Copenhagen Metro
Locale	Metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark
Transit type(s)	Rapid transit
Began operation	October 19, 2002
System length	16.8 km (10 mi)
No. of lines	2
No. of stations	22
Daily ridership	115,000
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in)
Operator	Serco Metro Service A/S

The Copenhagen Metro, known simply as the Metro, is a rail rapid transit system serving Copenhagen and Frederiksberg, Denmark. The system opened in 2002 and currently has two lines with 22 stations, following the 2007 opening of an extension to Copenhagen Airport. Image File history File links Metro_Copenhagen. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... Bangkok Skytrain. ... “Mass Transit” redirects here. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... “km” redirects here. ... “Miles” redirects here. ... The dominant rail gauge in each country shown Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Serco Group plc is a business services company based in the London suburb of Richmond upon Thames. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... “Mass Transit” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... Frederiksberg is a municipality of Denmark. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Copenhagen Airport (Danish: ) (IATA: CPH, ICAO: EKCH) is the major airport serving Copenhagen, Denmark, though also serving Malmö, Sweden. ...

The technology used by the Metro has inspired some other European cities to build or expand metro networks using the same system. These include Brescia, Rome, and Milan in Italy and Thessaloniki in Greece which all have signed contracts with Ansaldobreda, the supplier of the Metro trains and train systems.^[1] For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... The Capitoline Temple. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... Thessaloniki or Salonica (Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη) is Greeces second-largest city. ... Logo for Breda Costruzioni Ferroviarie as seen on car #4063 on the Washington Metro. ...

The system is owned by Ørestadsselskabet (Ørestad Development Corporation) and operated by Metro Service A/S, which in turn is owned by the Serco Group. Serco Group plc is a business services company based in the London suburb of Richmond upon Thames. ...

History

Metro train arriving at Vanløse station.

The Metro was built largely as a result of a 1992 report on the future of transport in Copenhagen. Large areas of Amager, located to the south of central Copenhagen, were still unused or in agricultural use. The city decided to develop them as part of the Ørestad Project in conjunction with the construction of the Øresund Bridge. Since the areas were not served by the S-Train network, it was decided that an efficient transport grid should be built in advance of or in conjunction with new construction to avoid the disorganisation that often hampers cities that develop organically. The three main proposals for the grid were a tram system, a light-rail system, and a driver-less metro. The metro was chosen because it was thought to have the highest capacity, speed, and security while not hampering the city environment. This was the most expensive solution, however, which was one of the reasons that the original budget was exceeded. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 299 KB) Taken May 20, 2006 at Vanløse station, Copenhagen, Denmark by the author. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 299 KB) Taken May 20, 2006 at Vanløse station, Copenhagen, Denmark by the author. ... Vanløse station is an S-train and Metro station in the Vanløse district of Copenhagen, Denmark. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Amager is a Danish island in the Øresund. ... Ørestad station for regional trains and the Metro (2001). ... The Oresund Bridge The Oresund Bridge (joint Danish/Swedish hybrid name: Øresundsbron) is a combined two-track rail and four-lane road bridge across the Oresund strait. ... The S-Train (S-tog) network is the commuter train network of Metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark. ... This article refers to public transport vehicles running on rails. ... This article is about light rail systems in general. ...

The final plans (in 1996) for the initial construction of the Metro consisted of two lines that would follow the same stretch from the Vanløse district through the centre of the city and out on Amager, where they would split into a western line (M1) going to Vestamager and an eastern line (M2) going to Copenhagen Airport. The plan was split into three phases. Phase 1 was the stretch from Nørreport to Lergravsparken and Vestamager. Construction of the phase began in 1997 and was opened by Queen Margrethe II on October 19, 2002. Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Vanløse is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and tax city districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. ... Amager is a Danish island in the Øresund. ... Vestamager is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and tax city districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. ... Copenhagen Airport (Danish: ) (IATA: CPH, ICAO: EKCH) is the major airport serving Copenhagen, Denmark, though also serving Malmö, Sweden. ... S-Train on Nørreport station platform Entrance to the Metro platforms at Nørreport station Nørreport station (lit. ... Lergravsparken station is a deep-level station on the Copenhagen Metro located near the park with the same name. ... Vestamager station Vestamager station is a station on the Copenhagen Metro, Denmark. ... Margrethe II (Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid) (born 16 April 1940) is the Queen regnant of Denmark. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

The second phase was split into two projects. Project 2a covers the distance from Nørreport west to Frederiksberg, and it was completed on May 29, 2003. The second project, 2b, opened the same year on October 12 and extended the Metro from Frederiksberg further west to Vanløse. The stretch is exactly where the S-Train F service ran from Vanløse to Frederiksberg. Upon completion of phase 2, Flintholm station was still under construction. The Metro started servicing the station once it was completed on January 24, 2004. Frederiksberg station is a station opened in 2003 on the Copenhagen Metro in Frederiksberg, Denmark. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Vanløse station is an S-train and Metro station in the Vanløse district of Copenhagen, Denmark. ... F and F+ are the service designations for trains on the ring line of Copenhagens S-train network. ... Flintholm is an important S-train and Metro interchange station in Copenhagen, Denmark. ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Crossing from elevated railway to tunnel near Islands Brygge

The last stretch of the M2 from Lergravsparken to Copenhagen Kastrup Airport was named Phase 3. The stretch is 4.5 km long with five stations, and will run where Amagerbanen did until it was closed in the 1960s. Plans for the extension were met with protests from the local population, who feared that it would split Amager into an eastern and western part. They formed a group called Amager Metro Gruppen (the Amager Metro Group), which tried unsuccessfully to block construction by means of the legal system. In response to these objections, the plans were revised to construct the stretch on ground level with more underpasses and pedestrian bridges than originally intended.^[2] The stretch opened on 28 September 2007, and a trip from the city centre to Lufthavnen takes 14 minutes. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Copenhagen Airport (Danish: ) (IATA: CPH, ICAO: EKCH) is the major airport serving Copenhagen, Denmark, though also serving Malmö, Sweden. ... A Danish railroad line located on amager, inaugurated on 10. ... An underground pedestrian tunnel between buildings at MIT. Note the utility pipes running along the ceiling. ... A Pedestrian separation structure is any structure that removes pedestrians from a vehicle pathway. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... Lufthavnen station is a future station on the Copenhagen Metro located on east Amager. ...

The cost-benefit ratio of the Metro was debated years after service had commenced. Paying off the debt of the Metro has, however, begun three years ahead of schedule, and it will be paid off nine years earlier than expected. [2] That may, however, be affected by the eventual outcome of an ongoing (as of 2006) major arbitration between the Metro Civil Works contractor (COMET) and Ørestadsselskabet. A number of technical problems, especially with the automated doors, caused delays during the first years of the Metro, with between 85% and 95% of the trains being on schedule. Most of these problems have now been resolved, and the average reliability is usually between 98% and 99%, as of 2006. Overall, the Metro, carrying about 120,000 passengers a day, has been well-incorporated into the existing public transport grid that consists of S-Trains and buses. Bangkok Skytrain. ... “Autobus” redirects here. ...

The network

Lines

The Metro comprises two lines that follow the same stretch in the city centre and then split into western and eastern branches on Amager. The two lines have a total of 22 stations and a total length of 21.3 km. Image File history File links KøbenhavnMetroKort. ...

The Metro runs underground as well as overground on standard-gauge tracks, and it operates at 750 V DC provided by a third rail. Most of the tracks on Amager and some of the tracks towards Vanløse are run overground, but the Metro runs underground in the city centre. The tunnels have been built using three different methods: boring using tunnel boring machines (TBM), cut-and-cover, and the New Austrian Tunnelling method (NATM). There are extraction points every 300 metres in the tunnels, and GSM signal repeaters are installed, allowing the use of mobile phones. The tracks are elevated from ground level on western Amager (50% on elevated concrete viaducts, 50% on reinforced earth embankments), and the stretch from Fasanvej to Vanløse is also on an embankment. As railways developed and expanded one of the key issues to be decided was that of the rail gauge (the distance between the two rails of the track) which should be used. ... Rail tracks. ... This a list of the voltages, etc. ... Third rail at the West Falls Church Metro stop in Washington, D.C., electrified to 750 volts. ... Boring, in this sense, is the process of drilling a hole into the solid Earth. ... A tunnel boring machine that was used at Yucca Mountain. ... A disused railway tunnel now converted to pedestrian and bicycle use, near Houyet, Belgium A tunnel is an underground passage. ... The New Austrian Tunneling method (NATM) was developed between 1957 and 1965 in Austria. ... Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... A repeater is an electronic device that receives a weak or low-level signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. ... Fasanvej station is a station on the Copenhagen Metro in Frederiksberg, Denmark. ...

Phases 1 and 2a (Forum to Vestamager and to Lergravsparken, including all the bored tunnels and deep stations) of the metro civil works were delivered as a turnkey design-build project by COMET, a one-off consortium of Danish, British, French, Austrian, and Italian specialist contractors. The contract for transport systems was awarded to Ansaldo.^[3] The M1 Line is a line of the Copenhagen Metro, coloured green on the map. ... The M2 Line is a line of the Copenhagen Metro, coloured yellow on the map. ...

Whenever normal service is disrupted, Metro buses running between the normal stations at half the usual time interval are inserted.

Stations

The 5-metre-tall information column at Kongens Nytorv station.

There are 22 stations on the existing Metro network. Nine of these are underground; of these, six are deep level while three are just below the ground. They all have a timeless and similar design by KHRAS Architects, and can be recognised by a five-metre-tall information column in front of the stations. All the stations are 60 metres long and 20 metres wide, with the exception of Nørreport station which is 80 metres long to allow a link to the previously-existing S-Train platforms. All stations have multiple call points that allow passengers to call the Control and Maintenance Centre (CMC) for information or in the case of an emergency. Since there is no gap between the station platforms and the trains, wheelchair users can use the Metro without help from other people. Image File history File linksMetadata Copenhagen_Metro_Kongens_Nytorv. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Copenhagen_Metro_Kongens_Nytorv. ... Kongens Nytorv station is a station in zone 1 on the Copenhagen Metro, Copenhagen, Denmark. ... Exterior open entrance to a metro station (Tribunal station in Madrid) A metro station is a railway station for a rapid transit system, often known by names such as metro and subway. It is often underground or elevated. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Elevated station on Amager.

Deep-level station design.

The deep-level stations are situated 20 metres below ground. All of them have escalators and a lift. The underground stations have platform screen doors to prevent people from walking on the tracks and entering the tunnels, as well as insulating the stations from the tunnels. There are glass pyramids on the roof of the stations permitting daylight to enter. Inside the pyramids, there are prisms refracting and splitting the light, sometimes resulting in rainbows on the walls. The light on the stations is automatically regulated to make best use of the daylight and maintain a constant level of illumination of the stations at all times. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (540x720, 91 KB) Kopenhagen Metro, metro station Ørestad, 2001 by Hansjorn File links The following pages link to this file: Copenhagen Metro ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (540x720, 91 KB) Kopenhagen Metro, metro station Ørestad, 2001 by Hansjorn File links The following pages link to this file: Copenhagen Metro ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1536 × 2048 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1536 × 2048 pixel, file size: 1. ... Escalators at Canary Wharf, London. ... For other uses, see Elevator (disambiguation). ... Platform Screen Doors full-height, Paris - Line 14 - St. ... If a shaft of light entering a prism is sufficiently narrow, a spectrum results. ... For other uses, see Rainbow (disambiguation). ...

Platform screen doors

The overground stations are built of glass, steel, and concrete, giving them a slightly futuristic look. They do not have screen doors, but sensitive, automatic security measures instantly stop the trains if obstacles are detected on the tracks. Once stopped, the trains must be restarted manually. The overground stations are elevated from ground level on western Amager. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 335 KB)[edit] Summary Taken by M. Wickett, Denmark [edit] Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 335 KB)[edit] Summary Taken by M. Wickett, Denmark [edit] Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ...

Tickets

The Metro uses the same zone and ticketing systems as the other public transport networks in Copenhagen. At all stations, there are ticket machines that accept Danish coins and various credit and debit cards. This article is about monetary coins. ... Look up credit card in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up debit card in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

A new fare system, currently being developed, called Rejsekort, is expected to replace the current system in 2008. Rejsekort (Official translation: TRAVEL CARD) is a future, electronic ticket system for public transport in Denmark. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Trains

Metro train on approach to Flintholm station.

The Metro trains were built by Ansaldobreda and designed by Giugiaro Design. The trains are driver-less, run entirely by a computer system called ATC (Automatic Train Control). There are often Metro stewards on the trains, however, whose job is to provide the passengers with information and to check tickets, as well as to handle any emergencies. If no steward is present in the train, passengers can call the CMC using the call points in the trains. As of 2006, there are 26 trains in commission. Following the completion of phase 3, a total of 34 trains will be in commission. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 326 KB) Copenhagen Metro train on approach to Flintholm station, Copenhagen, Denmark Taken by M. Wickett I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 326 KB) Copenhagen Metro train on approach to Flintholm station, Copenhagen, Denmark Taken by M. Wickett I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Flintholm is an important S-train and Metro interchange station in Copenhagen, Denmark. ... Logo for Breda Costruzioni Ferroviarie as seen on car #4063 on the Washington Metro. ...

The interior of a Metro train.

The trains are 39 metres long, 2.65 metres wide, and weigh 52 tonnes. Their top speed is 80 km/h, while the average service speed is 40 km/h with an acceleration and deceleration capacity of 1.3 m/s². Each train consists of three articulated cars with a total of six automated doors, holding up to 96 seated and 204 standing passengers. There are four large ‘flex areas’ in each train with folding seats providing space for wheelchairs, strollers, and bicycles. Since the trains are comparatively small, they are meant to transport people quickly over short distances with very short time intervals (two minutes during rush hours in the city centre). Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 117 KB) en: Description: Interior of a metro train in Copenhagen Author: User:Ghent arranged by User:Jcornelius Date: unknown first upload on Commons under the name Image:Interior of Metro train. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 117 KB) en: Description: Interior of a metro train in Copenhagen Author: User:Ghent arranged by User:Jcornelius Date: unknown first upload on Commons under the name Image:Interior of Metro train. ... A tonne or metric ton (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms. ... For transportation of a baby or toddler there are special vehicles, special car seats, and devices for carrying. ... For other uses, see Bicycle (disambiguation). ...

The trains are maintained at the CMC in Vestamager. A train can automatically go to the centre, be washed on the outside by a machine, and return to service. If special maintenance is required, the train can be taken out of service and manually controlled into the siding. A siding, in general rail terminology, refers to a section of rail used to store stationary rolling stock perhaps whilst it is loaded or unloaded, or alternatively, a short length of rail that provides access to and from factories, mines, quarries, wharves, etc. ...

The automated train system

The entire Metro system is run by a fully-automated computer system called ATC. By letting a computer run the system, human errors are eliminated, and a low time interval between the trains can be maintained because of precise acceleration and braking. The system is monitored at all times by five operators at the CMC. In the event of a failure of the ATC system, the trains can either be controlled remotely from the CMC by the operators or by Metro stewards on board the trains.

The Copenhagen Metro's ATC System is developed, maintained, and will continue to be upgraded by Union Switch & Signal, based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. George Westinghouse founded Union Switch & Signal in 1881, consolidating the assets of companies that had pioneered closed track circuits and interlockings. ... “Pittsburgh” redirects here. ...

The control room at the CMC in Vestamager.

The ATC system is divided into three sub-systems: Image File history File linksMetadata Kopenhage_Metro_Control. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kopenhage_Metro_Control. ...

ATP 

The ATP system (Automatic Train Protection) is designed to protect passengers, personnel, and equipment. It ensures that junctions are set correctly, and that trains adhere to speed limits to avoid delays and derailment. Since the lines are divided into sections, the system also makes sure that only one train is in one section at all times, and that trains do not enter blocked sections with maintenance or objects on the tracks, for instance.

ATO 

The ATO system (Automatic Train Operation) is the substitute for the train driver. The system makes sure that the trains stop at the correct stations, open the doors, wait for passengers to board and leave the train, and start the train again. The system cannot change vital functions like the position of a junction.

ATS 

The ATS system (Automatic Train Supervisory) controls the routes and destinations of the trains. The system can run the network under different scenarios: normal service, single-track service, or when a stretch is under maintenance, for instance. It maintains an overview over the entire Metro network with information about junctions, all trains, and other equipment for the operators at all times. The system also gives a list of alarms, errors, and other events for all equipment on the lines no matter if they are controlled by the ATC or manually.

Categories: Stub ... The only derailment of a Shinkansen in normal operations occurred as a result of the 2004 Chūetsu earthquake; no injuries were reported from this accident. ...

Future

Main article: City Circle Line

Diagram of the Copenhagen Metro including the proposed lines M3 and M4. Station names shown in brackets are provisional and likely to change before M3/M4 is completed.

On December 2, 2005, Copenhagen and Frederiksberg municipalities agreed on expanding the Metro network with the City Circle Line (Cityringen) to connect areas of the city centre which are not well-served by the current metro and S-Trains. Plans for the Cityringen were approved by the Danish Parliament on 1 June 2007.^[4] This new line will include a total of 17 stations, twelve of which will be new constructions and an additional three will be conversions of existing railway stations to dual railway/metro use.^[5] Construction of this line will increase the number of metro stations to 37. The City Circle Line (Danish: ) is a future expansion of the Copenhagen Metro. ... Image File history File links KøbenhavnMetroKort+Cityringen. ... Image File history File links KøbenhavnMetroKort+Cityringen. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The City Circle Line (Danish: ) is a future expansion of the Copenhagen Metro. ... The Folketing [], or Folketinget, is the national parliament of Denmark. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...

The Ørestad Development Corporation predicts that the lines M3 and M4 will carry about 275,000 passengers per day. About 25% of these would be people who do not currently use public transport, meaning that rush-hour traffic congestion should become much less severe in central Copenhagen. The new line will use the same station design and train types as the two existing Metro lines, but, unlike the M1 and M2 lines, will run entirely underground. Construction costs are expected to be around €2 billion, and it is scheduled to finish in 2017. Bangkok Skytrain. ... For other uses, see Rush hour (disambiguation). ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...

Future plans to extend the M4 to the suburbs of Brønshøj and Gladsaxe, and to the industrial areas of Nordhavn and Sydhavn on the ends of the harbour are being considered. Brønshøj-Husum is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and tax city districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. ... Gladsaxe is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Copenhagen County on the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in eastern Denmark. ...

References

Railway Gazette International is a monthly business journal covering the railway, metro, light rail and tram industries worldwide. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...

See also

• Greater Copenhagen Authority (HUR)
• List of Copenhagen metro stations
• Transport in Denmark

The Greater Copenhagen Authority (HUR, Hovedstadens Udviklingsråd (da: The Capitals Development Council)) is a politically-governed organisation deciding regional development plans for the Metropolitan Copenhagen area, Denmark. ... This is a list of open and proposed metro stations of the Copenhagen metro. ... // Railways total: 2,859 km (508 km privately owned and operated) standard gauge: 2,859 km 1. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Copenhagen Metro

• Official site (English)
• Article presenting a geographical map for Metro and S-tog (English)