Cosimo I de' Medici in Armour by Agnolo Bronzino.

Cosimo I de' Medici (June 12, 1519[1] – April 21, 1574) was Duke of Florence from 1537 to 1574, reigning as the first Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1569. Download high resolution version (801x983, 90 KB)Cosimo I de Medici in Armour by Agnolo Bronzino. ... Download high resolution version (801x983, 90 KB)Cosimo I de Medici in Armour by Agnolo Bronzino. ... Andrea Doria as Neptune Agnolo di Cosimo (1503, Firenze – 1572, Firenze) (also known as Agnolo Bronzino and Agnolo Tori). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1574 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Unofficial Medici Rulers of Florence, 1434-1531 Cosimo de Medici 1434-1464 Piero I de Medici 1464-1469 (The Gouty) Lorenzo I de Medici 1469-1492 (The Magnificent) Giuliano de Medici 1469-1478 Piero II de Medici 1492-1494 Republic restored 1494-1512 Cardinal Giovanni de Medici 1512-1513 Lorenzo... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... Year 1574 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Unofficial Medici Rulers of Florence, 1434_1531 Cosimo de Medici 1434_1464 Piero I de Medici 1464-1469 (The Gouty) Lorenzo I de Medici 1469-1492 (The Magnificent) Giuliano de Medici 1469-1478 Piero II de Medici 1492-1494 Republic restored 1494-1512 Cardinal Giovanni de Medici 1512_1513 Lorenzo II de Medici...

Biography

Cosimo was born in Florence, the son of the famous condottiere Giovanni dalle Bande Nere from Forlì and Maria Salviati. Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... Condottieri were mercenary leaders employed by Italian city-states from the late Middle Ages until the mid-fifteenth century. ... Portrait of Giovanni by Gian Paolo Pace, now housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. ... Forlì is a comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, famed as the birthplace of the great painter Melozzo da Forlì and of Fascist leader Benito Mussolini, at the nearby comune of Predappio. ...

Cosimo came to power at 17, when Duke Alessandro de' Medici was assassinated in 1537, as Alessandro's only male issue was illegitimate. He was from a different branch of the family, and so far had lived in Mugello, being almost unknown in Florence: however, many of the influential men in the city favored him, in some cases perhaps hoping to rule through him, taking advantage of his age. However, as Benedetto Varchi famously put it "One bill had the glutton in mind, and another the innkeeper" ^[1]. Cosimo proved strong-willed, astute and ambitious, and soon rejected the clause he had signed, which entrusted much of the power to a council of Forty-Eight. This article is on the first Duke of Florence. ... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... The mugello is a landscape north of Florence. ... Benedetto Varchi (born 1502 or 1503 in Florence; died 1565) was an Italian historian. ...

Equestrian statue by Giambologna
(Piazza della Signoria, Florence).

When the Florentine exiles heard of the death of Alessandro, they marshalled their forces with support from France and from disgruntled neighbors of Florence. During this time, Cosimo had an illegitimate daughter, Bia (1537 – 1542), who was portrayed shortly before her premature death in a marvelous painting^[2] by Bronzino. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2816 × 2112 pixel, file size: 1. ... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... Andrea Doria as Neptune Agnolo di Cosimo ( 1503, Firenze – 1572, Firenze) (also known as Agnolo Bronzino and Agnolo Tori). ...

Toward the end of July 1537, the exiles marched into Tuscany under the leadership of Bernardo Salviati and Piero Strozzi. When Cosimo heard of their approach, he sent his best troops under Alessandro Vitelli to engage the enemy, which they did at Montemurlo, a fortress that belonged to the Nerli. After defeating the exiles' army, Vitelli stormed the fortress, where Strozzi and a few of his companions had retreated to safety. It fell after only a few hours, and Cosimo celebrated his first victory. The prominent prisoners were subsequently beheaded on the Piazza or in the Bargello. Filippo Strozzi's body was found with a bloody sword next to it and a note quoting Virgil, but many believe that his suicide was faked. Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... Bernardo Salviati (1508 - May 6, 1568) was an Italian condottiero and Roman Catholic Cardinal. ... Piero Strozzi as Marshal of France. ... the Bargello For the type of embroidery, please visit Bargello (needlework) The Bargello palace was built in 1255 to house first the Capitano del Populo and later, in 1261, the Podestà, the highest magistrate of the Florence City Council, Italy. ... A view of Palazzo Strozzi in Florence. ... For other uses, see Virgil (disambiguation). ...

In June 1537 Cosimo was recognized as head of the Florentine state by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, in exchange of help against France in the course of the Italian Wars. With this move he firmly restored the power of the Medici, who thereafter ruled Florence until the last of the Medici Grand Dukes, Gian Gastone de' Medici (1671–1737). The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ... Combatants France, the Holy Roman Empire, the states of Italy (notably the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, the Papal States, Florence, and the Duchy of Ferrara), England, Scotland, Spain, the Ottoman Empire, the Swiss, Saxony, and others The Italian Wars, often referred to as... For the board game, see Medici (board game). ... Florence (Italian: ) is the capital city of the region of Tuscany, Italy. ... ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... Events 12 February — The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated. ...

Cosimo next turned on Siena. With the support of the Emperor, he defeated the Sienese at the Battle of Marciano (1554), and laid siege to Siena. Despite the inhabitants' desperate resistance, on April 17, 1555, after a 15-month siege, the city fell, its population diminished from forty thousand to eight thousand. In 1559 Montalcino, the last redoubt of Sienese independence, was annexed to Cosimo's territories. In 1569 he constituted the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Piazza del Campo Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ... The Battle of Marciano occurred in the countryside of Marciano, August 2nd, 1554. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... Montalcino is a hilltown and comune in Tuscany, Italy. ... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ...

Cosimo was a despotic ruler and also found it necessary to lay heavy tax burdens on his subjects. Despite his economic difficulties, he was a lavish patron of the arts and also developed the Florentine navy, which eventually took part in the Battle of Lepanto, and which he entrusted to his new creation, the military Order of St. Stephen. He was also an active builder of military structures, in the attempt of save his state from the frequent passage of foreign armies (examples are the new fortress of Siena, Arezzo, Sansepolcro, the new walls of Pisa and Fivizzano, and the strongholds of Portoferraio, in the Elba Island, and Terra del Sole). The financial help granted to Charles V allowed him to free Tuscany from the Spanish-Imperial garrisons, and to increase as much as possible its independence from the overwhelming Spanish influence in Italy. He also enlarged the Duchy's navy, and some of his galleys took part to the Battle of Lepanto (1571). Three battles have been known as the Battle of Lepanto: Battle of Lepanto (1499) during the Turkish-Venetian Wars Battle of Lepanto (1500) during the Turkish-Venetian Wars Battle of Lepanto (1571) defeat of the Turkish fleet An earlier battle near modern Lepanto was called the Battle of Naupactus (429... The Knights of St. ... San Sepolcro, or Borgo Santo Sepolcro, a town and episcopal see of Tuscany, Italy, in the province of Arezzo. ... Leaning Tower of Pisa. ... Fivizzano is a city located in the province of Massa-Carrara, Tuscany (Italy). ... A view from the local mountains of Portoferraio. ... Elba (top center) from space, February 1994 Elba and the Tuscan Archipelago. ... Plan of Baldassarre Lancis new town at Terra del Sole. ... // Combatants Holy League: Spain  Republic of Venice Papal States Republic of Genoa Duchy of Savoy Knights of Malta Ottoman Empire Commanders Don John of Austria Ali Pasha † Strength 206 galleys, 6 galleasses 230 galleys, 56 galliots Casualties 8,000 dead or wounded, 12 galleys lost 20,000 dead or wounded...

Cosimo was an authoritary ruler: in order to counter plots, he created for himself a Guard of Swiss mercenaries. In 1548 he managed to have his relative Lorenzino, the last Medici claimant to Florence, assassinated in Venice. Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... Lorenzino de Medici (March 23, 1514, Florence - February 26, 1548, Venice) - assassin of Alessandro, first Medici, carrying the title of duke of Florence. ... For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ...

In the last 10 years of his reign, struck by the death of two of his sons by malaria, Cosimo gave up the active rule to his son and successor Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. He retreated to live in his villa at Castello, outside Florence. Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. ... Francesco I of Tuscany. ...

Cosimo and the arts

Among his many accomplishments was the creation of the Uffizi, originally intended to house the government, now one of the world's great art galleries. He also finished the Pitti Palace as a home for the Medici and created the magnificent Boboli Gardens behind the Pitti. He was a great patron of the arts, supporting, among others, Vasari, Cellini, Pontormo, Bronzino, the architect Lanci and the historians Scipione Ammirato e Benedetto Varchi. The narrow courtyard between the Uffizis two wings creates the effect of a short, idealized street. ... Early 20th century photograph of the Palazzo Pitti, then still known as La Residenza Reale following the residency of King Emmanuel II between 1865 to 1871 when Florence was the capital of Italy. ... The Boboli Gardens is a famous park in Florence, Italy that is home to a small but distinguished collection of sculptures. ... Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ... Benvenuto Cellini (November 1, 1500 _ February 13, 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, painter, sculptor, soldier and musician of the Renaissance. ... Jacopo Carrucci (Pontormo, near Empoli, May 24, 1494 - January 2, 1557), usually known as Jacopo da Pontormo, or simply Pontormo, was a Florentine Mannerist painter and portraitist. ... Andrea Doria as Neptune Agnolo di Cosimo ( 1503, Firenze – 1572, Firenze) (also known as Agnolo Bronzino and Agnolo Tori). ... A plan of Lancis new city at Terra del Sole. ... Scipione Ammirato (1531-1601), Italian historian, born at Lecce, in the kingdom of Naples. ... Benedetto Varchi (born 1502 or 1503 in Florence; died 1565) was an Italian historian. ...

A large bronze equestrian statue of Cosimo I by Giambologna, erected in 1598, still stands today in the Piazza della Signoria, the main square of Florence. Portrait of Giovanni Bologna by Hendrick Goltzius Giambologna, born as Jean Boulogne, also known as Giovanni Da Bologna and Giovanni Bologna (1529 - 1608) was a sculptor who best known for his marble statuary and works in bronze. ... Events January 7 - Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia following the death of his brother-in-law, Tsar Feodor I. April 13 - Edict of Nantes - Henry IV of France grants French Huguenots equal rights with Catholics. ... The Piazza della Signoria is an L-shaped square in front of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy. ...

Eleonora of Toledo, Grand Duchess of Tuscany who purchased the Palazzo Pitti in 1549 for the Medici family.

Cosimo was also an enthusiast of alchemy, a passion he had inherited from his grand-mother Caterina Sforza. Image File history File links Elanora of Toledo. ... Image File history File links Elanora of Toledo. ... Early, tinted 20th-century photograph of the Palazzo Pitti, then still known as La Residenza Reale following the residency of King Emmanuel II between 1865–71, when Florence was the capital of Italy. ... For the board game, see Medici (board game). ... For other uses, see Alchemy (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

See also

• Italian Wars
• Italian War of 1551-1559

Combatants France, the Holy Roman Empire, the states of Italy (notably the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, the Papal States, Florence, and the Duchy of Ferrara), England, Scotland, Spain, the Ottoman Empire, the Swiss, Saxony, and others The Italian Wars, often referred to as... The Italian War of 1551 (1551-1559), sometimes known as the Habsburg-Valois War, began when Henry II of France, who had succeeded Francis to the throne, declared war against Charles V with the intent of recapturing Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs. ...

Marriage and family

In 1539, he married Eleonora di Toledo (1519–1562), the daughter of Don Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, the Spanish viceroy of Naples. Her married name was Leonor de Toledo-de' Medici. Her face is still familiar to many because of her solemn and distant portraits by Agnolo Bronzino. The most famous of them, with her son Giovanni, hangs in the Uffizi Gallery. She provided the Medici with the Pitti Palace and seven sons to ensure male succession and four daughters to connect the Medici with noble and ruling houses in Italy. She was a patron of the new Jesuit order, and her private chapel in the Palazzo della Signoria was decorated by Bronzino, who had originally arrived in Florence to provide festive decor for her wedding. She died, with her sons Giovanni and Garzia, in 1562, when she was only forty; all three of them were struck down by malaria while traveling to Pisa. Events May 30 - In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. ... Eleonora di Toledo Eleonora di Toledo (1522– December 17, 1562) was a Spanish noblewoman who was Duchess of Florence from 1539. ... Events March 4 - Hernán Cortés lands in Mexico. ... Year 1562 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Spanish Viceroy of Naples Don Pedro Álvarez de Toledo (1484-1553) was a Spanish viceroy of Naples. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... For other uses see, Naples (disambiguation) and Napoli (disambiguation) Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Eleonora di Toledo Eleonora di Toledo (1522– December 17, 1562) was a Spanish noblewoman who was Duchess of Florence from 1539. ... Andrea Doria as Neptune Agnolo di Cosimo (1503, Firenze – 1572, Firenze) (also known as Agnolo Bronzino and Agnolo Tori). ... Agnolo Bronzino, Portrait of Giovanni de Medici (c. ... The Uffizi Gallery (Italian Galleria degli Uffizi) is a palace or palazzo in Florence, holding one of the most famous museums in the world. ... Early 20th century photograph of the Palazzo Pitti, then still known as La Residenza Reale following the residency of King Emmanuel II between 1865 to 1871 when Florence was the capital of Italy. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... Palazzo della Signoria Palazzo della Signoria was the original name of the Palazzo Vecchio, before the government of the Republic of Florence was moved to the Uffizi under Cosimo I de Medici. ... Andrea Doria as Neptune Agnolo di Cosimo ( 1503, Firenze – 1572, Firenze) (also known as Agnolo Bronzino and Agnolo Tori). ... Year 1562 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. ... Leaning Tower of Pisa. ...

Cosimo's children were:

In 1570, he married a second time to Camilla Martelli[2] (died 1574). They had 3 children: is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1540 was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Francesco I of Tuscany. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1587 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Portrait of Isabella de Medici by Alessandro Allori, Florence, Uffizi. ... is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... Paolo Giordano Orsini in an ancient print. ... Agnolo Bronzino, Portrait of Giovanni de Medici (c. ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... Year 1562 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... The Duomo at Sunset The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pisa is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... Portrait of Lucrezia (di Cosimo) de Medici by Agnolo Bronzino. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... Alfonso II dEste. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of Dukes of Modena. ... Modena (Mòdna in Modenese dialect) is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Spanish conquest of Yucatan Peace between England and France Foundation of Trinity College, Cambridge by Henry VIII of England Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg Science Architecture Michelangelo Buonarroti is made chief architect of St. ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1547 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1547 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1562 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (30 July 1549 – 17 February 1609) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609, having succeeded his older brother Francesco I. Ferdinando was the fourth son of Cosimo I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Eleonora of Toledo (1519... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 5 - Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands. ... is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ... Year 1574 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

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Cosimo I de' Medici

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Ancestors and Descendants

• "Ancestors of Cosimo I de' Medici, Duke of Florence", from Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
• Pictorial version of Cosimo I de Medici's Ancestors
• Descendants of Cosimo I de' Medici which maps how the Medici became part of the European Royal families, eventually leading to Prince William of Wales, future King of Great Britain through the House of Stuart.

Download high resolution version (801x983, 90 KB)Cosimo I de Medici in Armour by Agnolo Bronzino. ... Portrait of Giovanni by Gian Paolo Pace, now housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. ... Giovanni de Medici, known as il Popolano (October 21, 1467 - September 14, 1498) was an Italian nobleman of the Medici House of Florence. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Galeazzo Maria Sforza. ... The following is a list of rulers of Milan from the 13th century to 1859. ... Giovanni Salviati (1490 - October 28, 1553) was an Italian Cardinal[1] and diplomat. ... Mother of Pope Leo XI ... A portrait of Lorenzo de Medici by Girolamo Macchietti. ... Clarice Orsini (NN, 1453 – Aug NN, 1488), born in Italy to Giacomo Orsini di Monterotondo and Maddalena Orsini. ... Cosimo I de Medici (June 12, 1519[1] – April 21, 1574) was Duke of Florence, ruling from 1537 to 1574, and became the first Grand Duke of Tuscany. ... Categories: | | | | | | | ... For the board game, see Medici (board game). ... “Prince William” redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

References

• Eisenbichler, Konrad, editor (2001). The Cultural Politics of Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici. 
• Eisenbichler, Konrad, editor (2004). The Cultural World of Eleonora of Toledo, Duchess of Florence and Siena. *