One Tree Hill is a 182 metre volcanic peak located in Auckland, New Zealand. The suburb which is built around the base of the hill is also called One Tree Hill. The hill's scoria cones erupted 20,000 - 30,000 years ago, creating lava flows that covered an area of 20 square kilometres. The summit provides views across the Auckland area, and allows visitors to see both of Auckland's Harbours. It is an important memorial place for both Māori and other New Zealanders. This article is about volcanoes in geology. ... The Auckland Metropolitan Area, or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest urban area in New Zealand. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ... Scoria Scoria is a type of igneous rock containing many gas bubbles, or vesicules. ... Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, a cinder-and-spatter cone on Kilauea, Hawaii Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcano formations. ... Look up lava, Aa, pahoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Auckland Metropolitan Area, or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest urban area in New Zealand. ... For the Māori language, see Māori language. ...

Māori history

The hill is also known under its Māori name Maungakiekie, which translates to 'hill of the kikie vine'. The mountain and its surrounds were home to the Wai o Hua tribe, since the early 1700s and probably before that time. Other Māori tribes in the Auckland area can also trace their ancestry to the Mountain. It is surrounded by the suburbs of Royal Oak to the west, and clockwise, Epsom, Greenlane, Oranga, and Onehunga. Māori or Te Reo Māori, commonly shortened to Te Reo (literally the language) is an official language of New Zealand. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... For the Māori language, see Māori language. ... Epsom is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. ... Oranga Community Centre. ... Onehunga is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. ...

Maungakiekie was the largest and most important Māori Pa in pre-European times with a population estimated at up to 3000. At this time, the Nga Marama chief; Kiwi Tamaki held the Pa and used its strategic location to exact tribute from travellers passing from Northland to the rest of the North Island along the richly soiled isthmus. Its placing between the Waitemata Harbour to the East (opening upon the Pacific Ocean) and the Manukau Harbour to the West (opening onto the Tasman Sea) afforded a wide variety of seafood from the two diverse harbours. The volcanic soil of the slopes of the mountain proved highly fertile and easy to defend from raiding parties from other tribes by its steep sides and imposing pallisades. The inhabitants terraced the hill extensively, and it has been called the largest known earth fort in the world. The Northland Region, one of the regions of New Zealand, is, as the name suggests, the northernmost of New Zealands administrative regions. ... North Island The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, the other being the South Island. ... The Isthmus of Panama connects North and South America. ... Auckland Harbour Bridge crossing the Waitemata Harbour Waitemata Harbour is the main access by sea to Auckland, New Zealand. ... Location of Manukau Harbour Manukau Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in New Zealand and the sixth largest in the world by area. ... Map of the Tasman Sea Satellite photo of the Tasman Sea The Tasman Sea is the large body of water between Australia and New Zealand, some 2000 kilometres (1250 miles) across. ... Palisades is also a general term for steep cliffs next to a river. ...

Later history

Cornwall Park and One Tree Hill Domain are the legacy of Sir John Logan Campbell. Originally the land was a farm owned by him on the outskirts of Auckland. Upon his return from Italy in the 1880s he intended to build a great family residence on the slopes of the hill (where the current tearooms are) and planted many trees including olives on the slopes. Eventually he constructed a house closer to town (the land is now part of the Parnell Rose gardens). By about 1900 he realised that Auckland's suburbs were spreading at an alarming rate and he decided to leave the Greenlane property to the city as a park.[1] Parts of the park, about 120 hectares are still run as a farm today,[2] providing many Aucklanders with access to an example of rural life, in the heart of the city. Sir John Logan Campbell (1817 - 1912) was a prominent New Zealand public figure. ...

He initially intended to call it Corinth Park after the noted region of Greece. It received the name Cornwall Park because of the Royal visit to Australia and New Zealand in 1901 by the Duke & Duchess of Cornwall (later King George V & Queen Mary). John Logan Campbell was asked to be honorary Mayor of Auckland. It was during this visit that he took the opportunity to gift the Park to the people of New Zealand and asked that it be called Cornwall Park. In return he was knighted. George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 - 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, as a result of his creating it from the British branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Mary of Teck Mary of Teck (26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953), later Queen Mary, was the Queen Consort of George V of the United Kingdom. ...

The park was designed by the landscape architect Austin Strong and is based on Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. An aerial view of the Golden Gate Park The Golden Gate Park is the largest urban park in San Francisco, California, USA. At 1017 acres (4. ...

Detail of the obelisk.

On the summit of the hill is the grave of Sir John Logan Campbell surmounted by an obelisk. The obelisk was constructed in accordance with the wishes and provisions in John Campbell's will to commemorate his admiration for the Māori people. Before it stands a bronze statue of a Māori warrior. Sir John Logan Campbell (1817 - 1912) was a prominent New Zealand public figure. ... For the Māori language, see Māori language. ...

The stone Obelisk was completed by 1940 – the centennial year of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi but the unveiling of the Obelisk was delayed until 24 April 1948, after World War II was over, in keeping with Māori custom of not holding such ceremonies during a time of bloodshed.

Trees on the hill

Until 2000, a Radiata pine tree was standing next to the obelisk. This tree (one of two pines) had been planted to replace a sacred Māori Totara tree, the tree which had given Maungakiekie its English name. This totara had been cut down by a white settler in 1852 for firewood. This article is about the year 2000. ... Binomial name Pinus radiata D.Don Pinus radiata (family Pinaceae) is known in English as Monterey Pine in some parts of the world (mainly in the USA, Canada and the British Isles), and Radiata Pine in others (primarily Australia, New Zealand and Chile). ... Binomial name Podocarpus totara G. Benn. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

However, in the early 1960s during a jamboree, a group of overseas Boy Scouts cut down one of the two newer pines. The remaining tree was later attacked twice with chainsaws by Māori protesters (partly because it was not a native New Zealand species and thus apparently considered an insult). The first attack happened on 28 October 1994, the anniversary of the 1835 Declaration of Independence [3]. The final attack (on October 5, 2000)[4]left the tree unable to recover and so it was removed due to the risk of it dying and falling down. In Scouting, a jamboree is a large gathering of Scouts who rally at a national or international level. ... For the Māori language, see Māori language. ...

Partly due to uncertainty as to what species of tree should be replanted, the hill stands empty at the moment, except for the obelisk. A new nickname, "None Tree Hill", soon became popular.

One Tree Hill after the removal of the "One Tree". This vista does not show the dense suburban surroundings.

Things named after One Tree Hill

• Irish rock band U2 wrote a song about the hill, "One Tree Hill", which appeared on their album The Joshua Tree. It was written to honour New Zealander Greg Carroll, an employee of the band who died in a motorcycle accident in Dublin on July 3, 1986.

• Asteroid 23988 Maungakiekie was named after the hill by Ian P. Griffin, a British astronomer.

• Mozilla Firefox 0.9 was named One Tree Hill by Auckland resident and (at that time) Firefox lead engineer Ben Goodger.

U2 is an Irish rock band formed in Dublin, featuring Bono (Paul David Hewson) on vocals, rhythm guitar and harmonica; The Edge (David Howell Evans) on lead guitar, keyboards and backing vocals; Adam Clayton on bass guitar; and Larry Mullen, Jr. ... One Tree Hill is a U2 song from their 1987 album The Joshua Tree. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An asteroid is a predominantly rocky body that orbits around its star. ... Contents: 23001. ... Mozilla logo Mozilla Firefox is a computer term that has had many different uses, though all of them have been related to Netscape Communications Corporation and its related application software. ... Firefox may refer to: Firefox (novel), written by Craig Thomas, published in 1978 Firefox (film), the 1982 movie starring Clint Eastwood, based on the novel Firefox (arcade game), the laserdisc arcade game based on the movie Mozilla Firefox, a web browser The Red Fox or the Red Panda, based on... Ben Goodger (born in London, England) is a former employee of Netscape Communications Corporation and the Mozilla Foundation and lead developer of the Firefox web browser. ...

References

• McLauchlan, Gordon (Ed) (1989). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand. David Bateman Ltd. ISBN 1-86953-007-1.

External links

• Auckland Regional Council: One Tree Hill
• One Tree Hill loses its tree - bbc.co.uk news report from 26 October 2000