Coprolites are fossilized feces, or animal dung. They form an important class of objects studied in the field of paleontology. Rabbit feces are usually 0. ... A paleontologist carefully chips rock from a column of dinosaur vertebrae. ...

The name is derived from the Greek words kopros meaning "dung" and lithos meaning "stone".

Coprolites are also trace fossils and vary in size from the small fecal pellets of a sea-snail to the large droppings of crocodiles, dinosaurs, or mammals. Typical sizes vary from less than 5 mm (0.2") to 5 cm (2"), although they may exceed 30 cm (12") in length. There is a large variety of shapes: cigar-shaped, lens-shaped, kidney-shaped, cone-shaped, round, oval, cylindrical, or spiral-shaped, depending upon the type of animal which produced them, although as with other trace fossils, the specific animal is usually not known. Analysis of human coprolites by archaeologists can provide information on the diet and health of a study subject. A fossilized dinosaur footprint at Clayton Lake State Park, New Mexico. ... Subclades Ornithischia Saurischia   ?Eoraptor   ?Herrerasauridae   Eusaurischia     Sauropodomorpha     Theropoda Dinosaurs are animals that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 100 million years. ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ...

The recognition of coprolites is aided by their structural patterns, such as spiral or annular markings, their content, such as undigested food fragments, and also by associated fossil remains. The smallest coprolites are often difficult to distinguish from inorganic pellets or from eggs. Most coprolites are composed chiefly of calcium phosphate, along with minor quantities of organic matter. By analyzing coprolites sometimes the diet of the animal which produced them may be determined.

Coprolites have been recorded in deposits ranging in age from the Ordovician period to recent times and are found worldwide. Some of them are useful as index fossils, such as 'Favreina' from the Jurassic period of Haute-Savoie in France. The Ordovician period is the second of the six (seven in North America) periods of the Paleozoic era. ... Index fossils (or zone fossils) are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods (or faunal stages). ... The Jurassic period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 200 Ma (million years ago) at the end of the Triassic to 146 Ma at the beginning of the Cretaceous. ...

Some marine deposits contain a high proportion of fecal remains, however, animal excrement is easily fragmented and destroyed and so usually has little chance of becoming fossilized.

See also

• Fossil
• Fossils and the geological timescale