Copper(I) Oxide or Cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) is an oxide of copper. It occurs naturally as the red mineral cuprite. It has a melting point of 1230 °C. Cu₂O is insoluble in water and organic solvents. Copper(I) oxide dissolves in concentrated ammonia solutions, hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, and nitric acid to produce copper metal, copper(II) sulfate, or copper(II) nitrate respectively. An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance copper, metallic Atomic mass 63. ... This article is about minerals in the geologic sense; for nutrient minerals see dietary mineral; for the band see Mineral (band). ... Cuprite Cuprite is a mineral composed of copper(I) oxide Cu2O, and is an important ore of copper. ... A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in the fluid. ... A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in the fluid. ... Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), otherwise known as aqua fortis, is a colorless, corrosive liquid, a toxic acid which can cause severe burns. ... Copper(II) sulfate or copper(II) sulphate (CuSO4) is the most common copper salt, made by the action of sulfuric acid on the base copper(II) oxide. ... A sample of copper(II) nitrate trihydrate Molecular formula: Cu(NO3)2 Copper(II) nitrate, commonly referred to as copper nitrate, is a blue, crystalline solid at STP. The roman numeral sign is to specify the ionic makeup of the copper, in this case a +2 charge. ...

Copper(I) oxide is formed naturally if copper is exposed to oxygen. Copper(I) oxide is found as a mineral in some red colored rocks. The process of transforming copper into this material takes extensive periods of time. Artificial formation is usually accomplished with a supply of heat to the oxygen exposed copper or for the copper to be exposed to extremely high concentrations of oxygen. With further heating the copper(I) oxide will form copper(II) oxide. General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance copper, metallic Atomic mass 63. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... Copper(II) oxide Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide (CuO) is the higher oxide of copper. ...

Copper(I) oxide

Formation of copper(I) oxide is the basis of the sensitive Fehling's test for sugars. In the presence of a reducing sugar, a alkaline solution of a copper(II) salt in potassium sodium tartrate (known as Fehling's solution) will be reduced and give a precipitate of Cu₂O. Sample of copper(I) oxide File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Sample of copper(I) oxide File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Fehlings solution is a solution used to detect aldehyde functional groups. ...

In copper(I) oxide, the oxidation state of the copper atom is +1, and the oxygen atom is -2. The oxidation state or oxidation number is defined as the sum of negative and positive charges in an atom, which indirectly indicates the number of electrons it has accepted or donated. ...

Some attention to this substance is drawn by semiconductor physics. It has been the first substance to demonstrate semiconductivity and diodes have been built from it long before silicon became the industrial standard. A semiconductor is a material that is an insulator at very low temperature, but which has a sizable electrical conductivity at room temperature. ... Types of diodes A diode can be thought of as the electronic version of a one-way valve. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silicon, Si, 14 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 3, p Appearance dark gray, bluish tinge Atomic mass 28. ...

It shows four well understood series of excitons with resonance widths in the range of neV. The associated polaritons are also well understood and their group velocity effects have almost been measured down to the speed of sound, i.e. light may be almost slowed down to the speed of sound in this medium. This yields to high densities of polaritons and effects like Bose-Einstein Condensation, dynamical Stark effect or phonoritons have been demonstrated. An exciton is a bound state of an electron and a hole in an insulator (or semiconductor), or in other words, a Coulomb correlated electron/hole pair. ... In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to absorb more oscillatory energy when the frequency of the oscillations matches the systems natural frequency of vibration (its resonant frequency) than it does at other frequencies. ... An electronvolt (symbol: eV) is the amount of energy gained by a single unbound electron when it falls through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. ... Polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with an electric dipole-carrying excitation. ... The group velocity of a wave is the velocity with which the overall shape of the waves amplitude (known as the envelope of the wave) propagates through space. ... A schematic representation of hearing. ... Prism splitting light Light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye or, in a technical or scientific setting, electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... A Bose-Einstein condensate is a gaseous superfluid phase formed by atoms cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero. ... The Stark effect is the splitting of a spectral line into several components in the presence of an electric field. ...

Another extraordinary feature of the ground state excitons is that all primary scattering mechanisms are known and may be quantified. This yielded Cu₂O as the first substance where an entirely parameter-free model of absorption linewidth broadening by temperature could be established. Also, Beer's law and the corresponding absorption coefficient could be deduced. Finally, it could be shown that the Kramers Kronig Relations do not apply to polaritons. In physics, the ground state of a quantum mechanical system is its lowest-energy state. ... Absorption has a number of meanings: In physics, absorption is a process in which particles of some sort encounter another material and are taken up by or even disappear in it. ... The Q factor or quality factor is a measure of the quality of a resonant system. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... In optics, the Beer-Lambert law, also known as Beers law or the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law is an empirical relationship in relating the absorption of light to the properties of the material the light is travelling through. ... The extinction coefficient for a particular substance is a way of measuring how well electromagnetic radiation is absorbed at a particular wavelength. ...

See also

• copper(II) oxide

Copper(II) oxide Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide (CuO) is the higher oxide of copper. ...

References

• P.W. Baumeister: Optical Absorption of Cuprous Oxide, Phys.Rev. 121 (1961), 359.
• L. Brillouin: Wave Propagation and Group Velocity, Academic Press, New York, 1960.
• D. Fröhlich, A. Kulik, B. Uebbing, and A. Mysyrovicz: Coherent Propagation and Quantum Beats of Quadrupole Polaritons in Cu₂O, Phys.Rev.Lett. 67 (1991), 2343.
• L. Hanke: Transformation von Licht in Wärme in Kristallen - Lineare Absorption in Cu₂O, ISBN 3-8265-7269-6, Shaker, Aachen, 2000; (Transformation of light into heat in crystals - Linear absorption in Cu₂O).
• L. Hanke, D. Fröhlich, A.L. Ivanov, P.B. Littlewood, and H. Stolz: LA-Phonoritons in Cu₂O, Phys.Rev.Lett. 83 (1999), 4365.
• L. Hanke, D. Fröhlich, and H. Stolz: Direct observation of longitudinal acoustic phonon absorption to the 1S-exciton in Cu₂O, Sol.Stat.Comm. 112 (1999), 455.
• J.J. Hopfield, Theory of the Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals, Phys.Rev. 112 (1958), 1555.
• J.P. Wolfe and A. Mysyrowicz: Excitonic Matter, Sci.Am. 250 (1984), No. 3, 98.
• Chemistry of the Elements, NN Greenwood & A Earnshaw, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984.
• The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, 1960.