
- ^ Lara F, Cacho P, Garcia A, "Megias R. General binocular disorders: prevalence in a clinic population." Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2001 Jan;21(1):70-4. PMID 11220042
- ^ Rouse MW, Borsting E, Hyman L, Hussein M, Cotter SA, Flynn M, Scheiman M, Gallaway M, De Land PN. "Frequency of convergence insufficiency among fifth and sixth graders. The Convergence Insufficiency and Reading Study (CIRS) group." Optom Vis Sci. 1999 Sep;76(9):643-9. PMID 10498006
- ^ Rouse MW, Hyman L, Hussein M, Solan H. "Frequency of convergence insufficiency in optometry clinic settings. Convergence Insufficiency and Reading Study (CIRS) Group." Optom Vis Sci. 1998 Feb;75(2):88-96. PMID 9503434
- ^ Dragomir M, Trus L, Chirila D, Stingu C. "[Orthoptic treatment efficiency in convergence insufficiency treatment]". Oftalmologia. 2001;53(3):66-9. PMID 11915694
See also Amblyopia, or lazy eye, is a disorder of the eyes. ...
Negative relative accommodation (NRA) is a measure of the maximum ability to relax accommodation while maintaining clear, single binocular vision [1]. See also Amplitude of accommodation Convergence insufficiency Eye examination Positive relative accommodation Category: ...
Positive relative accommodation (PRA) is a measure of the maximum ability to stimulate accommodation while maintaining clear, single binocular vision [1]. See also Amplitude of accommodation Eye examination Convergence insufficiency Negative relative accommodation Category: ...
Strabismus prevents bringing the gaze of both eyes to the same point in space Strabismus, also known as heterotropia, squint, crossed eye, wandering eye, or wall eyed, is a disorder in which the eyes do not point in the same direction. ...
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