Gross motor coordination addresses the gross motor skills: walking, running, climbing, jumping, crawling, lifting one's head, sitting up, etc. The term gross motor skills refers to the abilities usually acquired through infancy to early childhood as part of the childs motor development. ...

Fine motor coordination addresses the fine motor skills, such as the abilities to manipulate small objects using small muscle movements of the fingers, usually in coordination with vision. A notable type of fine coordination is involved in the usage of vocal cords and other organs for producing speech or singing. Fine motor skills can be defined as small muscle movements which occur in the fingers, in coordination with the eyes. ... Fingers of the human left hand A finger is a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates. ... Look up vision in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the human larynx. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Harry Belafonte singing, photograph by C. van Vechten Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, which is often contrasted with speech. ...

Elements of coordination include:

• Spatial awareness
• Timing
• Balance
• Combining several movements into a sequence (including motion learning, planning and memorizing)

Elements of nervous system involved in motor coordination

• Red nucleus is involved in motor coordination of mainly controls the muscles of the shoulder and upper arm, but it has some control over the lower arm and hand as well.
• Corticospinal tract contains a large number of motor pathways
• Hypoglossal nucleus, hypoglossal nerve control tongue

The red nucleus is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. ... The corticospinal or pyramidal tract is a massive collection of axons that travel between the cerebral cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. ... The hypoglossal nucleus extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. ... The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Types of coordination

• Sensory-motor coordination
  • Visual-motor copordination
• Left-right coordination
• Flexor-extensor alternation and balance

The movement of body structures is accomplished by the contraction of muscles. ... The leg extension is an isolation exercise. ...

Sensory-motor coordination

Integration of the sensory perception and motor output occurs in the cerebellum. The cerebellum is linked by many neural pathways with the motor cortex—which sends information to the muscles causing them to move—and the spinocerebellar tract—which provides feedback on the position of the body in space (proprioception). The cerebellum integrates these pathways, using the constant feedback on body position to fine-tune motor movements. In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. ... In vertebrates, motoneurons (also called motor neurons) are efferent neurons that originate in the spinal cord and synapse with muscle fibers to facilitate muscle contraction and with muscle spindles to modify proprioceptive sensitivity. ... The cerebellum (Latin: little brain) is a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output. ... A neural pathway is a neural tract connecting one part of the nervous system with another, usually consisting of bundles of elongated, myelin insultated neurons, known collectively as white matter. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle (from Latin musculus little mouse [1]) is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... The spinocerebellar tract is a set of axonal fibers originating in the spinal cord and terminating in the cerebellum. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Feedback loop. ... // Proprioception (PRO-pree-o-SEP-shun (IPA pronunciation: ); from Latin proprius, meaning ones own and perception) is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. ...

Left-right coordination

The term left-right coordination has two major meanings.

The first one refers to the rhythmic alternating left and right limb movement during, e.g., the locomotion in mammals or swimming of aquatic vertebrates. The basic neuronal circuits that generate this type of coordinated activity is located in the spinal cord. ^[1] In biology and physics, animal locomotion is the study of how animals move, and is part of biophysics. ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary... This article concentrates on human swimming. ... Look up aquatic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Classes and Clades See below Male and female Superb Fairy-wren Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns. ... From Texture of the Nervous System of Man and the Vertebrates by Santiago Ramón y Cajal. ... The Spinal cord nested in the vertebral column. ...

The second one one refers to various coordinated activities with left and right hands, e.g., in playing the piano, drumming, semaphore flag signalling, etc. Drumming may refer to: the act of playing the drums or other percussion instruments Drumming, a musical composition written by Steve Reich in 1971 for percussion ensemble This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

See also

• Motor learning
• Sensory integration

Motor learning is the process of improving the smoothness and accuracy of movements. ... Sensory integration is defined as the neurological process that organizes sensation from ones own body and the environment, thus making it possible to use the body effectively within the environment. ...

References

1. ^ Butt S.J., Lebret J.M., Kiehn O. "Organization of left-right coordination in the mammalian locomotor network", Brain Res. Brain. Res. Rev. 2002 Oct;40(1-3):107-17 PubMed