The Council of Twelve Men was a group of 12 men chosen in 1641 by the residents of New Amsterdam to advise the Director-General of New Netherland at the time, Willem Kieft, on relations with the Native Americans due to the murder of Claes Swits. Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... Dutch Revival buildings from the early 20th century on Pearl Street in lower Manhattan recall the Dutch origins of the city. ... This is a list of Directors-General, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch colony of New Netherland (Nieuw Nederland in Dutch) in North America. ... Willem Kieft (1597-1647) was a Dutch merchant and director general of New Netherland (of which New Amsterdam, later New York City, was the primary settlement), from 1638 until 1647. ... An Atsina named Assiniboin Boy Photo by Edward S. Curtis. ...
Whether it is not just to punish the barbarous murder of Claes Swits committed by an Indian and, in case the Indian refuse to surrender the murderer at our request, whether it is not justifiable to ruin the entire village to which he belongs?
In what manner the same ought be put into effect and at what time?
By whom it may be undertaken?
War
They did not counsel war, as desired by Willem Kieft. They proposed a friendly request to be sent to the Indians to surrender the murderer. Because Willem Kieft was not happy with the reply of the council of twelve, he disassembled the council on February 8, 1642. Kieft then ordered the Dutch West India Company soldiers to attack nearby Indian villages. Attacks between the Indians and the West India Company soldiers led to a near devastation of New Amsterdam in 1643. Willem Kieft (1597-1647) was a Dutch merchant and director general of New Netherland (of which New Amsterdam, later New York City, was the primary settlement), from 1638 until 1647. ... Willem Kieft (1597-1647) was a Dutch merchant and director general of New Netherland (of which New Amsterdam, later New York City, was the primary settlement), from 1638 until 1647. ... February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ... Dutch West India Company (Dutch: West-Indische Compagnie or WIC) was a company of Dutch merchants. ... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ...
Nascent democracy
Although the council was not permanent, it was the first representational form of democracy in the Dutch colony. The next time a council was created it was a council of eight men. The Council of eight men was an early representational democracy in New Amsterdam. ...
Tait hypothesised an earlier council, on the grounds that the reform ordinances were made "by all the commonalty and by the more worthy sworn men of the town."[89] This is slim proof of a permanent council, especially given the sparsity of earlier evidence for groups that might be candidates for a conciliar body.
Although its inception is generally accredited to the tripartite indenture of 1420 theoretically dictated by the Bishop, in fact the council had been in existence since at least the 1418 elections, probably the result of a less formal accord of c.1417.
A lower council of 48 to represent the community-at-large in the wake of a diminution of control over the original council; this was part of the constitutional readjustment in 1426, already mentioned.
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