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Encyclopedia > Copper alloys

Copper alloys are alloys with Copper as their principial component. They have high resistance to corrosion. An alloy is a combination, either in solution or compound, of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, and where the resultant material has metallic properties. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... For the hazard, see corrosive. ...


Due to its high electric conductivity, pure electrolytic copper is used mostly for making of electrical cables. Power cable (a type of electrical cable) is an assembly of two or more electrical conductors held together with, and typically covered with, an overall sheath. ...

Contents

Compositions

The similarity in external appearance of the various alloys, along with the different combinations of elements used when making each alloy, can lead to confusion when categorizing the different compositions. There are as many as 400 different Copper and Copper-alloy compositions loosely grouped into the categories: Copper, high Copper alloy, Brasses, Bronzes, Copper nickels, Copper–Nickel–zinc (nickel silver), leaded Copper, and special alloys. The following table lists the principal alloying element for four of the more common types, along with the name for each type.

Classification of Copper and Its Alloys[1]
Family Principal alloying element UNS numbers
Copper alloys, Brass Zinc (Zn) C1xxxx–C4xxxx,C66400–C69800
Phosphor bronzes Tin (Sn) C5xxxx
Aluminium bronzes Aluminium (Al) C60600–C64200
Silicon bronzes Silicon (Si) C64700–C66100
Copper nickel, Nickel silvers Nickel (Ni) C7xxxx

Some common Copper alloys[1]

Name Nominal composition[2] Form and condition Yield strength[3] Tensile strength[4] Elongation[5] Hardness[6] Comments
Copper (ASTM B1, B2, B3, B152, B124, R133) Cu 99.9 Annealed 10 32 45 42 Electrical equipment, roofing, screens
"
"
 Cold-drawn 40 45 15 90
"
"
"
 Cold-rolled 40 46 5 100
"
Gilding metal (ASTM B36) Cu 95.0, Zn 5.0 Cold-rolled 50 56 5 114 Coins, ammunition casings
Cartridge brass (ASTM B14, B19, B36, B134, B135) Cu 70.0, Zn 30.0 Cold-rolled 63 76 8 155 Good for cold-working; radiators, hardware, electrical
Phosphor bronze (ASTM B103, B139, B159) Cu 70.0, Sn 10.0, P 0.25 Spring temper — 122 4 241 High fatigue-strength and spring qualities
Yellow or High brass (ASTM B36, B134, B135) Cu 65.0, Zn 35.0 Annealed 18 48 60 55 Good corrosion resistance
"
"
 Cold-drawn 55 70 15 115
"
"
"
 Cold-rolled (HT) 60 74 10 180
"
Manganese bronze (ASTM 138) Cu 58.5, Zn 39.2, Fe 1.0, Sn 1.0, Mn 0.3 Annealed 30 60 30 95 Forgings
"
"
 Cold-drawn 50 80 20 180
"
Naval brass (ASTM B21) Cu 60.0, Zn 39.25, Sn 0.75 Annealed 22 56 40 90 Resistance to salt corrosion
"
"
 Cold-drawn 40 65 35 150
"
Muntz metal (ASTM B111) Cu 60.0, Zn 40.0 Annealed 20 54 45 80 Condensor tubes
Aluminium bronze (ASTM B169 alloy A, B124, B150) Cu 92.0, Al 8.0 Annealed 25 70 60 80 —
"
"
 Hard 65 105 7 210
"
Beryllium copper (ASTM B194, B196, B197) Cu 97.75, Be 2.0, Co or Ni 0.25 Annealed, solution-treated 32 70 45 B60 (Rockwell) Electrical, valves, pumps
"
"
 Cold-rolled 104 110 5 B81 (Rockwell)
"
Free-cutting brass Cu 62.0, Zn 35.5, Pb 2.5 Cold-drawn 44 70 18 B80 (Rockwell) Screws, nuts, gears, keys
Nickel silver (ASTM B112) Cu 65.0, Zn 17.0, Ni 18.0 Annealed 25 58 40 70 Hardware
"
"
 Cold-rolled 70 85 4 170
"
Nickel silver (ASTM B149) Cu 76.5, Ni 12.5, Pb 9.0, Sn 2.0 Cast 18 35 15 55 Easy to machine; ornaments, plumbing
Cupronickel (ASTM B111, B171) Cu 88.35, Ni 10.0, Fe 1.25, Mn 0.4 Annealed 22 44 45 – Condensor, salt-water pipes
"
"
 Cold-drawn tube 57 60 15 –
"
Cupronickel Cu 70.0, Ni 30.0 Wrought – – – – Heat-exchange equipment, valves
Red brass (ASTM B30 4A) Cu 85.0, Zn 5.0, Pb 5.0, Sn 5.0 Cast 17 35 25 60 —
  1. ^ Lyons, William C. and Plisga, Gary J. (eds.) Standard Handbook of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering, Elsevier, 2006
  2. ^ percent
  3. ^ 0.2% offset, 1000 lb /in²
  4. ^ 1000 lb /in²
  5. ^ in 2 inches, percent
  6. ^ Brinell scale

ASTM International (ASTM) is an international standards developing organization that develops and publishes voluntary technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services. ... Gilding metal is a copper alloy, with the composition of 95% copper and 5% zinc. ... Brazen redirects here. ... Phosphor bronze is an alloy of copper with 3. ... Muntz metal is a form of alpha-beta brass with about 40% zinc and 60% copper. ... Aluminium bronze is a type of bronze in which aluminium is the main alloying metal added to copper. ... Beryllium copper, also known as copper beryllium or beryllium bronze, is a metal alloy that contains copper with 0. ... The Rockwell scale characterizes the indentation hardness of materials through the depth of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material sample and compared to the penetration in some reference material. ... For other uses of Alpaca, see Alpaca (disambiguation). ... Cupronickel is an alloy of copper, nickel and strengthening impurities, such as iron and manganese. ... For other uses, see Gunmetal (disambiguation). ... The Brinell scale characterises the indentation hardness of materials through the scale of penetration of an indenter, loaded on a material test-piece. ...

Brasses

Main article: brass

A brass is an alloy of copper with zinc. Brasses are usually yellow in color. The zinc content can vary between few % to about 40%; as long as it is kept under 15%, it does not markedly decrease corrosion resistance of copper. “Brazen” redirects here. ... “Brazen” redirects here. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ...


Brasses can be sensitive to selective leaching corrosion under certain conditions, when zinc is leached from the alloy (dezincification), leaving behind a spongy copper structure. Selective leaching, also called dealloying, demetalification and parting, is a corrosion type in some solid solution alloys, when in suitable conditions a component of the alloys is preferentially leached from the material. ...


Bronzes

Main article: bronze

A bronze is an alloy of copper and other metals, most often tin, but also aluminium and silicon. This article is about the metal alloy. ... This article is about the metal alloy. ... This article is about the metallic chemical element. ... Aluminum redirects here. ... Not to be confused with Silicone. ...

  • Aluminium bronzes are alloys of copper and aluminium. The content of aluminium ranges mostly between 5-11%. Iron, nickel, manganese and silicon are sometimes added. They have higher strength and corrosion resistance than other bronzes, especially in marine environment, and have low reactivity to sulfur compounds. Aluminium forms a thin passivation layer on the surface of the metal.

Aluminium bronze is a type of bronze in which aluminium is the main alloying metal added to copper. ... Passivation is the process of making a material passive in relation to another material prior to using the materials together. ... Phosphor bronze is an alloy of copper with 3. ... For other uses, see Nickel (disambiguation). ... For other uses of Alpaca, see Alpaca (disambiguation). ... Cupronickel is an alloy of copper, nickel and strengthening impurities, such as iron and manganese. ...

Precious metal alloys

Copper is often alloyed with precious metals like silver and gold, to create, for example, Corinthian bronze, hepatizon, tumbaga and shakudo. For the CSI episode of the same name, see Precious Metal (CSI episode). ... This article is about the chemical element. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Corinthian bronze, also called Corinthian brass or æs Corinthiacum, was a highly valuable metal alloy in classical antiquity. ... Hepatizon (from , the Greek for liver), also known as black Corinthian bronze, was a highly valuable metal alloy in classical antiquity. ... Tumbaga two-headed figurine from Colombia, circa 600-1600 a. ... Shakudo (赤銅) is an alloy of gold and copper (typically 4% Gold, 96% Copper), mostly designed for its beautiful dark blue-purple patina. ...


See also

Copper clad steel, also known as copper covered steel or by its acronym CCS, is a bimetallic product, mainly used in the wire industry that combines the high mechanical resistance of steel with the conductivity and resistance to corrosion of copper. ...

External Links

  • National Pollutant Inventory - Copper and compounds fact sheet

References

^  Machinery's Handbook, Industrial Press Inc, New York, ISBN 0-8311-2492-X, Edition 24, page 501

 

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