County of Mark in 1477.

The County of the Mark (German: Grafschaft Mark, colloquially known as Die Mark) was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle. It lay on both sides of the Ruhr River along the Volme and Lenne Rivers. Image File history File links KBMG1477. ... Image File history File links KBMG1477. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... The double-headed eagle A portrait of Charlemagne wearing the crown of the Holy Roman Empire (15th century painting by Albrecht Dürer) The Holy Roman Empire was a mainly Germanic conglomeration of lands in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... A map of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century. ... For the conurbation see Ruhr Area. ... This article is a rough translation of an article in German. ... The Lenne is a river in the Sauerland area in western Germany. ...

The Counts of the Mark were some of the most powerful and influential Westphalian lords in the Holy Roman Empire. The name Mark is recalled in the Märkischer Kreis, a district in lands north of the Ruhr River in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The northern portion (north of the Lippe River) is still called Hohe Mark ("Higher Mark"). The former "Lower Mark" (between the Ruhr and Lippe Rivers) is - for the most part - the present Ruhr area and is no longer called "Mark". Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. ... The Märkische Kreis is a district (Kreis) in central North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... For the conurbation see Ruhr Area. ... North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen, usually shortened to: NRW) is - in terms of population and economic output - the largest Federal State of Germany. ... The Lippe is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Map of the Ruhr Area The Ruhr Area (German Ruhrgebiet, colloquially Ruhrpott or Kohlenpott or simply Pott) is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, consisting of a number of large (former) industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to...

Geography

County of the Mark and Ravensberg, 1645.

The County of the Mark enclosed an area of approximately 3,000 km² and extended between the Lippe and Agger Rivers (north-south) and between Gelsenkirchen and Bad Sassendorf (west-east) for about 75 km. The Lippe is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... The confluence of the Sülz and Agger Rivers near Lohmar The Agger is a river in Germany, a right tributary of the Sieg in North Rhine-Westphalia. ... Gelsenkirchen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

The east-west flowing Ruhr separated the county in two different regions: the northern, fertile lowlands of Hellweg-Börde; and the southern hills of the Süderbergland (Sauerland). In the south-north direction the southern part of the county was crossed by the Lenne. In the region of the Lower Lenne was the County of Limburg (1243-1808), a fiefdom of Berg. For the conurbation see Ruhr Area. ... The Sauerland is a rural hilly area spreading across most of the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, heavily forested and sparsely inhabited. ... Map of the duchies of Jülich, Cleves, and Berg circa 1477 Berg was a medieval territory in todays North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

The seat of the Counts of the Mark was originally the Burg Altena in Sauerland, but they moved to Burg Mark near Hamm in the 1220s. The county was bordered by Vest Recklinghausen, the County of Dortmund, the Bishopric of Münster, the County of Limburg, Werden Abbey, and the Monastery of Essen. Map of Germany showing Hamm Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Dortmund is a city in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. ... The Bishopric of Münster was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of todays North Rhine-Westphalia and western Lower Saxony. ... Hagen-Hohenlimburg (formerly known as Limburg an der Lenne, changed to Hohenlimburg in 1903), on the Lenne river, is a borough of the city of Hagen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Kloster Werden or Werden Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in Essen-Werden (Germany), situated on the Ruhr. ... [Essen], german for Meal [essen], german for eat Essen is the name of the following places: Essen, Germany, one of the major cities of the Ruhr area Essen, Belgium Essen, Netherlands, a village in the province of Groningen German: to eat, eating, food This is a disambiguation page — a navigational...

Coat of arms

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the county was a red and white checkered fess of three rows on a gold field. These arms are used today by the city of Hamm. Many other places in the area include the red and white checkered fess in their arms as a reference to the county. A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... A fess is a term used in heraldry to describe a charge on a coat of arms that takes the form of a band running from the left to the right side of the shield, centered from top to bottom. ... Map of Germany showing Hamm Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

History

County of Mark in 1681.

Originally belonging to a collateral line of the counts of Berg, the territory emerged under the name of Berg-Altena in 1160. The Counts of Altena then purchased Burg Mark ("Oberhof Mark") near Hamm from the Counts of Rüdenberg and made it the residence of the new "Counts of the Mark". The town of Hamm near Burg Mark was founded by Count Adolf I in 1226 and was soon the most important town of the county. Mark was the German word for a border march. Map of the duchies of Jülich, Cleves, and Berg circa 1477 Berg was a medieval territory in todays North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Hamm Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Hamm Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Events Carmelite Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II calls Imperial Diet of Cremona Births June 21 - King Boleslaus V of Poland (died 1279) Abul-Faraj, Syriac scholar (died 1286) Bar-Hebraeus, Syriac historian and bishop (died 1286) Deaths March 7 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English... Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Frankish word marka (boundary) and refer to an area along a border, e. ...

In the Battle of Worringen (1288), Count Eberhard I fought on the side of the Duchy of Brabant and the County of Berg. He fought against his liege, Archbishopric Sigfried II von Westerburg (in his capacity as Duke of Westphalia). Because Brabant and its allies were victorious, the County of Mark gained supremacy in southern Westphalia and became independent of the Archbishopric of Cologne. The territory of Mark was for long restricted to the lands between the Ruhr and Lippe rivers ("Lower Mark"). New territories in the north ("Higher Mark") were gained during the 14th century in wars against the Prince-bishops of Münster. The Battle of Worringen was fought on June 5, 1288 near the town of Worringen (also called Woeringen), nowadays a suburb of Cologne. ... Brabant is a former duchy in the Low Countries, and a former province of Belgium. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Prince-Bishop was the title given bishops who held secular powers, beside their inherent clerical power. ... For other places with the same or similar names, and other uses of the word, see Munster (disambiguation) Münster is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

Count Adolf III, the son of Adolf II married Margarete of Cleves, acquired the Duchy of Cleves on the western banks of the Rhine in 1368 and united it with Mark as "Cleves-Mark" in 1394. The Duchy of Cleves (Herzogtum Kleve) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in present Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and the Netherlands (parts of Limburg, Noord-Brabant and Gelderland). ... Loreley At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (Dutch Rijn, French Rhin, German Rhein, Italian: Reno, Romansch: Rein, ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ...

County of the Mark in 1791.

The heir to the throne of Cleves-Mark married the daughter of the Duke of Berg in 1510, resulting in a personal union of Cleves-Mark and Berg (1521). Almost all of present North Rhine-Westphalia (except for the clerical states) was then ruled by the dukes. The ducal dynasty became extinct in 1609, when the insane last duke had died. A long dispute about the succession followed, before the territory was granted to Elector John Sigismund of Brandenburg in the 1614 Treaty of Xanten (generally accepted in 1666). It then became part of the Kingdom of Prussia after 1701. A personal union is a relationship of two or more entities that are considered separate, sovereign states, which, through established law, share the same person as their respective head of state. ... North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen, usually shortened to: NRW) is - in terms of population and economic output - the largest Federal State of Germany. ... John or Johann Sigismund Hohenzollern (1572-1619) succeeded his father Joachim Friedrich as margrave of Brandenburg and duke of Ducal Prussia in 1608. ... Coat of arms Capital Brandenburg Berlin (from 1417) Religion Roman Catholic Lutheran Calvinist Government Monarchy Margrave  - 1157–70 Albert I  - 1797–1806 Frederick William III History  - Margraviate established 3 October, 1157  - Electorate established 25 December 1356  - Brandenburg-Prussia 27 August 1618  - Kingdom of Prussia 1 January 1701  - Dissolution of the... Flag of Prussia (1894 - 1918) The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire. ...

County of the Mark in 1791.

In 1807 the County of the Mark passed from Prussia to France in the Treaties of Tilsit. In 1808 Napoleon then gave Mark to the elevated Grand Duchy of Berg, which was divided into four departments along the lines of Napoleonic France. Mark was in the Ruhr Department until the collapse of French power in 1813, when it returned to Prussia. The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July, 1807. ... Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Map of the duchies of Jülich, Cleves, and Berg circa 1477. ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties and are now grouped into 22 metropolitan and four overseas régions. ...

The Prussian administrative reform of 30 April 1815 placed Mark within Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg, Province of Westphalia. The title, in the form "Count of the Mark", survived the territory as a subsidiary title of the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and as such passed briefly through the British Royal Family.^[source?] Although the dukes abdicated in 1919, their descendants continue. The Hohenzollern Prussian sovereigns remained nominal lords of the "Prussian County of the Mark" until the abolition of Prussia by the Allied Control Council on 25 February 1947. April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate. ... Westphalia and the other Provinces of Prussia in the German Empire. ... Capitals Coburg and Gotha Head of State Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (German: Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) served as the name of the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Germany, in the present-day states of Bavaria... Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony Close relatives of the monarch of the United Kingdom are known by the appellation The Royal Family. ... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: Prūsa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ... Kammergericht, Headquarters of the Allied Control Council The Allied Control Council or Allied Control Authority, known in German as the Alliierter Kontrollrat, also referred to as the Four Powers, was a military occupation governing body of the Allied Occupation Zones in Germany after the end of World War II in... February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

The "County of the Mark" has no official meaning anymore, but is used to informally refer to the region in North Rhine-Westphalia. North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen, usually shortened to: NRW) is - in terms of population and economic output - the largest Federal State of Germany. ...

Rulers of Mark

Altena-Mark

• 1160-1180 Eberhard IV of Berg, count of Altena
• 1180-1198 Friedrich I count of Altena

Mark

• 1198-1249 Adolf I
• 1249-1277 Engelbert I
• 1277-1308 Eberhard II
• 1308-1328 Engelbert II
• 1328-1347 Adolf II
• 1347-1391 Engelbert III
• 1391-1394 Adolf III
• 1394-1398 Dietrich

Cleves-Mark

• 1398-1417 Adolf IV
• 1417-1461 Gerhard
• 1461-1481 Johann I
• 1481-1521 Johann II "The Pious"

Cleves-Mark-Jülich-Berg-Ravensberg

• 1511-1539 John III "the Peaceful"
• 1539-1592 William "the Rich"
• 1592-1609 John William

John III The Peaceful, Duke of Kleve-Mark, (Johann III Der Friedfertige, Herzog von Kleve-Jülich-Berg) (10 November 1490 - 6 February 1538/9) was a son of Johann II der Kindermacher Duke of Kleve-Mark and Matilda von Hessen. ...

References

This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding German Wikipedia article as of January 23, 2007. January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ...

External links

• Edicts of the Duchy of Berg and the County of Mark, 1418-1816 (Coll. Scotti) online (German)
• Map of the County of Mark in 1789

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Territories and Provinces of Prussia

Before 1701: Prussia | Brandenburg | Farther Pomerania | Magdeburg | Halberstadt | Cleves | Mark | Ravensberg | Minden |
Colonies of Brandenburg-Prussia: Groß Friedrichsburg | Arguin | Crab Island | Tertholen Image File history File links Flag_of_Preussen_1701-1918. ... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ... The Prussian flag (small) 1701-1918 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Prussian Tribute, oil on canvas by Jan Matejko, 1882, 388 x 875 cm, National Museum in Kraków. ... Coat of arms Capital Brandenburg Berlin (from 1417) Religion Roman Catholic Lutheran Calvinist Government Monarchy Margrave  - 1157–70 Albert I  - 1797–1806 Frederick William III History  - Margraviate established 3 October, 1157  - Electorate established 25 December 1356  - Brandenburg-Prussia 27 August 1618  - Kingdom of Prussia 1 January 1701  - Dissolution of the... Farther Pomerania (Hinterpommern) in yellow. ... The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire lying around Magdeburg along the Elbe River. ... The Bishopric of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese from 804 until 1648 and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the late Middle Ages until around 1800. ... The Duchy of Cleves (Herzogtum Kleve) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in present Germany (part of North Rhine-Westphalia) and the Netherlands (parts of Limburg, Noord-Brabant and Gelderland). ... Ravensberg, historical county in eastern Westphalia, Germany. ... The Bishopric of Minden was a Roman Catholic diocese and a state of the Holy Roman Empire. ... German colonial empire The German colonial empire was an overseas area formed in the late 19th century as part of the Hohenzollern dynastys German Empire. ... The Brandenburger Gold Coast, later Prussian Gold Coast, was a part of the Gold Coast that was colonised by Germans before the German unification. ... Arguin is an island off the west coast of Mauritania in the Bay of Arguin, at 20° 36 N., 16° 27 W. It is 6 km long by 2 broad. ...

After 1701: Neuchâtel | Hither Pomerania | East Frisia | Silesia (1740) | Glatz (1763) | Polish Prussia, Netze District (1772) |
South Prussia (1793) | New East Prussia, New Silesia (1795) Friedrich I of Prussia, Kurfürst of Brandenburg, King in Russia (Fredrick I, July 11, 1857 -- February 25, 1913), Hohenzollern, was the first King in Prussia, reigning from January 18, 2001, until his death. ... Neuchâtel is a canton of Switzerland. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Western Pomerania. ... The landscape to the north of Greetsiel, in East Frisia. ... Prussian Silesia, 1871, outlined in yellow; Silesia at the close of the Seven Years War in 1763, outlined in cyan (areas now in the Czech Republic were Austrian-ruled at that time) Silesia (Czech: ; German: ; Polish: ; Silesian: Åšlonsk / Åšlónsk) is a historical region in central Europe. ... The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) became inevitable after Maria Theresa of Austria had succeeded her father Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor in his Habsburg dominions in 1740, namely becoming Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, and Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lower Silesian Municipal government Rada Miejska w KÅ‚odzku Mayor Roman Lipski Area 25 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 30. ... Combatants Kingdom of Prussia Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland Electorate of Hanover Kingdom of Portugal Brunswick Hesse-Kassel Holy Roman/Austrian Empire Kingdom of France Russian Empire Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Naples and Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia The Seven Years War (1754... Flag Map of Royal Prussia (light pink) Government Monarchy History  - Established October 19, 1466  - Loss of autonomy 1 July 1569  - Annexed August 5, 1772 Royal Prussia (German: ; Polish: ) was a province of the Kingdom of Poland and then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1772. ... The Netze District or District of the Netze (German: ; Polish: ) was a territory in the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1793. ... The Partitions of Poland (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Padalijimas, Belarusian: Падзелы Рэчы Паспалітай) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... South Prussia (1793-1806) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia, created in Greater Poland after the second partition of Poland (1793). ... New East Prussia (German Neu-Ostpreußen) was the easternmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia between 1795 and 1807, created from areas acquired during the third Partition of Poland, with Warsaw as a capital. ... New Silesia (German: Neuschlesien, also Neu-Schlesien) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 to 1806, created northwest of Kraków from the third partition of Poland. ...

Reorder after 1814–5: East Prussia & West Prussia (1824–78 joined to Prussia) | Brandenburg | Pomerania | Posen | Saxony | Silesia | Westphalia | Rhine Province (1822, Lower Rhine & Jülich-Cleves-Berg) | Hohenzollern (1850, Hohenzollern-Hechingen & Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen) | Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Hesse-Nassau (1866–8) The Provinces of Prussia constituted the main administrative divisions Prussia. ... The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819. ... East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia. ... One of four districts of East Prussia in 1920 - 1938. ... The Province of Prussia was a province of Poland from the 15th century until 1660, consisting of Royal Prussia and Ducal Prussia. ... The Province of Brandenburg (German: ) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946. ... Pomerania and the other Provinces of Prussia in the German Empire. ... The Province of Posen (German: , Polish: ) was a province of Prussia from 1846-1918. ... The Province of Saxony (German Provinz Sachsen) was a Prussian province between the Napoleonic Wars of 1815 and 1947. ... Please be advised that the factual accuracy of Wikipedia articles dealing with topics related to the Oder-Neisse Line is often disputed. ... Westphalia and the other Provinces of Prussia in the German Empire. ... The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. ... The Lower Rhine Province (red}, within the Kingdom of Prussia (blue), within the German Confederation (member states in black)   Capital Koblenz Population  - 1816 est. ... The province of the Jülich-Cleves-Berg (red}, within the Kingdom of Prussia (blue), within the German Confederation (member states in black). ... Hohenzollern and the other Provinces of Prussia in the German Empire. ... Hohenzollern-Hechingen is a branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty, less known however than the Franconian branch which became Burgraves of Nuremberg and later ruled Brandenburg, Prussia and ultimately Germany in the centuries to 1918. ... Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is the cadet branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty, less known however than the Franconian branch which became Burgraves of Nuremberg and later ruled Brandenburg, Prussia and ultimately Germany in the centuries to 1918. ... Schleswig-Holstein and the other Provinces of Prussia in the German Empire. ... Capital Hanover Head of State King of Hanover Hanover (German: Hannover) is a historical territory in todays Germany. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Combatants Austria, Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Hanover and some minor German States (formerly as the German Confederation) Prussia, Italy and some minor German States Strength 600,000 Austrians and German allies 500,000 Prussians and German allies 300,000 Italians Casualties 40,000+ dead or wounded 37,000 dead...

Later administrational reforms: Lower Silesia, Upper Silesia (1919) | Greater Berlin, West Prussia (district) (1920) | Posen-West Prussia (1922) |
Halle-Merseburg, Magdeburg, Electoral Hesse, Nassau (1944) Lower Silesia (Niederschlesien in German) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. ... Upper Silesia (Polish: , German: ) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. ... The Greater Berlin Act (German: ) of 1920, in full the Law Regarding the Ronstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin (German: ), was a law passed by the Prussian government that led to the formation of the separate Prussian administrative region of Berlin. ... The Grenzmark Posen-Westpreussen were the lands of the former Germany/Prussian provinces of Posen and West Prussia, that remained in Germany after 1920 (end of World War I). ...