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Pope Gregory X presided over the council, which he hoped to make genuinely ecumenical: it was attended by some five hundred bishops, sixty abbots and more than a thousand prelates or their procurators, among whom were the representatives of the universities.
Among others who attended the council were James I of Aragon, the ambassador of the Emperor Michael Palaeologus with members of the Greek clergy and the ambassadors of the Khan of the Tatars.
In the procedures to be observed in the council, for the first time the nations appeared as represented elements in an ecclesiastical council, as they had already become represented in the governing of medieval universities.