Moldova is divided into 32 Rayons, or judeţe, 3 municipalities (Chişinău, Bălţi and Bender), one semi-autonomous, non-contiguous region (Gagauzia), and the breakaway region of Transnistria, the status of which is still disputed.
The part of Moldova east of the Dniestr River, Transnistria is de jure a part of Moldova, although in reality it is not controlled by the Moldovan government.
The Republic of Moldova is a small country, favorably situated in the Southeast part of Europe, neighboring Romania to the West and Ukraine to the East.
From the XIV century it was a part of the Moldova Principality, situated between Oriental Carpathians and the Nistru river, in the north bounded by Hotin, and in the South – by the Low Danube and the Black Sea.
The present territory of Moldova is smaller compared to the area attributed to Russian authorities in 1812, since the North Hotin, Acherman and the southern Ismail were given up in 1940 by the Soviet authorities to Ukraine.
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