Cornelius Jacobszoon Drebbel (Alkmaar, 1572 - London, November 7, 1633) was the Dutch inventor of the first navigable submarine in 1620. Accijnstoren, Alkmaar Alkmaar is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of Noord Holland. ... Events January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... } London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England and is the most populous city in the European Union. ... November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... Events February 13 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ... An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. ... German UC-1 class World War I submarine A model of Gunter Priens Unterseeboot 47 (U-47), German WWII Type VII diesel-electric hunter-killer (SSK) submarine USS Virginia, a Virginia-class nuclear attack (SSN) submarine A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... Events September 6 - English emigrants on the Mayflower depart from Plymouth, England for the future New England and arrive at the end of the year. ...

Biography

Drebbel had elementary education (which included Latin) but no university education. In youth he was apprenticed to the famous engraver Hendrick Goltzius in Haarlem. In 1595 Drebbel married Sophia Jansdochter, one of Goltzius' younger sisters. In the same year he settled at Alkmaar, where he devoted himself to engraving and publishing maps and pictures. In 1604 King James I of England received Drebbel at his court and became his patron. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. ... Hendrik Goltzius (1558 - January 1, 1617), Dutch painter and engraver, was born at Millebrecht, in the duchy of Julich. ... Haarlem is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, capital of the North Holland province. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... James VI of Scotland/James I of England and Ireland (Charles James) (June 19, 1566 – March 27, 1625) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland and was the first to style himself King of Great Britain. ...

In 1609 he was given rooms at Eltham Palace to display his inventions. These included an astronomical clock which was powered by atmospheric pressure changes and thus required no winding (later duplicated in the 1760s by James Cox in his timepiece). He also publicly demonstrated a cooling machine in Westminster Hall. // Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... Events and Trends King George III ascends the British throne in 1760. ... Coxs timepiece is a clock developed, in the 1760s, by James Cox (with the help of John Joseph Merlin). ... Clock Tower and New Palace Yard from the west The Palace of Westminster, on the banks of the River Thames in Westminster, London, is the home of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, which form the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...

Drebbel's Legacy

Drebbel became famous for his 1619 invention of a microscope with two convex lenses. It was the first microscope with two optical lenses ever invented. Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... A microscope (Greek: micron = small and scopos = aim) is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye. ... Convex lens converging light rays A convex lens, or converging lens, is a lens that is curved outward (convex): the ends are narrow and the middle is wide. ...

He also built the first navigable submarine in 1620 while working for the British Navy. Using William Bourne's design from 1578, he manufactured a steerable submarine with a leather-covered wooden frame. Between 1620 and 1624 Drebbel successfully built and tested two more submarines, each one bigger than the last. The final (third) model had 6 oars and could carry 16 passengers. This model was demonstrated to King James I in person and several thousand Londoners. The submarine stayed submerged for three hours and could travel from Westminster to Greenwich and back, cruising at a depth of from 12 to 15 feet (4 to 5 metres). This submarine was tested many times in the Thames, but never used in combat. German UC-1 class World War I submarine A model of Gunter Priens Unterseeboot 47 (U-47), German WWII Type VII diesel-electric hunter-killer (SSK) submarine USS Virginia, a Virginia-class nuclear attack (SSN) submarine A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... Events September 6 - English emigrants on the Mayflower depart from Plymouth, England for the future New England and arrive at the end of the year. ... The Royal Navy is the navy of the United Kingdom. ... William Bourne was an English mathematician, innkeeper and former Royal Navy gunner who created an idea for an early submarine. ... Events January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. ... Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... An oar is a tool used for marine propulsion. ... Westminster is a district within the City of Westminster in London. ... Greenwich (pronounced grenn-itch , or by the locals) is a town, now part of the south eastern urban sprawl of London, on the south bank of the River Thames in the London Borough of Greenwich. ... The Thames River is the name of a river in Ontario, Canada and one in Connecticut, United States of America. ...

Drebbel's most famous written work was Ein kurzer Tractat von der Natur der Elementen (Leiden, 1608). He was also involved in the invention of Mercury fulminate.[1] Leyden redirects here. ... Events March 18 - Sissinios formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia May 14 - Protestant Union founded in Auhausen. ... Mercury fulminate (Hg(ONC)2) is a primary explosive. ...

Drebbel also invented a chicken incubator and a mercury thermostat that automatically kept it at a constant temperature. This is one of the first recorded feedback-controlled devices. He also attempted to develop a working air conditioning system. The word incubation (from Latin incubare, to lie upon - cf. ... General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 200. ... Bi-metallic thermostat for buildings A thermostat is a device for maintaining the temperature of a system within a range by controlling, either directly or indirectly, the flow of heat energy into or out of the system. ... Feedback is (generally) information about actions. ... Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ...

It has also been speculated that Drebbel made use of a way to produce oxygen, possibly from a nitrate. The most reliable source suggesting this is in fact a note by Robert Boyle. In 1662 Boyle wrote that he had spoken with an excellent mathematician, who was still alive and had been on the submarine, who said that Drebbel had a chemical liquor that would replace that quintessence of air that was able to cherish the vital flame residing in the heart. General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... In inorganic chemistry, a nitrate is a salt of nitric acid. ... Robert Boyle The Honourable Robert Boyle (January 25, 1627 - December 30, 1691) was an Irish natural philosopher, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. ... Events February 1 - The Chinese pirate Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege. ...

Near the end of his life, in 1633, Drebbel was living in virtual poverty running an ale house in England.

Drebbel in popular culture

Drebbel was recently honored in an episode of the cartoon Sealab 2021 during a submarine rescue of workers on a research station in the Arctic. A German U-boat captain, who mysteriously "came with the sub", fired a pistol in celebration at the mention of Drebbel, to shouts of, "SIEG HEIL! CORNELIUS DREBBEL!" Also, on the Sealab 2021 Season 3 DVD, Cornelius Drebbel has two DVD commentaries devoted to the story of his life. However, the first is highly inaccurate and the narrator of the second gets easily distracted, so much so that he spends most of the eleven minutes of commentary talking about the languages of northern Europe and the domestic policies of the Swiss. The Princes flag of the Netherlands File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of the Netherlands William I of Orange User:Jeronimo/Sandbox Categories: Flag images ... Cornelius Jacobszoon Drebbel (Alkmaar, 1572 - London, November 7, 1633) was a Dutch inventor. ... Image File history File links Grand_Union_Flag. ... A cross-section sketch of Bushnells Turtle. ... Image File history File links US_flag_15_stars. ... Nautilus was the first practical submarine, commissioned by Napoleon and designed by the American inventor Robert Fulton, then living in France. ... Image File history File links Confederate_Battle_Flag. ... H. L. Hunley was a submarine of the Confederate States Navy that demonstrated both the advantages and the dangers of undersea warfare. ... Image File history File links US_45_Star_Flag. ... USS Holland (SS-1) was the United States Navys first submarine, named for her inventor, John Philip Holland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany_1933. ... -1... Image File history File links US_flag_48_stars. ... USS Albacore (AGSS-569), a unique research submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the albacore, a small tuna found in temperate seas throughout the world. ... Image File history File links US_flag_48_stars. ... For other ships named Nautilus, see USS Nautilus and Ships named Nautilus USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was the worlds first operational nuclear-powered submarine and the first vessel to complete a submerged transit across the North Pole. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... The Soviet Navys Project 611, also known by their NATO reporting name of Zulu class, were designed as attack submarines, but six were converted to become the worlds first ballistic missile submarines, one armed with a single F-11FM Scud missile and five others with two Scuds each. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_States. ... USS Narwhal (SSN-671), a unique submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the narwhal, a gray and white arctic whale that averages 20 feet in length, each of the males of which have single, long, twisted tusk. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... Alfa class submarine at sea. ... Sealab 2021 was an American comedy animated television series shown on Cartoon Networks adult-oriented programming block, Adult Swim. ... The red line indicates the 10°C isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region border The Arctic is the area around the Earths North Pole. ... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ... It has been suggested that Third person limited omniscient be merged into this article or section. ...

External links

• Drebbel Institute for Mechatronics: Who was Cornelis J. Drebbel?
• Cornelius Drebbel:inventor of the submarine
• Cornelis Drebbel (1572 - 1633)
• Drebbel's submarine