NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Core Image

Core Image is a pixel-accurate, non-destructive image processing and rendering framework for Mac OS X. As part of the QuartzCore framework, it extends the rendering capabilities of Quartz with its plugin-based architecture for applying filters and effects. ^[1]^[2] Quartz is the marketing name of the proprietary graphics layer that sits on top of the open source Darwin core of Mac OS X. Quartz is part of the Core Graphics framework. ...

Overview

Core Image is designed to abstract the pixel-level image manipulation process, making it available to applications without requiring the addition of hardware-specific code. Core Image works by applying an Image Unit to the pixel data of a given image, resulting in the creation of a new image. Each image unit specifies a filter, transform, or other effect which can be applied to the original pixel data without modifying the original data. In this way, Image Units provide non-destructive image editing.^[3]

Like Photoshop filters, one Image Unit can be applied in conjunction with others. Core Image can assemble an instruction pipeline on the fly so that only one calculation needs to be applied to the pixel data to achieve the effect of applying multiple units. The result is that multiple Image Units can be applied to an image without requiring a significant increase in processing time. Core Image utilizes a just-in-time compiler for creating the code which performs the pixel operations associated with one or more Image Units. The code is then executed by either the CPU or graphics card's GPU, whichever can perform the calculation faster.^[4] Adobe Photoshop is a bitmap graphics editor (with some text and vector graphics capabilities) published by Adobe Systems. ...

When a compatible GPU is available, the Core Image compiler generates commands using a subset of the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL).^[5] If the GPU supports the shading language, it will be the preferred renderer for Core Image. If such a GPU is not present, the compiler will work in CPU fallback mode, generating commands suitable for the current CPU architecture.^[6] CPU fallback utilizes the vector processing capabilities of the current CPU or CPUs, and it is multi-processor aware. Thus, Core Image performance depends on the GLSL capabilities of the GPU or the processing power of the CPU. With a supported GPU, most effects can be rendered in realtime or near-realtime.^[7] GLSL - OpenGL Shading Language also known as GLslang is a high level shading language based on the C programming language. ... A vector processor, or array processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on a large number of data elements very quickly. ...

History

Mac OS X v10.4 introduced Core Image.^[8] Both the Core Image Fun House and Quartz Composer applications, included with the Xcode 2.0 Tools, utilize it. The ripple effect in Dashboard also uses a Core Image filter. Aperture is an example of an application that relies almost exclusively on Core Image.^[9] Mac OS X version 10. ... Aside from their main developer tools Xcode and Interface Builder, Apple Computer also provide a number of other tools that aid software developers in creating applications for the Apple Macintosh platform. ... Quartz Composer is a node based visual programming language provided as part of the Xcode development environment in Mac OS X v10. ... Aside from their main developer tools Xcode and Interface Builder, Apple Computer also provide a number of other tools that aid software developers in creating applications for the Apple Macintosh platform. ... Dashboard is an application for Apples Mac OS X v10. ... Aperture is a software program for Mac OS X announced by Apple Inc at a New York media event on October 19, 2005, designed to assist professional photographers in post-production work. ...

Pixel Accuracy

All pixel processing provided by an Image Unit is performed in a pre-multiplied alpha (RGBA) color space, storing four color channels: red, green, blue, and transparency (alpha). Each color channel is represented by a 32-bit, floating point number. This provides exceptional color depth, far greater than can be perceived by the human eye, as each pixel is represented by a 128-bit vector (four 32-bit color channels). For color spaces of lower bit-depth, the floating-point calculation model employed by Core Image provides exceptional performance, which is useful when processing multiple images or video frames.^[10]^[11] RGBA stands for Red Green Blue Alpha. ... In computer graphics, alpha compositing is often useful to render image elements in separate passes, and then combine the resulting multiple 2D images into a single, final image in a process called compositing. ... A floating-point number is a digital representation for a number in a certain subset of the rational numbers, and is often used to approximate an arbitrary real number on a computer. ... This article refers to the sight organ. ...

Supported Graphics Processors

Any programmable GPU that supports the required Open GL Shader (GLSL) commands is capable of rendering Core Image instructions. Apple has used the following graphics cards to support Core Image GPU processing^[12]^[13]:

Any GPU capable of handling Core Image instructions is also Quartz Extreme capable. The requirements for Core Image are greater than those of Quartz Extreme.^[14] The Intel Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) is Intels current line of Integrated graphic cards. ... Quartz Compositor is the window server in Mac OS X. It is responsible for presenting and maintaining rasterized, rendered graphics from the rest of the Core Graphics framework and other renderers in the Quartz technologies family. ...

Image Units

Mac OS X 10.4 includes 100 standard Image Units, including the following^[15]: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x1032, 227 KB) Summary The Wikipedia Logo, after 3 Core Image effects have been applied: Color Monochrome Parallelogram Tile Pinch Distortion Image created by jacobolus in the freeware Image Tricks. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x1032, 227 KB) Summary The Wikipedia Logo, after 3 Core Image effects have been applied: Color Monochrome Parallelogram Tile Pinch Distortion Image created by jacobolus in the freeware Image Tricks. ...

In geometry, an affine transformation or affine map (from the Latin, affinis, connected with) between two vector spaces (strictly speaking, two affine spaces) consists of a linear transformation followed by a translation: In the finite-dimensional case each affine transformation is given by a matrix A and a vector b...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See Also

Aperture is a software program for Mac OS X announced by Apple Inc at a New York media event on October 19, 2005, designed to assist professional photographers in post-production work. ... Aside from their main developer tools Xcode and Interface Builder, Apple Computer also provide a number of other tools that aid software developers in creating applications for the Apple Macintosh platform. ... Quartz Composer is a node based visual programming language provided as part of the Xcode development environment in Mac OS X v10. ... NodeBox is an open-source application for programming 2D animation and graphics in Python. ... Pixelmator is a graphic editor developed for Mac OS X, by Pixelmator Team Ltd. ...

Other image processing frameworks

External links

Category: Mac OS X APIs Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... Core Foundation (also called CF) is a Mac OS X framework and API. CF provides: Primitive types for data (raw bytes, Unicode strings, numbers, calendar dates, UUIDs) and collections (arrays, sets, dictionaries) Application preferences management (CFPropertyList, Preferences Utilities) XML parsing Bundle handling File system I/O (CFReadStream, CFWriteStream, CFURL) Network... Core Animation is a data visualization API used by Mac OS X 10. ... Apples Core Audio interfaces Core Audio is a fairly low-level API for dealing with sound in Apples Mac OS X operating system. ... Core Data is part of the Cocoa API in Mac OS X, first introduced in Mac OS X 10. ... Core OpenGL, or CGL, is Apple Computers Macintosh Quartz windowing system interface to the Mac OS X implementation of the OpenGL specification. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Core Text is part of the Cocoa API in Mac OS X, first introduced in Mac OS X 10. ... Core Video is a new pipeline model for digital video in Mac OS X. Partitioning the processing into discrete steps makes it simpler for developers to access and manipulate individual frames without having to worry about translating between data types (QuickTime, OpenGL, and so on) or display synchronization issues. ... Mac OS X (IPA: ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... An address book or a name and address book (NAB) is a book or a collection of data storing contact details (for example: address, telephone number, e-mail address, fax number, mobile phone number). ... Automator is an application developed by Apple for Mac OS X that implements point-and-click (or drag-and-drop) creation of workflows for automating repetitive tasks. ... This article is about the calculator application bundled with Mac OS X. For the calculator application bundled with Windows, see Microsoft Calculator. ... Chess is a chess game for Mac OS X, featuring a high quality graphical display and support for chess variants such as crazyhouse and suicide chess. ... Dashboard is an application for Apples Mac OS X v10. ... Dictionary is an application introduced with Mac OS X v10. ... This page relates to Apple software. ... The Finder is the default application program used on the Mac OS and Mac OS X operating systems that is responsible for the overall user-management of files, disks, network volumes and the launching of other applications. ... This article is about the Macintosh computer application. ... Grapher is a software program bundled with Mac OS X v10. ... For the Tcl calendar package, see Ical (Unix). ... This article is about the Mac software. ... iSync 1. ... This article is about the iTunes application. ... Mail (aka Mail. ... Photo Booth is a small software application for taking photos with an iSight camera by Apple Inc. ... Preview is Mac OS Xs application for displaying images and Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. ... QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc. ... Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. ... Sherlock 2 for Mac OS 9 showing the Files channel Sherlock, named after Sherlock Holmes, is the file and web searching tool made by Apple Inc. ... Stickies is a Macintosh application for putting Post-it note-like windows on the screen, with short reminders, notes and other clippings. ... A screenshot of Apples TextEdit. ... Activity Monitor is the name of a utility for performing different tasks to a computer process in the Mac OS X operating system. ... The AirPort Admin Utility in Mac OS X serves to allow the user to configure AirPort Wifi Base Stations to create a wireless network. ... The Audio MIDI Setup utility is a program that comes with the Mac OS X operating system for adjusting the computers audio input and output configuration settings and managing MIDI devices. ... Bluetooth File Exchange is an aptly-named utility that comes with the Mac OS X operating system, used to exchange files to or from a Bluetooth-enabled device. ... BOMArchiveHelper is the default archive file handler in Mac OS X. It is a service application that has no GUI when double-clicked, rather it is invoked by opening its associated files or by choosing Create archive of file in the Finders contextual menu. ... Classic, or Classic Environment, is a hardware and software abstraction layer in Mac OS X that allows applications compatible with Mac OS 9 to run on the OS X operating system. ... ColorSync Utility is an interface for Apples ColorSync specification on the Mac OS X operating system. ... Console is the default log viewer in Mac OS X. Categories: | ... A crash reporter is an application whose function is to report crash data to a third party, usually to the party responsible for the crashed program. ... DigitalColor Meter is a utility for measuring and displaying the colour values of pixels displayed on the screen of a Macintosh computer. ... Directory Access is a Mac OS X utility for connecting to network services. ... DiskImageMounter is the utility that handles mounting disk images in Mac OS X. Like BOMArchiveHelper it has no GUI when double-clicked, in fact doing so does nothing. ... Disk Utility is the name of a utility created by Apple for performing disk-related tasks in Mac OS X. These tasks include: the creation of disk images; mounting, unmounting, and ejecting disks (including both hard disks, removable media and disk images); enabling or disabling journaling; verifying a disks... Apples Font Book includes fonts, and dividing them into groups. ... 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AU Lab, a developer application included on Mac OS Xs installer CD Audio Units (AU) are a system-level plug-in architecture provided by Core Audio, a set of application programming interface services provided by Apple Computers Mac OS X operating system. ... Mac OS X v10. ... Bonjour, formerly Rendezvous, is Apple Inc. ... Boot Camp is a software assistant made available by Apple Inc. ... Carbon is the codename of Apple Computers API for the Macintosh operating system, which permits a good degree of forward and backward compatibility between source code written to run on the classic Mac OS, and the newer Mac OS X. The APIs are published and accessed in the form... A Cocoa application being developed using Xcode. ... ColorSync is Apples color management API for the Mac OS and Mac OS X. // Apple developed the original 1. ... Core Animation is a data visualization API used by Mac OS X 10. ... Apples Core Audio interfaces Core Audio is a fairly low-level API for dealing with sound in Apples Mac OS X operating system. ... Core Data is part of the Cocoa API in Mac OS X, first introduced in Mac OS X 10. ... Core Foundation (also called CF) is a Mac OS X framework and API. CF provides: Primitive types for data (raw bytes, Unicode strings, numbers, calendar dates, UUIDs) and collections (arrays, sets, dictionaries) Application preferences management (CFPropertyList, Preferences Utilities) XML parsing Bundle handling File system I/O (CFReadStream, CFWriteStream, CFURL) Network... Core OpenGL, or CGL, is Apple Computers Macintosh Quartz windowing system interface to the Mac OS X implementation of the OpenGL specification. ... Core Video is a new pipeline model for digital video in Mac OS X. Partitioning the processing into discrete steps makes it simpler for developers to access and manipulate individual frames without having to worry about translating between data types (QuickTime, OpenGL, and so on) or display synchronization issues. ... The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) is a modular computer printing system for Unix-like operating systems that allows a computer to act as a powerful print server. ... Darwin is a free and open source, Unix-like operating system first released by Apple Inc. ... Comparison of docks in Avant Window Navigator on Ubuntu, Mac OS X Leopard, and Suns Project Looking Glass The Dock in Mac OS X is an application; this is its icon. ... Mac OS X 10. ... FileVault is a system that protects files on a computer. ... The Apple Icon Image format is the icon format used in Apple Computers Mac OS X. 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Spaces is a virtual desktop feature developed by Apple to be included in Mac OS X v10. ... The Speakable Items window, executing the Tell Me a Joke command. ... Spotlight is an as-you-type, system-wide desktop search feature found in Mac OS X v10. ... Stacks are a new feature found in Apples latest operating system, Mac OS X Leopard. ... Time Machine is an automatic backup utility announced on August 7, 2006 at Apple Computers Worldwide Developers Conference, scheduled to be included with the Mac OS X v10. ... A Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) is a string that uniquely identifies the type of a class of items. ... Universal Binary Logo A Universal binary is â€” in Apple Computers parlance â€” an application bundle that runs natively on both PowerPC- and x86 (Intel)-based Macintosh computers. ... WebKit is an application framework included with Mac OS X v10. ... In computers, Xgrid is software (Apple Computer, Inc. ... 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