The name given to Manchester in the 19th Century inspired by its status as the centre of the cotton and textile industries. Manchester is a city in England, considered by many to be the countrys second city [1][2]. It is a centre of the arts, the media, higher education and big business. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cotton ready for harvest. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Growth of Industry

In 1781 Richard Arkwright opened the worlds first steam driven textile mill (destoryed by enemy bombing in World war two but recently uncovered in an archeological dig). As the textile manufacture switched from the home to large factory production, Manchester became the biggest cotton spinning centre in the world and some of the earliest mills can still be seen here. The area of Ancoats was part of a planned expansion of the city and became the first industrial suburb centred on steam power. There were mills whose architectural innovations included fireproofing by use of iron and stone. 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Richard Arkwright Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 – 3 August 1792) was an Englishman credited with the spinning frame — later renamed the water frame following the transition to water power. ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... A former Rochdale Canal Warehouse at Dale Street Basin, now fully restored for alternative use, 14 July 2005 Brownsfield Mill on Great Ancoats Street by the Rochdale Canal, 14 July 2005. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ... A steam engine is a heat engine that makes use of the potential energy that exists as pressure in steam, converting it to mechanical work. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... Wiktionary has related dictionary definitions, such as: stone Stone may be used as a building material, as in this dry stone wall Stone may refer to: Rock (geology), a naturally occurring aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids Stoning, a method of execution using rocks Gemstone, as used in jewelry Stone...

As insdustry grew, so did its need for good transport. The area around Castlefield, already the meeting point of many canals became home to the world first passenger railway station when the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened in 1830. This spurred Manchester to gain a major lead in engineering as many new foundries and machine tool firms were created - surviving examples of which are still located in surrounding suburbs like Newton Heath, Beswick, Openshaw and Gorton. Victorian mechanical engineer William Fairbairn opened an engineering works in Ancoats which supplied most of the iron used in the construction of the mills. Castlefield Castlefield in Manchester, UK was a site where the Roman Empire established a fort. ... The Canal du Midi in Toulouse, France. ... The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (LMR) was the worlds first intercity passenger railway operated solely by steam locomotives. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Engineering is the application of scientific and technical knowledge to solve human problems. ... Newton Heath is an area of Greater Manchester, famous primarily for two things: The birthplace of Newton Heath Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Football Club (est. ... Beswick is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire. ... Openshaw Citadel was the third Salvation Army corps opened in Manchester from August 7, 1879 to the 1970s. ... Gorton is a district in Manchester, United Kingdom, to the south-east of the city centre. ... Victorian can refer to: people from or attributes of places called Victoria (disambiguation page), including Victoria, Australia, people who lived during the British Victorian era of the 19th century, and aspects of the Victorian era, for example: Victorian architecture Victorian fashion Victorian morality Victorian literature This is a disambiguation page... Sir William Fairbairn Sir William Fairbairn (February 19, 1789 - August 18, 1874) was a Scottish engineer. ...

The number of Manchester cotton mills peaked at 108 in 1853, though new ones continued to open in the surrounding mill towns of Oldham, Rochdale and Bolton (also known as 'Cotton Town' and farther afield around Blackburn, Todmorden and Burnley but by then Manchester was already eastablished as the financial centre of the North West. Following the downturn of 1883, city industrialists embarked upon the monumental and hugely expensive task of constructing the Manchester Ship Canal. This led to new mills being built in the suburbs, exemplified by the vast Victoria Mill at Miles Platting, which was also the home of the last Manchester cotton mill which went up in 1924. Location within the British Isles Mumps Bridge, Oldham Backwoods of Delph, Oldham Oldham is a large town in North West England, lying in the foothills of the Pennines on the north-eastern edge of the Greater Manchester conurbation: the town proper has a population of 103,544, including a large... The Rochdale war memorial Rochdale (pronounced ) is a town in Greater Manchester in north-west England, within the traditional borders of Lancashire. ... Arms of Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council, the motto is Latin for Overcome Delays Bolton is a large town in the north-west of England. ... This article is about Blackburn in Lancashire, England. ... Todmorden is a town in the county of West Yorkshire, England. ... Burnley is a market town in the east of Lancashire in north-west England with a population of around 74,000 mutants. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The canal at its Manchester end, looking towards Old Trafford. ... The area of Miles Platting in inner north Manchester, England, was intensively developed in the 19th century providing homes for the industrial workforce. ...

In the final half of the 1800's Manchester's reputation as the finance and commerce centre was boosted by the unprecedented number of warehouses ercected in the city centre. In 1806 there were just over 1000 but by 1815 this had almost doubled to 1,819. Manchester was dubbed 'warehouse city'. To begin with most were built around the King Street area although by 1850 warehouses had spread right down to Portland Street and later to Whitworth Street. Richard Cobden's construction in Mossley Street was the first 'palazzo warehouse', follwed by the elaborate Watts warehouse of 1854, and most recently the packing warehouses ('India House', Velvet House', 'Asia House' etc), some of the tallest buildings of their time, along Whitworth Street. The square mile of 'warehouse city' is cited as the finest example of a Victorian commercial centre in the UK. Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses and organizations raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects. ... Commerce is the trading of something of value between two entities. ... Inside Green Logistics Co. ... King Street is a major road in Alexandria, Virginia, USA, and the heart of Old Town Alexandria. ... Portland Street (砵蘭街) is arguably the most famous red light district in Hong Kong. ... Richard Cobden Richard Cobden (June 3, 1804 – April 2, 1865) was an a British manufacturer and Radical and Liberal statesman, associated with John Bright in the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League. ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

These dominant buildings were the stately homes of the cotton industry providing not just the storage facilities but also the display of finished goods. They spurned equally ornate bank and office buildings providing loans for the production of cotton and associated industries. The crown palace of Cottonopolis was the Manchester Royal Exchange Hall. The first of which was built by Sir Oswald Mosley in 1729. It was subsequently re-built and dubbed at the time ‘the largest trading room in the world’. 29.2metres high, the vast hall has an area of 3683 square metres, and a membership of up to eleven thousand cotton merchants. They met every Tuesday and Friday to trade their wares beneath the 38.5m high central glass dome. After her visit in 1851 Queen Victoria granted the Exchange to be henceforth known as ‘The Manchester Royal Exchange’. It was lavishly re-built by architects Bradshaw, Gass & Hope bewteen 1914-21. Badly damaged in WW2 and ceased operation for cotton trading in 1968. It was renovated and turned into the home of one of the most proflic and highly regarded theatres outside London in 1972. Damaged again in 1996 in the IRA bomb and rebuilt once more at a cost of £32million. The term Royal Exchange can refer to: The Royal Exchange in London The Royal Exchange in Manchester The Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley, 6th Baronet (November 16, 1896 - December 3, 1980) was a British politician principally known as the founder of the British Union of Fascists. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the worlds nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. ...

Quotations

'...[Manchester] this famous great factory town. Dark and smoky from the coal vapours, it resembles a huge forge or workshop. Work, profit and greed seem to be the only thoughts here. The clatter of the cotton mills and the looms can be heard everywhere...' Johanna Schopenhauer. Sammtliche Schriften. Frankfurt, (1830) Johanna Schopenhauer (July 9, 1766 – April 17, 1838) was a German author and the mother of Arthur Schopenhauer. ...

'A thick black smoke covers the city. The sun appears like a disc without any rays. In this semi-daylight 300,000 people work ceaselessly. A thousand noises rise amidst this unending damp and dark labyrinth...the footsteps of a busy crowd, the crunching wheels of machines, the shriek of steam from the boilers, the regular beat of looms, the heavy rumble of carts, these are the only noises from which you can never escape in these dark half-lit streets...' Alexis De Toqueville Oeuvres Completes. (1835)

"I remember my earliest view of Manchester. I saw the forest of chimneys pouring forth volumes of steam and smoke, forming an inky canopy which seemed to embrace and involve the whole place." W.Cooke Taylor (1842)

External Links

• History of Cotton Spinning [1]
• Richard Arkwrights Mill [2]
• Mills and buildings of Manchester [3]