Categories: Cardiology | Pulmonology | Cardiovascular system stubs For transport in plants, see Vascular tissue. ... A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide Pathologist redirects here. ... For other forms of hypertension, see Hypertension (disambiguation). ... In kidney, as a result of benign arterial hypertension, hyaline (pink, amorphous, homogeneous material) accumulates in the wall of small arteries and arterioles, producing the thickening of their walls and the narrowing of the lumens - hyaline arteriolosclerosis. ... While most forms of hypertension have no known underlying cause (and are thus known as essential hypertension or primary hypertension), in about 10% of the cases, there is a known cause, and thus the hypertension is secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension). ... Renovascular hypertension (or renal hypertension) is a form of secondary hypertension. ... Ischaemic (or ischemic) heart disease is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart. ... Prinzmetals angina, also known as variant angina or angina inversa, is a syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) at rest that occurs in cycles. ... Heart attack redirects here. ... Dresslers syndrome is a form of pericarditis that occurs in the setting of injury to the heart or the pericardium (the outer lining of the heart). ... Pulmonary circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. ... The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels. ... Pericarditis is inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart, the pericardium. ... Pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity. ... Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade, is a medical emergency condition where liquid accumulates in the pericardium in a relatively short time. ... In the heart, the endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. ... Grays Fig. ... Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. ... The mitral valve (also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve), is a dual flap (bi = 2) valve in the heart that lies between the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV). ... Mitral regurgitation (MR), also known as mitral insufficiency, is the abnormal leaking of blood through the mitral valve, from the left ventricle into the left atrium of the heart. ... Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heart valve condition marked by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole. ... Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart. ... The aortic valve is one of the valves of the heart. ... Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a heart condition caused by the incomplete opening of the aortic valve. ... Aortic insufficiency (AI), also known as aortic regurgitation (AR), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. ... The pulmonary valve, also known as pulmonic valve, is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps. ... Pulmonary valve stenosis is a medical condition in which outflow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve. ... Pulmonary valve insufficiency (or incompetence, or regurgitation) is a condition where the pulmonary valve is not strong enough to prevent backflow into the right ventricle. ... The tricuspid valve is on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. ... Tricuspid valve stenosis is a valvular heart disease which results in the narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve of the heart. ... Tricuspid insufficiency, also termed Tricuspid regurgitation, refers to the failure of the hearts tricuspid valve to close properly during systole. ... Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart. ... In medicine (cardiology), myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart. ... Dilated cardiomyopathy or DCM (also known as congestive cardiomyopathy), is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is dilated, often without any obvious cause. ... Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause. ... This article is considered orphaned, since there are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the least common cardiomyopathy. ... Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD, also known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or ARVC) is a type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy that involves primarily the right ventricle. ... The normal electrical conduction in the heart allows the impulse that is generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node) of the heart to be propagated to (and stimulate) the myocardium (Cardiac muscle). ... A heart block is a disease in the electrical system of the heart. ... A heart block denotes a disease in the electrical system of the heart. ... First degree AV block or PR prolongation is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart in which the PR interval is lengthened. ... Second degree AV block is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart. ... Third degree AV block, also known as complete heart block, is a defect of the electrical system of the heart, in which the impulse generated in the atria (typically the SA node on top of the right atrium) does not propagate to the ventricles. ... Bundle branch block refers to a disorder of the hearts electrical conducting system. ... ECG characteristics of a typical LBBB showing wide QRS complexes with abnormal morphology in leads V1 and V6. ... Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a cardiac conduction abnormality seen on electrocardiogram (EKG). ... Bifascicular block is a conduction abnormality in the heart where two of the three main fascicles of the His/Purkinje system are blocked. ... Trifascicular heart block is the triad of first degree heart block, right bundle branch block, and either left anterior or left posterior hemi block seen on an electrocardiogram (EKG). ... Pre-excitation syndrome is a condition where the the ventricles of the heart become depolarized too early, which leads to their premature contraction, causing arrhythmia. ... Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is a syndrome of pre-excitation of the ventricles of the heart due to an accessory pathway known as the Bundle of Kent. ... Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL) is a syndrome of pre-excitation of the ventricles due to an accessory pathway providing an abnormal electrical communication from the atria to the ventricles. ... The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heart disease in which there is an abnormally long delay between the electrical excitation (or depolarization) and relaxation (repolarization) of the ventricles of the heart. ... The term Stokes-Adams Attack refers to a sudden, transient episode of syncope, occasionally featuring seizures. ... Cardiac arrhythmia is any of a group of conditions in which the electrical activity of the heart is irregular or is faster or slower than normal. ... A supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a rapid rhythm of the heart in which the origin of the electrical signal is either the atria or the AV node. ... AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of reentrant tachycardia (fast rhythm) of the heart. ... Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach or VT) is a fast rhythm that originates in one of the ventricles of the heart. ... Atrial flutter is an abnormal fast heart rhythm that occurs in the atria of the heart. ... Atrial fibrillation (AF or afib) is a cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) that involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart. ... Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is a cardiac condition which consists of a lack of coordination of the contraction of the muscle tissue of the large chambers of the heart that eventually leads to the heart stopping altogether. ... pac This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... An ectopic pacemaker or ectopic focus is an excitable group of cells that causes a premature heart beat outside the normally functioning SA node of the human heart. ... Sick sinus syndrome, also called Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome is a group of abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) presumably caused by a malfunction of the sinus node, the hearts natural pacemaker. ... Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). ... Cardiomegaly is a medical condition wherein the heart is enlarged. ... Although ventricular hypertrophy may occur in either the left or right or both ventricles of the heart , left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more commonly encountered. ... Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the thickening of the myocardium (muscle) of the left ventricle of the heart. ... Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is a form of ventricular hypertrophy affecting the right ventricle. ... Cerebrovascular disease is damage to the blood vessels in the brain, resulting in a stroke. ... This article needs cleanup. ... A intracranial hemorrhage is a bleed into the substance of the cerebrum. ... Extra-axial hematoma, or extra-axial hemorrhage is a subtype of intracranial hemorrhage, or bleeding within the intracranial space, that occurs within the skull but outside of the brain tissue itself. ... Nontraumatic epidural hematoma in a young woman. ... A subdural hematoma (SDH) is a form of traumatic brain injury in which blood collects between the dura (the outer protective covering of the brain) and the arachnoid (the middle layer of the meninges). ... Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain, i. ... Intra-axial hemorrhages, or intra-axial hematomas, are a subtype of intracranial hemorrhage that occur within the brain tissue itself. ... Intraventricular hemorrhage (or IVH) is a bleeding of the ventricles, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space. ... Intra-axial hemorrhages, or intra-axial hematomas, are a subtype of intracranial hemorrhage that occur within the brain tissue itself. ... Ischemia or infarction of the spinal cord in the distribution of the anterior spinal artery, which supplies the ventral two-thirds of the spinal cord and Medulla. ... Binswangers disease is a rare form of multi-infarct dementia caused by damage to deep white brain matter. ... Moyamoya disease is an extremely rare disorder in most parts of the world except in Japan. ... Section of an artery An artery or arterial is also a class of highway. ... An arteriole is a blood vessel that extends and branchs out from an artery and leads to capillaries. ... The word capillary is used to describe any very narrow tube or channel through which a fluid can pass. ... Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of the renal artery. ... Aortic dissection is a tear in the wall of the aorta (the largest artery of the body). ... An aortic aneurysm is a general term for any swelling (dilatation or aneurysm) of the aorta, usually representing an underlying weakness in the wall of the aorta at that location. ... A plate from Grays Anatomy with yellow lines depicting the most common infrarenal location of the AAA. Abdominal aortic aneurysm, also written as AAA and often pronounced triple-A, is a localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta, that exceeds the normal diameter by more than 50%. The normal diameter... Post surgical photo of brain aneurysm survivor. ... Raynauds phenomenon (RAY-noz), in medicine, is a vasospastic disorder causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other extremities, named for French physician Maurice Raynaud (1834 - 1881). ... Raynauds disease (RAY-noz) is a condition that affects blood flow to the extremities which include the fingers, toes, nose and ears when exposed to temperature changes or stress. ... Buergers disease (also known as thromboangiitis obliterans) is an acute inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of arteries and veins of the hands and feet. ... Arteritis is inflammation of the walls of arteries, usually as a result of infection or auto-immune response. ... Aortitis is the inflammation of the aorta. ... Intermittent claudication is a cramping sensation in the legs that is present during exercise or walking and occurs as a result of decreased oxygen supply. ... An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein. ... In medicine, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, is a genetic disorder that leads to vascular malformations. ... A spider angioma (also known as a nevus araneus, spider nevus, or vascular spider) is a type of angioma found slightly below the skins surface, often containing a central red spot and reddish extensions which radiate outwards like a spiders web. ... In the circulatory system, a vein is a blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart. ... Lymph originates as blood plasma lost from the circulatory system, which leaks out into the surrounding tissues. ... Lymph nodes are components of the lymphatic system. ... Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. ... Phlebitis is an inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into deep vein thrombosis. ... This article is about Deep-vein thrombosis. ... May-Thurner syndrome is deep vein thrombosis of the iliofemoral vein due to compression of the left common iliac vein by overlying right common iliac artery. ... A venous thrombosis is a blood clot that forms within a vein. ... In medicine (gastroenterology and hepatology), Budd-Chiari syndrome is the clinical picture caused by occlusion of the hepatic vein. ... Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is the formation of a clot or thrombus obstructing the renal vein, leading to a reduction in drainage of the kidney. ... Paget-Schroetter disease (also Paget-von Schrötter disease) refers to deep vein thrombosis of an upper extremity vein, including the axillary vein or subclavian vein. ... Vein gymnastics in the barefoot park Dornstetten, Germany. ... A portacaval anastomosis is a specific type of anastomosis that occurs between the veins of portal circulation and those of systemic circulation. ... Hemorrhoids (AmE), haemorrhoids (BrE), emerods, or piles are varicosities or swelling and inflammation of veins in the rectum and anus. ... In medicine (gastroenterology), esophageal varices are extreme dilations of sub mucosal veins in the mucosa of the esophagus in diseases featuring portal hypertension, secondary to cirrhosis primarily. ... Cross section showing the pampiniform plexus Varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the veins in the scrotum draining the testicles. ... Gastric varices are dilated submucosal veins in the stomach. ... Caput medusae means dilated veins around the umbilicus. ... Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a result of obstruction of the superior vena cava. ... Lymphadenopathy is a term meaning disease of the lymph nodes. ... Azskeptic 17:34, 10 July 2007 (UTC) Lymphedema, also spelled lymphoedema, also known as lymphatic obstruction, is a condition of localized fluid retention caused by a compromised lymphatic system. ... Lymphadenopathy is swelling of one or more lymph nodes. ... In physiology and medicine, hypotension refers to an abnormally low blood pressure. ... Orthostatic hypotension (also known as postural hypotension, orthostatic intolerance and, colloquially, as head rush or a dizzy spell) is a sudden fall in blood pressure, typically greater than 20/10 mm Hg, that occurs when a person assumes a standing position, usually after a prolonged period of rest. ...