Cosme Mariano Argerich (1758-1820) was a pioneer of military medical practices. He was the first officer to be appointed as the Surgeon General in the Argentine Army. He received his medical doctorate in 1783 from Universidad de Cervera in Spain, and thereafter practiced medicine in Barcelona until 1784. Returning to Argentina that same year, he was instrumental in containing the smallpox epidemics of 1794 and 1796, becoming the country's primary advocate for popular immunization. During the English invasion attempts of 1806 and 1807, he distinguished himself in providing medical treatment to wounded soldiers. 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Argentine Army (Ejército Argentino) is the land armed force branch of the Argentine military and the senior military service of the country. ... Barcelona is the capital city of Catalonia, an autonomous community in Spain. ...

He was the primary proponent of the country's Instituto Medico Militar, founded on 13 March 1813. That same year, he was appointed as the organization's director, a position which he held until 1921, overseeing the nation's premiere medical training facility. He was also commissioned in the Argentine Army as a surgeon, and was responsible for training and establishing a medical corps for General Jose de San Martin's expeditionary force to Chile that required crossing the Andes mountain chain (a Hannibal-inspired military victory instrumental to securing the country's independence from Spain). March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...